Francisco Goya best paintings. The best paintings by Francisco Goya - the love and pain of a great soul
Universal creativity of Francisco Goya
Self portrait
Autorretrato
1783
Gallery: Musée Agen, France
The range of Francisco Goya's skill is enormous - both in subject matter (he painted portraits, genre and battle scenes) and in the technical techniques used. According to the Spanish philosopher and publicist José Ortega y Gasset, the artist “addressed all possible themes - religious and secular, diabolical and phantasmagoric.
Portrait of Maria Teresa de Vallabriga on horseback
Retrato de María Teresa de Vallabriga a caballo
1783
Goya did not bypass any genre, be it religious and cult painting, allegory, perspective composition, satirical engraving or caricature.
Isn’t it in this universal, all-encompassing nature of Goya’s work that one of the reasons lies that not a single art critic was able to determine the organic integrity of the artist’s entire art?”
Wife of Juan Agustin Ceán Bermúdez
Esposa de Juan Agustín Ceán Bermúdez
c.1785
Francisco Goya was born on March 30, 1746 in the small village of Fuentetodos, Spain. He acquired his first drawing skills in the workshop of Jose Lusan, who adhered to academic canons in painting. After several unsuccessful attempts to continue his education at the Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid, he traveled around Italy from about 1769 to 1771.
St. Gregory the Great
San Gregorio el Grande
1797
During this trip he received second prize in a painting competition organized by the Academy of Fine Arts of Parma. Returning to his homeland, the artist completed frescoes for the side nave of the Church of Nuestra Señora del Pilar in Zaragoza, marked by a strong influence of the Italian Baroque. In 1773 he came to Madrid, and in subsequent years he produced about 60 cardboards for carpets produced by the royal manufactory.
Duke of Alba
Duque de Alba
1795
Rich in color and simple in composition, they depicted people engaged in everyday activities. Among these works, “Umbrella”, “Game of Pelota”, “Game of Blind Man’s Bluff” stand out. Goya's work on these cardboards became one of the most fruitful stages in the beginning of the artist's career in Madrid.
Fame came to him in the early 1780s thanks to portraits painted in exquisite colors that create a slight haze (“Family of the Duke of Osuna”, “Portrait of Isabel Cobos de Porcel”). Goya took on portraits, among other things, in order to earn a living.
Portrait of Ferdinand Guillemardet
Retrato de Fernando Guillemardet
1798
So, in 1783 he painted “Portrait of the Count of Floridablanca”, and the next year - “The Sermon of St. Bernard of Siena”.
In 1780, Francisco Goya became a member of the Madrid Academy of Arts, in 1785 - vice-director, in 1795 - director of its painting department. In 1786, he received the title of court painter, which provided him with a significant annual salary and allowed him to paint not only commissioned portraits, but also to work on his own artistic projects, which included, for example, the painting “Fair in the Meadow of San Isidro.”
Goya's works, created in 1786-1792, are characterized by pearl shimmers, echoes of French Rococo. Over the course of six years, the artist managed to achieve creative and public recognition. In 1789, King Charles IV appointed him to the position of chief court painter. At this time, Goya created cardboards “The Game of Blind Man's Bluff” and “Rural Wedding”.
Portrait of Don Francisco de Borja Tellez Giron
Retrato de Don Francisco de Borja Tellez Girón
c.1816
In 1792, the artist suffered a misfortune that affected his work. During a trip to the city of Cadiz, the artist fell seriously ill and lost his hearing forever. He was unable to fully recover from this blow of fate until the end of his life. According to many critics, after his illness, the artist’s work acquired its own inimitable style, the characteristic feature of which was a deeply pessimistic vision of the world.
From a letter from Francisco Goya to his friend, writer and diplomat Bernardo de Iriarte, dated January 4, 1794:
“To occupy my imagination, tormented by thoughts of my troubles... I painted a series of small paintings in which I was able to reflect what usually does not find a place in commissioned works, where there is no room for whims and invention.”
This period of Goya’s work includes the paintings “Madhouse”, “Funeral of a Sardine”, “Bullfight”, “Procession of the Self-Flagelled” and others.
