The relationship between the images of Julie Karagina and Marya Bolkonskaya. · How does Natasha change under the influence of Helen? Psychologism of narration - internal monologue

Women's theme takes important place in the epic novel by L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace” (1863-1869). The work is the writer’s polemical response to supporters women's emancipation. At one of the poles artistic research There are numerous types of high society beauties, hostesses of magnificent salons in St. Petersburg and Moscow - Helen Kuragina, Julie Karagina, Anna Pavlovna Scherer. Cold and apathetic Vera Berg dreams of her own salon...

Secular society is immersed in eternal vanity. In his portrait of the beautiful Helen, Tolstoy draws attention to the “whiteness of the shoulders,” the “gloss of the hair and diamonds,” the “very open chest and back,” and the “unchanging smile.” These details allow the artist to highlight

Inner emptiness, insignificance “great socialite" Place authentic human feelings takes money in luxurious living rooms. The marriage of Helen, who chose the rich Pierre as her husband, is a clear confirmation of this. Tolstoy shows that the behavior of Prince Vasily’s daughter is not a deviation from the norm, but the norm of life of the society to which she belongs. In fact, is Julie Karagina, who, thanks to her wealth, has a sufficient choice of suitors, behave differently? or Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskaya, placing her son in the guard? Even

The bed of the dying Count Bezukhov, Pierre's father, Anna Mikhailovna does not experience

A feeling of compassion, but a fear that Boris will be left without an inheritance.

Tolstoy shows high-society beauties in “ family life" Family, children don't play in their lives significant role. Helen seems funny words Pierre that spouses can and should be bound by feelings of heartfelt affection and love. Countess Bezukhova with

He thinks with disgust about the possibility of having children. With amazing ease she throws

Husband. Helen is a concentrated manifestation of deadening lack of spirituality, emptiness,

Vanity. The insignificance of the life of the “socialite” is fully consistent with the mediocrity of her death.

Excessive emancipation, according to Tolstoy, leads a woman to a misunderstanding own role. In the salons of Helen and Anna Pavlovna Scherer, there are political disputes, judgments about Napoleon, about the situation of the Russian army... Thus, high-society beauties have lost the main features that are inherent a real woman. On the contrary, in the images of Sonya, Princess Marya, and Natasha Rostova, those features that constitute the type of “woman in the full sense” are grouped.

At the same time, Tolstoy does not try to create ideals, but takes life “as it is.” In fact, we will not find in the work “consciously heroic” female characters like Turgenev’s Marianna from the novel “Nov” or Elena Stakhova from “On the Eve”. The very way of creating female images of Tolstoy and Turgenev is also different. Turgenev was a realist at the same time romantic in the depiction of love. Let us remember the ending of the novel “ Noble Nest" Lavretsky visits a remote monastery where Lisa has disappeared. Moving from choir to choir, she passes him with the gait of a nun, “... only the eyelashes of the eye turned to him trembled a little... What did they both think, what did they feel? Who will know? Who's to say? There are such moments in life, such feelings... You can only point to them and pass by.” Need I say that Tolstoy’s favorite heroines are devoid of romantic elation? Women's spirituality is not about intellectual life, not in the passion of Anna Pavlovna Scherer, Helen Kuragina, Julie Karagina for political and other “male issues”, but exclusively in the ability to love, in devotion to the family hearth. Daughter, sister, wife, mother - these are the main situations in life in which the character of Tolstoy’s favorite heroines is revealed. This conclusion may be questionable upon a superficial reading of the novel. Indeed, we see the patriotism of Princess Marya and Natasha Rostova during the French invasion, we see the reluctance of Marya Volkonskaya to take advantage of

The patronage of the French general and the impossibility for Natasha to stay in Moscow

Under the French. However, the connection between female images and the image of war in the novel is more complex; it is not limited to the patriotism of the best Russian women. Tolstoy shows what was needed historical movement millions of people so that the heroes of the novel - Marya Volkonskaya and Nikolai Rostov, Natasha Rostova and Pierre Bezukhov - could find a way to each other.

