The largest ports in the world in terms of cargo turnover. Largest seaports in the world
The air and rail transportation industries are developing quite quickly. But they still cannot surpass the most large-scale and economical logistics channel - water.
Most of the goods on store shelves (phones, computers, spare parts and much more) are not locally produced. They are made in other countries and on other continents. And more than 70 percent of all world products are transported across the seas and oceans using containers.
At the end of the 1980s, Asia accounted for half of the positions in the list of the twenty largest ports in the world. Well, twenty years later the list has changed beyond recognition. There are one and a half times more eastern ports in the top twenty. Moreover, half of them are in China. And there is nothing surprising in this, since the size of exports from Asia to different parts of the world is unusually large. So, we present the largest ports in the world.
Singapore
This is the busiest port in the whole world. It can handle more than 25.6 million containers per year. And every year this figure is only growing. At the same time, it is easy to calculate how many ordinary seven-meter containers the port of a state with a population of 5 million people can handle. According to experts, there are more than five containers for every resident of Singapore. And this is just now. Twenty years ago the figure was almost six times less. By the way, the main operator of the port is PSA International. It is state-owned and occupies five of the port's six terminals.
The port of Singapore is striking in its scale. Its total area exceeds 600 hectares. The port has 172 harbor cranes and more than fifty container berths. There are approximately 200 trade routes leading to the port.
Largest port in the world
Moreover, this international port cooperates with 123 countries around the world, that is, with approximately 600 ports. According to experts, approximately 7 percent of all container traffic passes through Singapore.
China, Shanghai
China recently became the largest exporter on the planet after Germany. And Shanghai is home to one of the busiest ports in the world, which poses serious competition to Singapore's port. Shanghai is capable of receiving more than 25 million containers per year. The throughput capacity of the Shanghai port is growing exponentially. And this largest port in China brings in billions in profits, not without the help of the operator Shanghai International Port Group.
It is worth noting that Shanghai, which has three times the population of Singapore, does not boast a huge turnover per capita. The volume of transportation is large, but there is only one and a half containers of cargo per resident per year. Nevertheless, this is a decent level, experts say. Provided that twenty years ago the port was not even among the twenty largest and busiest.
China, Hong Kong
And this is already the second largest port in China. His work is controlled by a billionaire named Li Ka Shin. The port is managed by Hutchison Port Holdings, which is the world's largest container operator in 6 of the 9 largest ports on the planet. There are twelve berths in Hong Kong, all of which can handle approximately 21 million containers. With a population of approximately 7 million, there are approximately 3 containers per inhabitant per year.
China, Shenzhen
In terms of congestion, Shenzhen is the second port on the mainland. It is constantly expanding its market share. And this happens thanks to its convenient location. The port is located in southern China, in close proximity to factories and near the Pearl River Delta. The largest port operator is China Merchants Holdings. In a year it can transport and receive more than 18 million containers.
South Korea, Busan
The busiest port in South Korea. The berths annually handle more than 12 million containers of goods. The country's largest container company, Hanjin Shipping, which operates at the pier, expects to significantly increase its throughput.
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The CEO says he plans to achieve this through collaboration with his competitors.
China, Guangzhou
It is the third largest port in the Chinese city, which is located in the Pearl River Delta. Up to 12 million containers are unloaded at the berths every year. The largest operator Guangzhou Port Group operates at the port.
UAE, Dubai
The world's fourth largest terminal operator is DP World. It is controlled by the state holding company Dubai World. And recently she almost went bankrupt.
The business had to be reconstructed due to debts. DP World plans to list its shares on the London Stock Exchange to boost its earnings. By the way, about 12 million containers pass through the port of Dubai per year.
China, Ningbo
Oddly enough, another Chinese port is on the list. Ningbo receives almost 11 million containers in twelve months. The port constantly competes with its larger and nearby rival, Shanghai International Port.
China, Qingdao
This port is constantly lined up with overcrowded ships. As a rule, they are filled to capacity with dry mixtures, since in this place the demand for raw materials is constantly growing. During the year, the port terminals receive and process more than 10 million containers.
Netherlands, Rotterdam
The largest port in Europe. Its capacity is growing year by year. And now it has already reached 10 million containers. This is because operators have established trade relations with Asia. Carriers typically dock with an abundance of iron ore, scrap metal, bulk products and petroleum products.
