Is there a library in the zoological museum? Zoological Museum of Moscow State University

The Zoological Museum of Moscow State University is one of the largest natural history museums in Russia and has existed for more than 200 years. In terms of the volume of scientific funds, it is among the first ten largest museums in the world of this profile, and ranks second in Russia. Its scientific collections currently include more than 8 million storage units. Annual

the increase in scientific collections is about 25-30 thousand units. storage The most extensive collections are entomological (about 3 million), mammals (more than 200 thousand) and birds (157 thousand). Of particular scientific importance is the collection of type specimens (about 7 thousand storage units), documenting the discovery of animal taxa new to science - species and subspecies, of which more than 5 thousand have been described based on the museum’s collections throughout its history.

The modern exhibition includes about 7.5 thousand exhibits: two halls are dedicated to the systematic part, one to the evolutionary-morphological part. The concept of systematic exhibition is to demonstrate the taxonomic diversity of the world's fauna. The theme of the evolutionary exhibition is the laws of evolutionary transformation of morphological structures in animals. The exhibition halls and the museum lobby display paintings and drawings by outstanding Russian animal artists (V.A. Vatagin, N.N. Kondakov, etc.). The art collection of the Zoological Museum includes more than 400 drawings and paintings. The scientific library of the Zoo Museum, which includes memorial libraries of many outstanding domestic zoologists, has about 200 thousand items.

The Zoological Museum of Moscow State University is one of the largest research institutions. Its scientific part includes 7 sectors: zoology of invertebrate animals, entomology, ichthyology, herpetology, ornithology, theriology and evolutionary morphology. The main direction of research is the analysis of the structure of taxonomic diversity of the animal world, including systematics, phylogenetics, and faunistics. Work is underway in the field of theoretical taxonomy. Every year, the Zoo Museum publishes works under the general title “Research on Fauna” (by 2001, 42 volumes had been published), and publishes scientific monographs in the “Zoological Research” series. With the support of the museum, scientific journals on zoological topics are published.

Scientific and educational work is carried out by employees of the excursion and exhibition department. Annual visits are more than 150 thousand people and more than 1,500 excursions on various topics. The museum has a biology club for high school students and an educational center called Planetarium. Lecturers are scientists, specialists in the field of biology, history, art and architecture.

Building(s):
The building was built specifically for the Zoological Museum of Moscow University according to the design of the architect K.M. Bykovsky in 1892-1902. The facade is decorated with stucco with a zoological theme.

Phone: (495) 629–44–35, 2629–49–04, 629–41–50

Address: 125009, Moscow, st. B. Nikitskaya, 6.

Directions: From the station. m. "Borovitskaya", "Lenin Library", "Okhotny Ryad", "Arbatskaya"

Opening hours:* Every day from 10.00 to 17.00, except Mondays and the last Tuesday of each month

Internet:

Zoological Museum of Moscow University - official website zmmu.msu.ru

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History of the museum.

Research Zoological Museum of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov traces its ancestry to the Cabinet of Natural History, founded at the Moscow Imperial University in 1791. Initially, the Cabinet was replenished mainly through private donations: among the most significant are the collection of the Semiatic Cabinet of Natural History and the Museum of P.G. Demidova.

Almost all of the university's museum collections were lost in the Moscow fire of 1812; Only a small part of the corals and mollusk shells has survived. In the 20s, a zoological collection was separated from the restored Cabinet, which formed the basis of the museum of the same name, located in the new university classroom building (formerly Pashkov’s house). The principle of organization was systematic, intended to illustrate the natural system of animals. In 1822, the first inventory of the museum's collections was published, which included more than 1 thousand specimens of vertebrates and about 20 thousand specimens of invertebrate animals.

From 1804 to 1832 The museum was headed by the outstanding zoologist G.I. Fischer is a student of K. Linnaeus, the author of the first scientific works on the fauna of Russia. In 1832, he developed a project for organizing the Russian Museum of Natural History in Moscow, modeled on the classical national museums of France, England and Germany. However, this project was not accepted (there is still no museum of this type in Russia).

In 1837-1858 the museum was headed by K.F. Roulier is the founder of the Russian school of ecologists. He paid his main attention to the study of domestic fauna and attached great importance to the collection of serial materials, not only on modern, but also on fossil animals. Thanks to following this concept, by the end of the 50s. the museum has already accumulated more than 65 thousand copies.