In 1798, the artist created magnificent frescoes of the Temple of San Antonio de la Florida, and then the famous series of etchings “Caprichos”. In 1801, Goya completed one of his most famous masterpieces, The Family of King Charles IV. The artist’s work also reflected the war for Spanish independence from Napoleonic France.
The Quail Shoot
La caza de la codorniz o La partida de caza
1775
He painted a series of etchings “The Horrors of War” and paintings “The Uprising of May 2, 1808 in Madrid: the Battle with the Mamelukes” and “Execution of the Rebels on the Night of May 3, 1808 in Madrid, on the Principe Pio Hill.” In 1817-1819, Goya worked on his “Self-Portrait”, which later became famous. In the features of his face, the artist displayed traces of the dramatic events of his life. He achieved special expressiveness through the contrast of the light falling on the face and the darkened background of the picture.
The Fight at the Venta Nueva
La lucha en la Venta Nueva
1777
In 1823, after the overthrow of the constitutional order in Spain, the liberal Goya was forced to leave first for Paris and then for Bordeaux. There he continued to create paintings and engravings – the “Bulls of Bordeaux” series. The master’s last works were “The Milkmaid from Bordeaux” and “Portrait of José Pio de Molina,” which he never managed to complete. Francisco Goya died on the night of April 15-16, 1828.
Based on materials from the “Encyclopedia of World Painting” (M.: Olma-Press, 2001. – pp. 83-85) and the book “Prado Museum. Spanish painting" (Editorial Escudo de Oro, S. A. – pp. 84-111).
Tvkultura.ru 03.30.06
The Swing
El Columpio
1779
They Sing for the Composer
Cantan para el compositor
Genre: capriccio
Even so he cannot make her out
Ni asi la distingue
Genre: capriccio
Mariana Waldstein, Ninth Marquesa de Santa Cruz
Mariana Waldstein, marquesa de Santa Cruz Novena 
Presenting his works, the young man hopes to study at the Royal Academy of Arts in San Fernando.
Unfortunately, the film did not pass the selection. And Goya decided to go to study and work in Italy. Having reached Rome, the artist studies the paintings of the great Italian masters. But the adventurous nature makes itself felt here too. The young man decided to kidnap his beloved, who was in a nunnery, but was caught right at the crime scene. Therefore, he had to hastily flee Rome.
Becoming
The ambitious artist went to Madrid in 1773, where he settled with his friend Francisco Bayeu, who at that time held the position of court artist for Queen Maria Louise and King Charles IV. Goya works mainly in the Bayeu workshop. A friend introduces the artist to Sister Josepha. The impressionable Goya fell in love and seduced the beauty. In 1775, he had to marry her, because the lady of his heart was already five months pregnant. The couple soon had a son, Eusebio, who did not live long.
Josefa bore Goya five children, although some sources say there were more. Unfortunately, only one son lived to adulthood - Francisco Javier Pedro. He followed in his father's footsteps, although he did not achieve such fame, but still became an artist.
The adventurous genius quickly became fed up with his wife, and as soon as he was surrounded by court aristocrats, he stopped being interested in her. In his entire life, he painted only one portrait of his wife.
Fame
In 1780, the artist managed to achieve reception at court. Thanks to the successful portrait of King Charles III and the painting “The Crucifixion,” Goya was accepted into the Royal Academy. In 1785 he became vice-director, in 1795 - director of the painting department.In 1786, the long-awaited position of court artist was achieved, which remained with the master even after the death of Charles III in 1799. Charles IV left this place for Goya.
In 1791, the artist’s fateful acquaintance with the Duchess of Alba took place. She became his patron and muse for many years.
In 1792-1793, Goya became seriously ill. This disease takes away the artist's hearing. During the recovery process, work began on the Caprichos etchings, which were completed only in 1799. The entire series was satirical, exposing the shortcomings of social, political and religious orders.
In 1796, the Duke of Alba, the patron and husband of the artist's muse, died. Goya accompanies his beloved to Andalusia, where she mourns the loss of her husband. Around this time, the famous painting "Macha Nude", dating from 1797, appears.