It is worth noting that the largest ports in the world are constantly gaining and losing their positions. This depends not only on throughput, but also on turnover. For example, at different times the list of the largest and busiest included the port of Los Angeles - Long Beach in the USA, the Belgian port of Antwerp, the port of Hamburg in Germany, the port of Kelang in Malaysia, as well as Laem Chabang in Thailand.
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Seaports are important transport hubs connecting regions, countries and continents. Today, like many centuries ago, maritime transport remains the largest logistics channel. It accounts for more than 70% of the world's cargo turnover. Cars, computers, spare parts, food, clothing and much more are transported across seas and oceans using containers. It is not surprising that the largest port in the world is located in Shanghai, because China is considered the largest producer of everything that can be found on store shelves.
Port giant
Shanghai seaport is located in the western part of the Pacific coast servicing vessels engaged in sea and river transportation. The area of its cargo terminals is more than 3619.6 square meters. km. From here containers are sent to almost all countries of the world. It accounts for more than 20% of China's total cargo turnover carried out by sea. But it was not always so...
Just some 20 years ago, Shanghai was not even among the 20 largest ports in the world. Rotterdam then occupied the leading position. It is located along the Nieuwe Waterwech and Maas rivers off the coast of the North Sea, and its area is about 100 square meters. km. More than 30 thousand units of maritime transport moor here every year. The bulk of the port's cargo turnover consists of oil, ore and coal. Its throughput capacity in 2010 was 430 million tons. From 1962 to 1986, the port of Rotterdam was the largest in the world, but then lost its position. However, it still remains the leader among seaports in Europe.
Crossing six continents
After Rotterdam, global leadership in container shipping passed to Singapore. The population of this small city-state is only 5 million people. If you divide the number of containers passing through the local port by the number of city residents, then there will be 5 of them per person.
The Port of Singapore is located at the intersection of traffic flows of six continents. It is connected to more than 600 ports from at least 100 countries around the world. Until 2009, the transit of containers through the port increased annually, which allowed it to become the largest in the world. However, the global economic crisis affected trade turnover, and in 2010 Singapore was inferior in its performance to the seaport in Shanghai.
Domestic leader
Maritime transport is the most profitable means of economic relations with foreign countries for Russia. It accounts for about 90% of international cargo turnover in the state. The largest port in Russia is located in Novorossiysk (Krasnodar Territory) and is located on the northeastern coast of the Black Sea.
It is the only ice-free deep-water port in the southern basin of Russia. Over the past few years, its cargo turnover has remained in the range of 110-116 million tons per year, which has secured its place in the top five among European seaports.
Below is a list of the world's ten largest ports, based on their annual container throughput.
Port of Rotterdam
The Port of Rotterdam is the largest port in Europe located at the mouths of the Rhine and Meuse rivers in the city of Rotterdam, the Netherlands. From 1962 to 2004 was the busiest port in the world. In 2008, its total cargo traffic was more than 421,000,000 tons. The port of Rotterdam, which has a long history dating back to the 14th century, is almost 40 km long and covers a total area of 105 square kilometers.
Qingdao
The ninth place in the ranking of the largest ports in the world is occupied by the port of Qingdao, located in the Yellow Sea near the city of Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China. It was founded in 1892. As of 2012, the cargo traffic of this port amounted to about 400 million tons.
Jebel Ali
The port of Jebel Ali with a total area of 134 square kilometers is located on the northwestern coast of the United Arab Emirates, 35 kilometers from the city of Dubai. Was built between 1976–1979. It is the busiest port in the Middle East. In 2007, Jebel Ali handled 8,696 vessels with a total capacity of 227,894,526 tons. Capable of receiving ships up to 414 meters in length. In 2011, the port's container turnover amounted to 13,010,000 TEU.
Guangzhou
The Port of Guangzhou is the main seaport of the city of Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. Located at the intersection of three rivers - Xijiang, Beijiang and Dongjiang. Currently it is the largest port in South China. As of 2013, its cargo traffic amounted to 460 million tons.
Busan
The Port of Busan is the largest port in South Korea, located at the mouth of the Nakdong River near the city of Busan. It was founded in 1876. In 2013, the port served 14,306 ships, of which 24.3% had a carrying capacity of more than 50,000 tons. It ranks sixth in the ranking with 13.2 million TEU.