Prof. played a major role in the development of the Zoological Museum. A.P. Bogdanov, who led it from 1863 to 1896. During this period, the funds were divided into exhibition, educational and scientific, and systematic accounting work with them began. In 1866, the museum was opened as a public museum; by the end of the century, its exhibition was visited by up to 8,000 people a year.

In 1898-1901, especially for the Zoological Museum, which was headed by prof. A.A. Tikhomirov, according to the project of academician Bykhovsky, a building was erected on the corner of Bolshaya Nikitskaya Street. and Dolgorukovsky (Nikitsky) lane, preserved without structural changes to this day. In 1911, a new systematic exhibition was opened to the public in the Upper Hall.

In the 20s, the building housed the working premises of the Research Institute of Zoology, Plavmornin, and from 1930 - services and divisions of the newly organized Biological Faculty of Moscow University, into the structure of which the museum itself was introduced. During these years (from 1904 to 1930) the museum was headed by prof. G.A.Kozhevnikov. Under him, zoological scientists were formed within the walls of the museum, whose works subsequently received worldwide recognition: specialists in invertebrate animals, Acad. L.A.Zenkevich, prof. Borutsky; entomologists prof. B.B.Roddendorf, prof. E.S. Smirnov; ichthyologist academician L.S. Berg; ornithologists prof. G.P. Dementyev, prof. N.A. Bobrinskaya, prof. N.A.Gladkov; theriologists prof. S.I.Ognev, prof. V.G. Geptner. In 1931, the Zoological Museum was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Museum Department of the People's Commissariat for Education (until 1939) and received the name "Central State Zoological Museum". The volume of scientific funds in the early 40s. reached 1.2 million copies.

In July 1941, all museum halls were closed. Part of the scientific collections was evacuated to Ashgabat, the rest were placed in the Lower Hall. In March 1942, both halls on the second floor were opened to the public, and in 1945, the lower floor was also opened. The evacuated funds were returned in 1943. In the 50s. The main event was the release of the museum building from the services of the Biological Faculty in connection with its move to the new building of Moscow State University on the Lenin Hills, which made it possible to significantly improve the placement of scientific collections.

In the 70-80s. (director O.L. Rossolimo) the museum has undergone a complete reconstruction. By freeing the “wings” of the building occupied by residential premises, the storage area was increased and the exhibition halls were unloaded.

The scientific part of the museum.

The scientific part of the museum currently includes 7 sectors: zoology of invertebrate animals, entomology, ichthyology, herpetology, ornithology, theriology, evolutionary morphology. The number of scientific staff is 26 people. Among them are the world's leading specialists in the taxonomy of individual taxa of shellless and testate mollusks, crustaceans, mites, Coleoptera and Diptera insects, gobiids, and desert rodents. The main direction of research is the analysis of the structure of taxonomic diversity, including systematics, phylogenetics, and faunistics. Developments in the field of theoretical taxonomy are underway. Every year the works of the museum are published under the general title “Research on Fauna” (34 volumes were published), scientific monographs are published (in recent years at least 20, including the fundamental summary “Mammals of Eurasia”), collection catalogs (primarily standard ones, also the Demidov collection mollusks), methodological manuals for their storage. With the support of the museum, 4 scientific journals in the field of zoology are published.

Museum funds.

In terms of the volume of funds, the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University is among the first ten largest museums in the world in this profile, and ranks second in Russia (after the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg). Its scientific collections currently include more than 4.5 million storage units. The annual increase in scientific collections is about 25-30 thousand units. xp, and a significant contribution is made by branch institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences of Problems of Evolution and Ecology, Oceanology, Geography, etc. The most extensive collections are entomological (about 3 million, of which over 1 million are beetles); The collections of mammals (200 thousand) and birds (140 thousand) are very significant. Of the regions, the Palearctic is most fully represented.

Of particular scientific importance is the collection of type specimens (about 7 thousand items), documenting the discovery of animal taxa new to science - species and subspecies, of which more than 5 thousand have been described based on the museum’s collections throughout its history.

Of great historical value are: a collection of mollusk shells that belonged to P.G. Demidov, with whom the Cabinet of Natural History began; G. Fischer's collection of insects, which served as the basis for his famous “Entomography”; a few exhibits of birds and mammals, which in the times of G. Fischer and C. Roulier were demonstrated in classes with students and public lectures (for example, the skull of a mountain gorilla, which has inventory No. 1); fees N.A. Severtsov and A.P. Fedchenko of the second half of the last century, who organized the first systematic studies of the mountainous territories of Central Asia.