Tolstoy's favorite heroines live with their hearts, not their minds. All of Sonya's best, cherished memories are associated with Nikolai Rostov: common childhood games and pranks, Christmastide with fortune telling and mummers, Nikolai's love impulse, the first kiss... Sonya remains faithful to her beloved, rejecting Dolokhov's proposal. She loves

Resignedly, but she is unable to give up her love. And after Nikolai's marriage

Sonya, of course, continues to love him. Marya Volkonskaya with her gospel

Humility is especially close to Tolstoy. And yet it is her image that personifies triumph

Natural human needs over asceticism. The princess secretly dreams of

Marriage, about your own family, about children. Her love for Nikolai Rostov is high,

Spiritual feeling. In the epilogue of the novel, Tolstoy paints pictures of the family happiness of the Rostovs, emphasizing that it was in the family that Princess Marya found true meaning life.

Love is the essence of Natasha Rostova's life. Young Natasha loves everyone: the uncomplaining Sonya, and her mother-countess, and her father, and Nikolai Petya, and Boris Drubetsky. The rapprochement and then separation from Prince Andrei, who proposed to her, makes Natasha suffer internally. An excess of life and inexperience are the source of mistakes and rash actions of the heroine; the story with Anatoly Kuragin is proof of this.

Love for Prince Andrei awakens with renewed vigor in Natasha after leaving Moscow with a convoy, which includes the wounded Bolkonsky. The death of Prince Andrei deprives Natasha’s life of meaning, but the news of Petya’s death forces the heroine to overcome her own grief in order to keep her old mother from insane despair. Natasha “thought that her life was over. But suddenly love for her mother showed her that the essence of her life - love - was still alive in her. Love woke up and life woke up.”

After marriage, Natasha refuses social life, from “all its charms” and

Gives himself completely family life. Mutual understanding between spouses is based on the ability “to understand and communicate each other’s thoughts with extraordinary clarity and speed, in a way contrary to all the rules of logic.” This is the ideal of family happiness. This is Tolstoy’s ideal of “peace.”

It seems to me that Tolstoy’s thoughts about the true purpose of a woman are not outdated today. Of course, a significant role in today's life is played by people who devote themselves

Political, social or professional activity. But still, many of our contemporaries chose Tolstoy’s favorite heroines for themselves. And is it really so little to love and be loved?!
IN famous novel L.N. Tolstoy depicts many human destinies, different

Characters, good and bad. It is the opposition of good and evil, morality and recklessness that lies at the heart of Tolstoy’s novel. At the center of the story are the fates of the writer’s favorite heroes - Pierre Bezukhov and Andrei Bolkonsky, Natasha Rostova and Marya Volkonskaya. All of them are united by a sense of goodness and beauty, they are looking for their way in the world, striving for happiness and love.

But, of course, women have their own special purpose, given by nature itself; she is, first of all, a mother, a wife. For Tolstoy this is indisputable. The world of family is the basis human society, and the owner of it is a woman. The images of women in the novel are revealed and evaluated by the author using his favorite technique - the contrast between internal and external image person.

We see the ugliness of Princess Marya, but “beautiful, radiant eyes” illuminate this face amazing light. Having fallen in love with Nikolai Rostov, the princess at the moment of meeting him

She transforms so that Mademoiselle Bourrien almost does not recognize her: “chest, feminine notes” appear in her voice, and grace and dignity appear in her movements. “For the first time, all that pure spiritual work with which she had lived until now came out” and made the heroine’s face beautiful.

No special attraction appearance We don’t notice it in Natasha Rostova either. Eternally changeable, on the move, responding violently to everything that happens around Natasha can “loose her big mouth, becoming completely bad”, “roar like a child”, “only because Sonya was a jackal”, she can grow old and change unrecognizably from grief after Andrey's death. It is precisely this kind of life variability in Natasha that Tolstoy likes because her appearance is a reflection

The richest world of her feelings.