Port of Shenzhen
Shenzhen is one of the fastest growing ports in the world. Located in the Pearl River Delta, near the city of Shenzhen in Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. Includes 140 berths with a total length of 22 km. As of 2010, the container turnover of this port amounted to 22.51 million TEU.
Port of Hong Kong
The Port of Hong Kong is one of the largest cargo ports in the world, specializing in the handling of ISO containers, raw materials (crude oil) and construction materials. Located in the South China Sea. As of 2014, the port of Hong Kong handled 298 million tons of cargo and 22.2 million TEU. This is over 90% of Hong Kong's total cargo turnover. About 350 container ships visit it weekly.
Ningbo-Zhoushan
Third place in the list of the largest ports in the world is occupied by Ningbo-Zhoushan, created as a result of the merger of the ports of Ningbo and Zhoushan on January 1, 2006. Located on the coast of the East China Sea in Zhejiang Province, China. In 2012, the port's cargo turnover amounted to 744,000,000 tons.
Port of Shanghai
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Nowadays, Europe is the leader in the total number of ports (from small to huge). Since it is washed by 9 seas and the Atlantic and Arctic oceans. Currently there are more than nine hundred seaports.
The big advantage of any port is its cargo turnover. Small ones can process only 1 million tons per year, while large ones, which are worth paying attention to, process more than 40 million tons. They are called the largest ports because they play a huge role in the world economy.
The largest seaport in Europe and the world is the Rotterdam fishing bay.
A small part of the history of the world port
Built on the shores of the northern ocean in the Netherlands. It was a small fishing village where fishing flourished. Ordinary fishermen exchanged their catch for the desired group of goods. Over time, jewelry and overseas fruits began to appear in the village, the existence of which many did not even know. Closer to the 19th century, serious changes occurred; industrial buildings, mines, etc. began to be built on a large scale. The history of this village has always been closely connected with the sea, and now it is the largest port in Europe. It could service up to 40 thousand ships per year.
During World War II, little remained of the city. Houses and monuments were destroyed. People from scratch restored and put their city back on its feet with their own efforts.
Now the port of Rotterdam is recognizable by everyone in the Netherlands and throughout Europe
City information
One of the largest cities in the Netherlands, with a huge number of people, it is known for the best educational institutions, amazing views of the river and, of course, unusual buildings. This is how an ordinary village turned into a huge metropolis. The culture of this city is developed, so festivities with dressing up are regularly held.
Rotterdam has one of the largest airports. There are 7 railway stations, one of them is international. Thanks to this, you can travel to the nearest countries of the world in a few hours. But bicycles are not developed here, due to the modern construction of the city. Buses, metro and, of course, sea taxis are more valued here. The weather here is moderate, not cold in winter, about +5 C, and in summer it does not rise above 20 C. A large amount of precipitation falls in the autumn-winter period.
Rotterdam is the first city to open a metro, and there are already 60 stations in the area
Advantages of the Port of Rotterdam
The city of Rotterdam has a developed shipbuilding industry. There is a huge arsenal of various yachts, tugs, taxi ships (in great demand), and lighthouse ships. They amaze with their appearance and originality. The port is located in the heart of the Netherlands and deals with the import and export of goods and raw materials. Which plays a huge role in the life of this port.
The total area of this port is 105 square kilometers and the length is 40 kilometers. Due to its dimensions, it can serve very large vessels, which is something their many competitors cannot afford.
Rotterdam is called the "German port" as it imports all necessary goods into Germany
Attractions
One of the most famous attractions is the high 185 meter tower. You can climb it using an elevator, and there a magnificent picture of the city opens up. And even higher is the 85-meter “Space Tower”. It has transparent walls and a hatch in the floor; you can go down on it, or you can use climbing equipment. It rotates around its axis, its highest point is 185 meters.
There are 19 mills in the city, one of them is a museum, and the 18 others are still inhabited by the ancestors of the millers
The Erasmus Bridge was built in 1996 and is 800 meters high. This is the thinnest drawbridge in the world. Width more than 2 meters. It is made of nickel and chrome steel. The bridge serves as a passage from Rotterdam to the city and the North Sea. A special view opens up at night when its backlight turns on.
In the 20th century, Blom, one of the famous architects, built 3-story buildings. They are built in the form of cubes that connect into one bridge along the street. They have transparent roofs and passersby can enjoy the view.
Cube houses house schools, restaurants, etc.