Among the more recent acquisitions, the following are of great importance for systematics research: the world-famous collections of beetles V.I. Mochulsky and butterflies A.V. Tsvetaeva; a collection of terrestrial and marine invertebrates collected by Semper at the end of the last century in the Philippines and until recently considered lost; collections of mammals and birds from the Peruvian Amazon, Vietnam, Mongolia; oological collection of Palaearctic birds.

Library.

The museum's scientific library contains about 200 thousand items. mainly specialized publications on zoology. Among the particularly valuable are lifetime editions of the late 18th - early 19th centuries by C. Linnaeus, J.-B. Lamarck, G. Fischer. The attraction of the library is books and prints from the personal collections of zoologists S.I. Ogneva, N.I. Plavilshchikova, G.P. Dementieva and others.

Exposition.

The modern exhibition includes about 7.5 thousand exhibits. The general principle of its construction remains the same: two halls are dedicated to the systematic part, one to the evolutionary-morphological part. The Lower Hall houses invertebrates, fish, amphibians and reptiles. In the Upper Hall there are birds and mammals. The key concept of the systematic exhibition is to demonstrate the taxonomic diversity of the world's fauna. The purpose of the evolutionary exhibition is to demonstrate the operation of the basic laws and rules of macro-evolutionary transformations of morphological structures.

The exhibition displays mainly representatives of mass species. Along with this, there are also unique objects: for example, a complete skeleton of a Steller's cow, a stuffed passenger pigeon (both of these species were exterminated by humans 200 years ago). Among the exhibits that especially attract visitors are two stuffed giant pandas - one of the rarest animals, a collection of very bright and large tropical butterflies and beetles; finally, openwork skeletons of vertebrate animals made about 100 years ago.

The exhibition is based on natural objects: stuffed animals and skeletons of terrestrial vertebrates, complete specimens of fish, amphibians and aquatic invertebrates fixed in alcohol, dried and straightened insects. Elements of the landscape principle are also used: some objects are mounted on imitations of a natural substrate. Natural objects are accompanied by diagrams and texts containing information about the taxonomic position, distribution, features of biology and morphology, and the principles of operation of individual morphological structures.

Many stuffed animals and preparations are decades old. They were made by such outstanding taxidermists as F. Lorenz, and later - V. Fedulov, N. Nazmov, V. Radin.

The museum has an art fund that includes more than 400 drawings and paintings by outstanding Russian animal artists: V.A. Vatagina, A.N. Komarova, N.N. Kondakova, G.E. Nikolsky and others. Some of the paintings are on permanent display.

Working with visitors. Museum for children.

Scientific and educational work on the basis of the exposition is carried out by the excursion and exposition department with 10 employees. Every year, the museum's exposition is visited by 190-200 thousand people, about 1,700 excursions are organized on 15-18 topics.

The educational center "Planetarium" operates on the basis of the lecture hall. Lectures are developed and given by scientific experts in relevant fields of knowledge. Their topics cover biology, history, art, and architecture.

The museum runs a zoological club for high school students. Classes are held on the basis of the museum's stock collections, lectures on the evolution and biology of animals, and field trips.

The museum is open daily except Mondays from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

Address: 103009 Moscow K-9, st. Bolshaya Nikitskaya, 6.
Contact phone: 203-89-23.

The Zoological Museum of Moscow State University today is one of the largest in the Russian capital. It is located on Bolshaya Nikitskaya street, building 2, formerly 6. You can get to the museum from any mini-hotel where travelers are staying by taking the metro to the Library station. Lenin, Okhotny Ryad, Revolution Square. Then no more than 5 minutes on foot.

Facts from the history of the museum

The foundation of the museum dates back to 1791. It was then called the Cabinet of Natural History, which was attached to the Moscow Imperial University. The entire unique fund, divided into educational, exhibition and scientific, was opened to the public only 75 years later. Back in Soviet times, the museum was part of the departments of the Faculty of Biology of Moscow State University. It became an independent research institute after perestroika.

A beautiful building was erected especially for the museum in 1902, according to the design of the talented academician of architecture Mikhail Bykovsky. Its facade is skillfully decorated with stucco with a zoological theme, decorated with chic bas-reliefs, and classical motifs are used. The building became part of a huge architectural complex.