In 1798, Charles IV gave the court artist the task of painting the dome in the church of San Antonio de la Florida, located outside the city.
In 1802, “Maja Dressed” was created, which can be seen in the Prado. In the same year, the Duchess of Alba died and bequeathed an annuity of 3,500 reais annually to her lover's son, Javier Goya. In memory of the muse, the artist wrote “Mahu on the Balcony” in 1816.
Later years
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When the son got married and began to live separately with his wife, the elderly Goya was left alone. For several difficult years, he lived in the “Quinta del Sordo” - “House of the Deaf” outside the city. In the period from 1820 to 1823, the artist painted the walls with oils. Today these paintings can be seen in the Prado.
Loneliness ended with the acquaintance of Leocadia de Weiss. Because of the artist, she divorces her entrepreneur husband Isidro Weiss. From Goya, Leocadia gave birth to a daughter, Rosarita.
To avoid persecution by the new Spanish government, the artist's family moved to France in 1824. Goya lived there until his death on April 16, 1828.
Here in Bordeaux he masters lithography and paints portraits of new emigrant friends. Particularly famous from the French period are the 1826 series “The Bulls of Bordeaux” and the canvas “The Milkwoman of Bordeaux”, written in 1827-1828. The influence of Francisco José de Goya on European art cannot be overestimated.
Introduction
Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (Spanish) Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes; March 30, 1746 (17460330), Fuendetodos, near Zaragoza - April 16, 1828, Bordeaux) - Spanish artist and engraver, one of the first and most prominent masters of fine art of the Romantic era.
1. Biography and creativity
In 1746, a son was born into the family of a master gilder and the daughter of an impoverished nobleman. In 1760, the family moved to Zaragoza and here the young man was sent to the workshop of the artist Luzana y Martinez. A few years later, involved in a fight, he is forced to flee Zaragoza. In 1766, Goya came to Madrid. Here he gets acquainted with the works of court artists, improves his skills and even participates in competitions at the Madrid Academy of Fine Arts, hoping to be accepted into the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando. His painting was rejected and he went to Italy. He ends up in Rome, where he gets acquainted with the paintings of Italian masters. However, being an adventurous person, he again gets into trouble: at night he sneaks into a nunnery to kidnap his beloved; caught in the act, he is forced to leave Rome.
In 1771, having received the second prize from the Parma Academy of Arts for a painting on a theme from ancient history, he returned to Zaragoza, where he worked on frescoes in the late Italian Baroque tradition (side nave of the church of Nuestra Señora del Pilar, 1771-1772).
Around 1773, Goya settled in Madrid with his friend Francisco Bayeu, and worked in his workshop. Bayeu was then the official court painter of King Charles IV and Queen Marie Louise. Francisco introduced Goya to his sister Josepha, with whom he was delighted and soon seduced her. In 1775, Goya had to marry her when she was five months pregnant. Four months later, a boy was born, who was named Eusebio; he did not live long and soon died. In total, Josefa gave birth to five (according to various sources, more) children, of whom only one boy survived, named Javier - Francisco Javier Pedro - who became an artist. As soon as meetings with court aristocrats became available to Goya, Josepha was immediately practically forgotten by him. Goya painted only one portrait of her.
Under the patronage of Bayeu, Goya completed 45 panels for the Royal Tapestry Manufactory in 1776-1780, which served as samples (cardboards) for tapestries and received a permanent job at the factory. These works brought Goya fame. In 1780, Goya was received at court and painted a portrait of the king, a painting in the academic style “The Crucifixion” and became a member of the Royal Academy (from 1785 vice-director, and from 1795 director of its painting department), and in 1786 he was appointed court painter; after the death of Charles III he became the court artist of Charles IV and from 1799 his first painter.
In 1791, Goya met the Duchess of Alba, who became his lover and patron. He begins to court her. But in 1792-93. He is overtaken by an illness, as a result of which he loses his hearing. During his recovery in 1792, Goya began working on his first large series of etchings Caprichos(completed by 1799) - a satire on political, social and religious orders. In 1798, Charles IV commissioned Goya to paint the dome of his country church of San Antonio de la Florida.