Unlike Tolstoy's favorite heroines - Natasha Rostova and Princess Marya, Helen is

Embodiment external beauty and at the same time strange stillness, fossilization.

Tolstoy constantly mentions her “monotonous,” “unchanging” smile and “antique beauty of her body.” She resembles a beautiful but soulless statue. It is not for nothing that the author does not mention her eyes at all, which, on the contrary, in positive heroines always attract our attention. Helen is good in appearance, but she is the personification of immorality and depravity. For the beautiful Helen, marriage is the path to enrichment. She cheats on her husband constantly, the animal nature prevails in her nature. Pierre, her husband, is struck by her inner rudeness. Helen is childless. "I'm not such a fool as to have children,"

She utters blasphemous words. Without being divorced, she solves the problem by

Who should she marry, unable to choose one of her two suitors. Mysterious

Helen's death is due to the fact that she became entangled in her own intrigues. Such is this heroine, her attitude to the sacrament of marriage, to the responsibilities of a woman. But for Tolstoy,

This is the most important thing in assessing the heroines of a novel.

Princess Marya and Natasha become wonderful wives. Not everything is available to Natasha

Pierre's intellectual life, but with her soul she understands his actions, helps her husband in

Everyone. Princess Marya captivates Nicholas with spiritual wealth, which is not given to his simple nature. Under the influence of his wife, his unbridled temper softens, for the first time he realizes his rudeness towards men. Marya does not understand Nikolai's economic worries, she is even jealous of her husband. But the harmony of family life lies in the fact that husband and wife seem to complement and enrich each other and form one whole. Temporary misunderstandings and mild conflicts are resolved here through reconciliation.

Marya and Natasha are wonderful mothers, but Natasha is more concerned about the health of the children (Tolstoy shows how she deals youngest son), Marya amazingly penetrates into the child’s character, takes care of the spiritual and moral education. We see that the heroines are similar in the main, most valuable qualities for the author - they are given the ability to subtly feel the mood of loved ones, to share other people's grief, they selflessly love their family. Very important quality Natasha and Marya are natural, artless. They are not able to play a role, they do not depend on

Prying eyes may violate etiquette. At her first ball Natasha

It stands out precisely for its spontaneity and sincerity in the expression of feelings. Princess

Marya, at the decisive moment of her relationship with Nikolai Rostov, forgets what she wanted

Be aloof and polite. She sits, thinking bitterly, then cries, and Nikolai, sympathizing with her, goes beyond the scope of small talk. As always with Tolstoy,

Ultimately, everything is decided by a look that expresses feelings more freely than words: “and the distant,

The impossible suddenly became close, possible and inevitable."

In his novel "War and Peace" the writer conveys to us his love for life, which appears in all its charm and completeness. And, considering female images novel, we are once again convinced of this.

Target: reveal depth and originality inner life heroes.

Tasks:

educational - synthesis and deepening of knowledge about the images of the characters in the novel;
developmental – develop thinking skills;
educating - to cultivate the desire to know oneself, love for literature and the art of words.

Types of work with students:

group
collective
individual.

Lesson equipment: screen, computer, projector, presentations, film fragments, novel texts, portrait of a writer.

During the classes

The essence of her life is love...
L.N. Tolstoy.

I.Organizational moment

(checking readiness for the lesson).

II. Teacher's word.

Every person is a diamond who can purify or not purify himself. To the extent that it is purified, eternal light shines through it. Therefore, a person’s job is not to try to shine, but to try to purify himself...

L. N. Tolstoy.

We can correlate these words with the heroes of the novel “War and Peace”, with the best of them. Their purity moral character manifests itself in everything: both in family life and in everyday life.

Let's remember the topic of the previous lesson: “Life landed nobility" Currently at the implementation stage homework we will listen to the band perform. And you guys, write down the most character traits Rostov family.

III. Implementation of homework.

Conversation (speech in groups).