Other major European ports
Rotterdam is the largest seaport in Europe, but not the only one. Other large port cities are listed below:
- Antwerp (Belgium). Second in Europe, one of the twenty largest ports in the world. The total cargo turnover is about 200 million tons per year.
- Hamburg, Germany). Stretched for 100 km. It was formed in 1189. Cargo turnover is more than 138 million tons per year.
- Novorossiysk (Russia). The largest in the Krasnodar region, the record holder in Russia for the length of the berthing line, reaching 8.3 km. The turnover of maritime cargo transportation is more than 117 million tons per year.
- Amsterdam (Netherlands). Capital of the Netherlands. Connected to the North Sea by the Nords Canal. Cargo turnover is more than 78 million tons per year.
- Marseille (France). A large port complex including East Marseille and several ports in the Gulf of Foz. The turnover of the main port is 110 million tons per year, the Foz region is more than 73 million tons.
- Primorsk (Russia). The largest oil loading port in our country on the Baltic Sea. Freight turnover is more than 64 million tons per year.
- Algeciras (Spain). The largest in the south of Spain, it is one of the ten ports in Europe with a cargo turnover exceeding 50 million tons per year.
- Le Havre (France). The first in the country for the transportation of passengers, the second for the transportation of goods. Cargo turnover exceeds 50 million tons per year (mainly oil).
- Bremen (Germany). Second largest after Hamburg. Cargo turnover is about 50 million tons per year.
For many hundreds of years, Europe was considered the leader in the number of large and small seaports. And this is not surprising, because it is washed by the waters of the Atlantic and Arctic oceans, as well as 9 seas. Currently, there are about 900 sea ports in Foreign Europe.
Classification of seaports
The main indicator of the performance of any seaport is its cargo turnover. There are many ports in Europe with a cargo turnover of 1 million tons per year or more. But those whose data exceeds 50-60 million tons per year are of greatest importance. They are called the world ports of Foreign Europe, since they play a large role in the world economy.
All seaports can be divided into two types:
- Universal - those that accept and process a wide variety of cargo. The majority of such ports are in economically developed countries, and in the coastal countries of Europe, almost all ports are universal.
- Specialized - those that are created specifically for loading a specific product in large quantities. As a rule, such ports are built in developing countries in order to export various raw materials and fuels to world markets. There are also specialized ports in Europe: high-quality timber and timber products are supplied in large volumes from Sweden and Finland.
Rice. 1. The largest port in Europe is Rotterdam.
European countries have a long history and are often visited by tourists who want to experience a unique culture. For these purposes, sea cruises are organized, allowing you not only to visit major cities, but also to enjoy the picturesque seascapes. Thanks to the largest cruise ports in Europe, such trips become very convenient and enjoyable.
Major ports of Foreign Europe
The undisputed leader among European seaports is the Dutch fishing bay of Rotterdam. It is the main seaport of Europe, which is one of the ten largest ports in the world.
Rotterdam was built on the North Sea coast of the Netherlands, and earned its reputation as one of the busiest ports in the world back in 1962. Since then, it has only grown in power, and currently its cargo turnover is about 421 million tons per year.
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The history of this port dates back to the 14th century, when it was first founded. Its dimensions are impressive: the total area of the port is 105 square meters. km, and it is almost 40 km long.
Rice. 2. Port of Rotterdam.
Due to the fact that the port is located at the mouths of the Meuse and Rhine rivers, it is often called the “gateway of Europe”, since slightly less than half of all cargo arriving in this part of the region is processed on its territory. Rotterdam is equipped with special terminals for receiving a wide variety of cargo: flammable materials, minerals, grain, containers.
There are two more leaders in the list of major European ports:
- Hamburg – serves transit vessels of the Czech Republic and Austria.
- Antwerp - serves Belgium, as well as Germany, Luxembourg and the northern regions of France.
Cruise ports in Europe
European cruise ports are located on the coasts of the Black, Mediterranean and Baltic Seas. In fact, such ports are leading megacities that are of great interest to tourists: Hamburg, Rome, Oslo, Barcelona, Lisbon, Copenhagen, Amsterdam.
Rice. 3. Amsterdam Cruise Port.
However, not all European ports are capable of hosting large megaliners. Their list is not that long, and remains unchanged for many years. Another thing is sailing ships and small cruise ships: almost all cruise ports in the Mediterranean and Baltic are open to them.