In 1796, the Duchess's husband died, she goes to mourn this loss to her estate in Andalusia, and takes Goya with her. He painted her portraits many times; the two most famous of them are “Maja Nude” (c. 1797) and “Maja Dressed” (c. 1802, Prado). After her death, he creates "Macha on the Balcony" (circa 1816, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York). The Duchess of Alba died in 1802. She bequeathed to give out 3,500 reais annually from her remaining fortune to Javier Goya, the artist’s son.
In 1808, Spain was occupied by Napoleon. Goya witnessed the uprising against Napoleonic troops in Madrid and the repression that followed. After Spain was liberated, he captured these events in two famous paintings: “The Revolt of the Puerta del Sol on May 2, 1808” and “The Execution of the Madrid Rebels on the Night of May 3, 1808” (both ca. 1814, Madrid, Prado) .
His son married the daughter of a rich merchant and began to live separately. Goya was left completely alone. During these extremely difficult years for Goya, he lived alone in the country house “Quinta del Sordo” (that is, "House of the Deaf"), the walls of which were painted in oils (1820-1823, the paintings are now in the Prado).
He meets Leocadia de Weiss, the wife of businessman Isidro Weiss, who then divorces her husband. She had a daughter from Goya, who was named Rosarita. Fearing persecution from the new Spanish government, in 1824 Goya, along with Leocadia and little Rosarita, went to France, where he spent the last four years of his life. In exile, he painted portraits of his emigrant friends, mastered the then new technique of lithography and made a series dedicated to bullfighting: "Bulls of Bordeaux", 1826 and the painting “The Milkmaid from Bordeaux” (1827-1828). By this time, Goya's influence on artistic culture began to acquire pan-European significance.
A crater on Mercury is named after Goya.
2. Works
Rich in color and relaxed in composition, scenes of everyday life and festive folk entertainment (all in the Prado, Madrid):
"Umbrella", 1777;
"Dishes Seller" And "Madrid Market", 1778;
"The Pelota Game", 1779;
"Young Bull", 1780;
"Wounded Mason", 1786;
"Game of Blind Man's Bluff", 1791.
Since the early 1780s, Goya has gained fame as a portrait painter:
Portrait of the Count of Floridablanca,1782-83 (Bank of Urquijo, Madrid)
"The Family of the Duke of Osuna", 1787, (Prado);
Portrait of the Marquise A. Pontejos, circa 1787 (National Gallery of Art, Washington);
Senora Bermudez(Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest);
F. Bayeu(Prado) Dr. Peral(National Gallery, London) both 1796;
F. Guillemardet, 1798 (Louvre, Paris),
"La Tirana", 1799 (AH, Madrid);
"The Family of King Charles IV" 1800 (Prado);
F. Savasa Garsp, circa 1805 (National Gallery of Art, Washington);
I. Covos de Porcel, circa 1806 (National Gallery, London);
portrait of T. Perez, (1820 (Metropolitan Museum);
P. de Molina, 1828 (collection of O. Reinhart, Winterthur).
The nature of his art changed dramatically from the beginning of the 1790s before the events of the French Revolution. Life affirmation in Goya's work is replaced by deep dissatisfaction, the festive sonority and sophistication of light shades are replaced by sharp clashes of dark and light, Tiepolo's passion for mastering the traditions of Velazquez, El Greco, and later Rembrandt.
In his paintings, tragedy and darkness increasingly reign, absorbing the figures, the graphics become sharp: the swiftness of the pen drawing, the scratching stroke of the needle in the etching, the light and shadow effects of aquatint. Closeness with the Spanish enlighteners (G. M. Jovellanos y Ramirez, M. J. Quintana) exacerbated Goya’s hostility towards feudal-clerical Spain. Among the famous works of that time - The Sleep of Reason Gives Birth to Monsters.
Paintings dedicated to the liberation of Spain
Self-portrait(1815, Prado) - see above.