A) Tell us what aspects of the Rostovs’ life Tolstoy portrays in Part IV, Vol. II? What is the main thing Tolstoy emphasizes in the life of the landed nobility?

What does this great word “love” mean?

To do this, look carefully at the screen.

“Love” is a feeling of selfless, heartfelt affection.

We find this interpretation in the “Dictionary of the Russian Language” by S.I. Ozhegova.

“Love” is the state of a lover, passion, affection.

And we see this in “ Explanatory dictionary" IN AND. Dalia.

Let's follow the development of a great feeling among our heroes.

Students list scenes of hunting, Christmas entertainment, a trip to their uncle, scenes of his singing and Natasha’s dancing, and the Rostovs’ home way of life. Their family still has cordiality, cordiality, sensitivity, naturalness, hospitality, and purity of moral character. In all scenes, Tolstoy emphasizes the closeness of the local nobility to nature and to the common people. This is what allows Tolstoy to see positive heroes in Rostov.

The hunting scene reflects the theme of “man and nature”; the author interestingly shows the similarities in the behavior of people and animals (“the hunter Danila gallops towards the notch just like Karai (the dog) – across the path of the beast, choosing the only right direction).

The scenes in the uncle's house are important for understanding the characters. Their uncle’s singing and Natasha’s dancing reveal their closeness to the people, their understanding of the Russian spirit and character (but not as an understanding of the needs of the people) - “Where, how, when did this countess suck into herself from that Russian air that she breathed. .-... and in the aunt, and in the mother, in every Russian person.” “Uncle sang the way the people sing...” Tolstoy solves the problem: is mutual understanding possible between different layers society (“peace”, “harmony” between them) - and answers that it is possible. “How nice he is, uncle!” - Nikolai Rostov says about him. Tolstoy repeats the words more than once: harmony, charm, happiness, good, excellent. That’s why Natasha is happy because she felt her closeness with the people. “You know,” she suddenly said, “I know that I will never be as happy, as calm as I am now.”

B) Another topic, the resolution of which is included in Volume II, is the depiction of the heroes’ love.

Not only the main characters: Andrei, Pierre, Natasha - experience a feeling of love at this time, but also minor characters: Dolokhov, Denisov, Nikolai Rostov, Sonya, Berg, B. Drubetskoy and others. Without love there is no life.

- Does Helen have a “heart” (in Tolstoy’s understanding)?

Helen Kuragina has never loved anyone, her heart is dead. She doesn’t just get carried away and make mistakes, moving from admirer to admirer, but this is her conscious line of behavior. That is why depravity and evil appear, because she has no shame, but only base instincts. In the novel, Napoleon says about her: “This is a beautiful animal.” The baseness of her behavior with Pierre, her connection with Dolokhov and B. Drubetsky, her ugly role in the story with Natasha and Anatole, her attempt to marry two husbands at once while Pierre was alive - everything creates the image of a depraved and calculating social beauty. “Where you are, there is depravity, evil,” Pierre said about her, and this exhausts her characterization. Remember the words Pierre said to Anatole: “Oh, vile, heartless breed!”

- Berg and Vera Rostova. Does Berg love Vera?

It’s not a matter of material calculation (Berg could have found a bride even richer) and not only a desire to become related to the counts. Berg loves Vera in his own way, because he finds in her kindred spirit. “And I love her... - which completely personified his dreams of happiness.” The love of these heroes does not elevate them, it also does not come from the heart, because Berg does not have a heart, or he has it as neat and dry as he himself.

- Tell us what guided B. Drubetsky’s relationship with Julie Kuragina.

Related to this turn of the theme of love in the novel is the story of B. Drubetsky’s marriage, using the example of which the author once again emphasizes the falseness and self-interest in the relationships of people of the world. Tolstoy shows what motivates people high society, entering into marriages (Nizhny Novgorod forests, Penza estates, not love).

- What is the charm of the pages dedicated to the beginning of the love of Natasha Rostova and Prince Andrei?