Museum Foundation

The history of the exhibitions began with gifts from scientists, aristocrats traveling around the world, and industrialists. Thanks to the efforts of such talented leaders as Grigory Ivanovich Fischer and Karl Frantsevich Roulier, the Zoological Museum has turned into a serious scientific institution. In terms of the volume of funds at its own disposal, it took second place in the Russian Federation. In addition, it is one of the ten largest zoological museums in the world.

Visitors can get acquainted with various scientific collections, which are equally interesting for both professional specialists in the field of zoology and ordinary nature lovers. The museum collection contains more than 4 million items.

Ornithological exhibitions – over 140 thousand.
Entomological collections – at least 3 million.
Exhibits showcasing the fantastic diversity of the world's fauna - about 7,500.
Collections of mammals – more than 200 thousand.

The basis of the unique exhibition is terrestrial vertebrates, fixed in a special alcohol solution, skillfully made stuffed animals, skeletons, insects, carefully dried and neatly straightened with great care, all types of aquatic animals. Most of the exhibits are several decades old. The art fund contains about 400 paintings and drawings by such talented animal artists as Alexey Komarov, Vasily Vatagin, Georgy Nikolsky.

Variety of exhibitions

The entire Zoological Museum can be divided into 3 components, each of which has a corresponding hall dedicated to it. The ground floor contains the main diversity of representatives of the animal world, ranging from single-celled animals to reptiles. The wall of the huge hall is decorated with a bright schematic map. It allows you to study the evolution of animal development.

The upper hall is entirely occupied by birds and mammals. In addition, while exploring the exhibits located on the second floor, visitors will learn what comparative anatomy is. The exhibitions in the Bone Hall allow you to study in detail the internal structure of vertebrates.

The scientific terrarium is extremely popular with both children and adults. Only here you can hold a real live agama in your hands and feed a chameleon. In addition, a biolecture room is available. By visiting it, the guys will learn a lot of interesting things and get answers to many questions. For example, where does a giraffe get its spots, who lives at the bottom of the oceans, seas, and so on.

Every year, the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University is visited by more than 200 thousand people, about 1,700 educational and exciting excursions are conducted. They are designed for all age categories and are presented in various cycles. You can choose a sightseeing tour, carefully familiarize yourself with the modern theory of evolution, study animals in various natural zones, listen to educational lectures by specialists, collecting a lot of valuable information.

Zoo museum- a department of the university, and from the first days of its existence it was to some extent a teaching aid. In addition, the Faculty of Biology (until 1955) and the various laboratories and departments that preceded it were housed in the same building as the collections, and students could actually become acquainted with animals at the same time as their studies. This, by the way, is where the workshops originated, which still form the basis of special courses in the departments of the Faculty of Biology.

But the museum “worked” not only for students and university staff.

Already from the first years of its history, albeit with interruptions, the museum was open to the public. Without going into statistical calculations, we will only say that the number of visitors in general has been constantly growing, and today approximately 100,000 people visit per year. It's nice to note that most of them are children.
Only modern animals, except for the complete skeleton of a mammoth, “greeting” visitors at the stairs to the second floor. Previously, the museum had a number of fossil remains of animals; now they are in the Paleontological Museum.
Representatives of all groups of animals, from single-celled organisms (mostly, of course, dummies) to birds and mammals.
Our exposure is systematic. The traditional order of arrangement of exhibits, originating from the educational collection, has been preserved. Animals are arranged in a systematic order, type by type, order by order, in accordance with ideas about the degree of their relationship and the course of animal evolution.

The main variety of animals, from single-celled animals to reptiles, is concentrated in, on the first floor of the museum. Above him is , completely occupied birds And mammals. And also on the second floor there is the so-called bone hall, the exhibition of which is dedicated to showing the internal structure of vertebrate animals, using the example of which to illustrate various aspects of the evolution of the structure in this group, so important for humans.

There is an exhibition in the second floor corridor "Zoological Museum in the history of Moscow University: collections and people", dedicated to the history of the museum from its founding in 1791 within the walls of Moscow University to the present day. Here you can look at the exhibits that appeared in the museum under its first director, Fischer von Waldheim; get acquainted with the museum during its heyday under the directorship of A.P. Bogdanov in the second half of the 19th century; follow the complex history of the museum in the 20th century. It is pleasant to note that the exhibition is made up of natural exhibits - witnesses of its time. The historical exhibition will be of interest both to specialists - biologists and museum workers, and to anyone interested in the history of Russian science.