2.1. Series of etchings
"Caprichos",1797-1798 - an 80-sheet work with commentary that reveals the ugliness of the moral, political and spiritual foundations of the Spanish “old order”;
"Tauromachy", 1815 - published in 1816 in Madrid;
"Disasters of War", 1810-1820 - 82 sheets, published in 1863 in Madrid), executed mostly during the period of the people's liberation wars against the Napoleonic invasion and the first Spanish revolution (1808-1814);
"Disparates" ("Quims"), 1820-1823 - 22 sheets, published in 1863 in Madrid under the title "Los Proverbios" ("Parables", "Proverbs") .
The bulk of the unique copper plates engraved by Goya are preserved in the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando (Ukrainian) in Madrid. During the artist's lifetime, his etchings were not widely known. The Disasters of War and Proverbs were first published by the Academy of San Fernando only in 1863, 35 years after his death.
3. Films about Goya
"Naked Macha" ( The Naked Maja), 1958, made in the USA - Italy - France. Directed by Henry Coster; in the role of Goya - Anthony Franciosa.
“Goya, or the Hard Path of Knowledge”, 1971, produced by the USSR - GDR - Bulgaria - Yugoslavia. Based on the novel of the same name by Lion Feuchtwanger. Directed by Konrad Wolf; in the role of Goya - Donatas Banionis.
"Goya in Bordeaux" ( Goya en Burdeos), 1999, made in Italy - Spain. Directed by Carlos Saura; in the role of Goya - Francisco Rabal.
"Naked Macha" ( Volaverunt), 1999, made in France - Spain. Directed by Bigas Luna;
in the role of Goya - Jorge Perugorria.
“Ghosts of Goya”, 2006, produced in Spain - USA.
Directed by Milos Forman; in the role of Goya - Stellan Skarsgård.
Bibliography:
"Disparates" Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando; Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando
Famous artist
Francisco de Goya was born on March 30, 1746
in Fuendetodos in Spain. He began his studies of art as a teenager and even spent some time in , to further his skills. In the 1770s, Goya worked in the Spanish royal court. In addition to commissioning portraits of nobles, he created works that criticized the social and political problems of his era. The son of a Guilder, Goya spent part of his youth in Zaragoza. There he began painting at the age of about fourteen. Was a student of Jose Martinez Luzan. He copied the works of great masters, finding inspiration in the work of artists such as Diego Rodriguez de Silva Velazquez and.. He first drew caricatures of the tapestries, which served as models in the Madrid factory. These works showed scenes from everyday life, such as "The Umbrella" (1777) and "The Pottery Maker" (1779).
In 1779, Goya received an appointment as a painter to the royal court. He continued to rise in status, gaining admission to the Royal Academy of San Fernando the following year. Over time, Goya created a reputation for himself as a portrait painter. The work "The Duke and Duchess of Osuna and their Children" (1787-1788) illustrates this perfectly. He skillfully painted the smallest elements of their faces and clothing.
In 1792, Goya became completely deaf and subsequently suffered from an unknown illness. His style has changed somewhat. Continuing to develop professionally, Goya was appointed director of the Royal Academy in 1795, but he never forgot the plight of the Spanish people, and reflected this in his works.
Goya created a series of photographs called "Caprichos" in 1799. Even in his official work, researchers believe, he cast a critical eye on his subjects. He painted a portrait of the family of King Charles IV around 1800, which remains one of his most famous works.
The political situation in the country subsequently became so tense that Goya voluntarily went into exile in 1824. Despite his poor health, he thought he would be safer outside Spain. Goya moved to Bordeaux, where he spent the rest of his life. Here he continued to write. Some of his later works are portraits of friends and life in exile. The artist died on April 16, 1828 in Bordeaux in France.
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The canvas belongs to the brush of the Spanish artist Francisco Goya. The exact date of its creation is unknown. The painting is believed to have been painted between 1812 and 1819. The central place on it is given to a raging crowd of people carrying a banner with […]
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Francisco Goya's painting "The Grape Harvest" was painted in 1786. Currently, the work adorns the Prado National Museum in Madrid. The dimensions of the canvas are as much as 267.5 by 190.5 cm. In terms of style, the work can be […]