The charm of this love is created by its moral purity. Prince Andrei was attracted to Natasha by her poetry, her fullness of life, purity, and spontaneity. The desire for happiness inherent in her awakens the strength of other people. Her singing gives Prince Andrei pleasure; he is amazed by Natasha’s sensitivity, ability to guess someone else’s mood, and understand everything perfectly. And Natasha fell in love with Prince Andrey, felt him inner strength, nobility. The words of Prince Andrei: “The whole world is divided for me into two halves: one is she, and there is all the happiness, hope, light; the other half is everything where she is not there, everything is dull and dark there...” and Natasha’s: “... but this has never happened to me” - they convince of the strength and seriousness of their feelings.

- How does Tolstoy describe the emergence and development of this love?

Ball scene. We feel Natasha’s subtlest emotions. When Prince Andrei invited Natasha, her smile seemed to tell him: “I’ve been waiting for you for a long time.”

The arrival of Prince Andrei to the Rostovs’ house after the ball is full of poetry, the way he listens to Natasha singing and answers the question of whether he likes her singing. “It never even occurred to him that he was in love with Rostova,” but “his whole life seemed to him in a new light.”

The carefully tender expression on Prince Andrei’s face and bright light Natasha’s inner fire at the evening at the Bergs’ – a new step in this love. Their explanation, conversations, Prince Andrei’s departure - all this is remembered. The author follows all the shades of thoughts and feelings of his characters.

- Natasha's betrayal. How do you explain and evaluate this act?

The power of Natasha’s own repentance is great, the moral consequences of her betrayal for her and others are grave, the grief that she caused to Prince Andrei is great, but Natasha’s passion for Anatole does not come from the depravity of her nature, but from her youth, overcrowding with life and inexperience. For her, this is not a habitual line of behavior, as for Helen, but a mistake that she will soon understand, but will not soon forgive herself.

- What place does love occupy in the characters’ lives?

Prince Vasily Kuragin is one of the significant characters in the epic novel War and Peace. His family, soulless and rude, arrogant and acting recklessly when there is an opportunity to get rich, is contrasted with the delicate and kind-hearted Rostov family and the intellectual Bolkonsky family. Vasily Kuragin lives not by thoughts, but rather by instincts.

He, meeting influential person, tries to get close to him, and this happens automatically for him.

Appearance of Prince Vasily Sergeevich

We first meet him in Anna Pavlovna’s salon, where all the intellectuals and what a wretched color of St. Petersburg gather for inspection. While no one has arrived yet, he has useful and confidential conversations with the aging forty-year-old “enthusiast”. Important and official, holding his head high, he arrived in a court uniform with stars (he managed to receive awards without doing anything useful for the country). Vasily Kuragin is bald, perfumed, sedate and, even despite his sixty years, graceful.

His movements are always free and familiar. Nothing can throw him out of balance. Vasily Kuragin has grown old, having spent his whole life in society, and has brilliant self-control. His flat face is covered with wrinkles. All this becomes known from the first chapter of the first part of the novel.

The Prince's concerns

He has three children whom he loves little. In the same chapter he himself says that he has no parental love to children, but he considers it his big task to provide them with a good place in life.

In a conversation with Anna Pavlovna, he seems to inadvertently ask who is destined for the position of first secretary in Vienna. This is his main purpose for visiting Scherer. He needs to find a warm place for his stupid son Hippolyte. But, by the way, he agrees that Anna Pavlovna will try to match his dissolute son Anatole with the rich and noble Maria Bolkonskaya, who lives with her father on the estate. Vasily Kuragin received at least one benefit from this evening, since he was not used to spending time that was useless for himself. And in general, he knows how to use people. He is always attracted to those who stand above him, and the prince has a rare gift - to seize the moment when he can and should take advantage of people.