Total 16 photos

Today our turn is the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University. And the emphasis in the topic will not be in terms of the exhibition of this magnificent museum, but as a remarkable architectural object of Old Moscow. The Zoological Museum of Lomonosov Moscow State University has a glorious history. And besides, it was in this museum that Vladimir Ipatievich Persikov, the main character of Mikhail Bulgakov’s science fiction story “Fatal Eggs,” worked. We will not abandon history - and we will also examine this architectural masterpiece both from Bolshaya Nikitskaya and from the courtyard of Moscow State University.

The Research Zoological Museum of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University is one of the largest natural history museums in Russia. In terms of the volume of scientific funds, it is among the first ten largest museums in the world of this profile, and ranks second in Russia. Its scientific collections currently include more than 8 million storage units. The annual increase in scientific collections is about 25-30 thousand units. storage The most extensive collections are entomological (about 3 million), mammals (more than 200 thousand) and birds (157 thousand). The modern exhibition includes about 7.5 thousand exhibits: two halls are dedicated to the systematic part, one to the evolutionary-morphological part. More than 150 thousand people visit the museum every year.
02.

The museum was founded in 1791 as a “cabinet of natural history” at the Imperial Moscow University. Back in 1759, a natural science museum was formed at Moscow University, then called the Mineralogical Cabinet. After biological ones appeared among its exhibits, in 1759 a “cabinet of natural history” was created from them.

In 1802, Pavel Grigorievich Demidov, who had his own natural science museum, which included excellent collections compiled in the three kingdoms of nature (including minerals) and an excellent library, expressed a desire to transfer it to Moscow University and previously contributed 100 thousand rubles to the safe treasury, so that the percentage of the donated amount went to the maintenance of the museum and to the salary of that special professor of the newly formed department of natural history, who would become the custodian of the collections.
03.

Specially invited to Moscow in 1803, G.I. Fischer von Waldheim, in 1804, began organizing and describing the university collections and the P.G. Demidova. He completed the first inventory of the collections in 1806-1807.
04.

In the Moscow fire of 1812, the priceless scientific wealth of the museum was almost completely destroyed. Fischer, who remained in Moscow, managed to save only part of the conchological collection (mollusks). Fischer, having transferred all his personal collections and library to the museum, began to attract many naturalists and private collectors to the active acquisition of new funds and concerns about the restoration of the museum, and already in 1814 the revived museum had 6 thousand items of storage. In the inventory of the collections of the restored museum, published by G.I. Fischer in 1822, there were almost 10 thousand items. The zoological and mineralogical collections were finally separated - even territorially. The revived zoological museum was housed in a wing of the new classroom building. By the early 1830s, G.I. Fischer managed to increase the volume of the collection to 25 thousand items. Initially, the collection served primarily educational purposes. Since 1866, the museum has become publicly accessible. The building on Bolshaya Nikitskaya Street was specially built for the museum according to the design of K. M. Bykovsky (in 1892-1902) in the eclectic style. In the 1930s, the museum was included in the Biological Faculty of Moscow State University.
05.

The Zoological Museum consists of two buildings, placed at right angles along Bolshaya Nikitskaya Street and Nikitsky Lane. At the junction at the corner there is a semi-rotunda the height of the first tier with a portal framed by Tuscan semi-columns. The decorative elements use animalistic and plant motifs.
06.

Now, let's take a look into the courtyard of the Zoological Museum and, at the same time, Moscow State University...
07.

Before us is the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics.
08.

On the right is the building of the Institute of Asian and African Countries.
09.

To the left are the Research Institute and the Department of Normal Physiology.
10.

And this is the building of the Zoological Museum from the courtyard.
11.

The Zoological Institute became the setting for Mikhail Bulgakov’s fantastic story “The Fatal Eggs”. It was here that Professor Persikov invented a certain red ray, which contributed to the rapid development of animal organisms. Reptiles then overran the capital and surrounding areas, and a catastrophe ensued... The story was perceived by contemporaries as a libelous satire on the communist idea: behind Vladimir Ipatievich Persikov the figure of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin was seen, and the red beam was a symbol of the socialist revolution in Russia, which was carried out under the slogan of building a better future , but brought terror and dictatorship.