The prince's disgusting actions

In the first part, starting with chapter XVIII, Vasily Kuragin tries, having arrived in Moscow, to take possession of Pierre’s inheritance by destroying his father’s will. Julie Karagina wrote in more or less detail about this ugly story of Maria Bolkonskaya in a letter. Having received nothing and having played a “disgusting role,” as Julie put it, Prince Vasily Kuragin left for St. Petersburg, embarrassed. But he did not remain in this state for long.

He seemed to absentmindedly make efforts to bring Pierre closer to his daughter, and successfully completed this matter with a wedding. Pierre's money should serve the prince's family. This is how it should be, according to Prince Vasily. The attempt to marry the rake Anatole to the unrequited, ugly princess Marya also cannot be called a worthy act: he only cares about the rich dowry that his son might receive. But his such immoral family is degenerating. Hippolyte is just a fool whom no one takes seriously. Helen is dying. Anatole, having undergone leg amputation, is unknown whether he will survive or not.

Kuragin's character

He is self-confident, empty, and mockery always shines through in the tone of his voice behind the decency and participation. He always tries to get close to people high position. So, for example, everyone knows that he is in good relations with Kutuzov, and they turn to him for help in placing their sons as adjutants. But he was used to refusing everyone, so that at the right moment, and we have already talked about this, he could take advantage of the favors only for himself. These small lines, scattered throughout the text of the novel, describe a socialite - Vasily Kuragin. L. Tolstoy’s characterization of him is very unflattering, and with its help the author describes elite generally.

Vasily Kuragin appears before us as a great intriguer, accustomed to living in thoughts about career, money and profit. “War and Peace” (moreover, peace in Tolstoy’s time was written through the unusual letter i and meant not only peace as the absence of war, but also, in to a greater extent, the universe, and there was no direct antithesis in this title) - a work in which the prince is shown against the backdrop of high society receptions and in his home, where there is no warmth and cordial relationships. The epic novel contains monumental pictures of life and hundreds of characters, one of which is Prince Kuragin.

Julie Karagina plays minor role in the epic novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace".

Since in this novel There are two families - the Karagins and the Kuragins, then you can very easily get confused in them. The Karagin family is Julie Karagina herself and her mother. The reader learns that they are very rich and live in Moscow. Julie is a friend of Princess Marya. She used to have brothers, but in 1811 they died on the battlefield.

The Kuragins are presented in the novel as the head of the family - Prince Vasily - and his children: Helen, Hippolyte and Anatole.

At the beginning of the book - 1805 - Julie is 20-21 years old. She is not particularly attractive, she has a round red face, wet eyes and a chin that digs into her eyes. She carefully follows fashion, dressing herself only in new items. However, very long time in the novel she cannot get married, so in society, behind her back, she is called the “old bride.” The princess strives to get married as soon as possible, so she often goes to various theaters and balls to find at least someone of the male sex. She wants to show herself as a patriotic girl by saying something about the French.

After the death of her brothers, the girl becomes one of the richest brides in Moscow. She is very unnatural, naive and stupid. Because of the princess's wealth, Rostov's mother was ready to persuade her son to marry her, since the family was in a bad situation. Julie herself likes Rostov, but she understands perfectly well that because of the age difference there will be nothing but friendship. Nikolai does not love her and the very idea of “marriage for money” disgusts him.

And soon, his ex best friend- Boris Drubetskoy begins to look after her. This happens because of money, since the girl herself is disgusting to him, he does not love her. Julie understands this perfectly, but does not show it. As a result, Boris marries her and a magnificent wedding takes place. The girl is now Princess Drubetskaya. But her husband does not intend to see her often.

Julie was also a member friendly relations with Princess Marya Bolkonskaya. They were closest friends from the early age. However, throughout their lives, their friendship began to crumble little by little. As people, they had changed since childhood, and now had virtually nothing in common in conversation. Julie seemed like a stranger to Marie. And she, in turn, did not enjoy their meetings as she had before.

This character was shown to the reader as a girl who is ready to marry anyone, and they want to marry her only for money. But in the end, she never receives love itself from her husband.