Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin. Zhilin and Kostylin: different destinies

Zhilin and Kostylin different destinies essay grade 5

Plan

1. Briefly about the work.

2.1. Life in captivity.

2.2. The escape.

3. My favorite hero.

L.N. Tolstoy wrote his story Prisoner of the Caucasus in 1872 and dedicated it to the events of the Caucasian War. In the work, using the example of two people, he described the difficult life in Tatar captivity and the military valor of a Russian prisoner.

Zhilin and Kostylin are different characters both in character and in their way of thinking. But one day they found themselves on the same road. During his captivity, Zhilin behaved like a hero, fought back and tried to escape. But Kostylin, on the contrary, chickened out and, having a loaded gun and a war horse, not only did he not protect his comrade, he even failed to escape himself!

It is remarkable how both of these officers, being in the same circumstances, behaved differently. Zhilin invariably relied only on himself, constantly looked for opportunities to escape, and always behaved correctly. For example, he did a good job - he made dolls from clay and distributed them to local children, repaired things and treated the sick. In this way he won the respect and sympathy of the Tatars.

Kostylin, on the contrary, behaved passively and cowardly. He, complaining about his fate, constantly lay in the barn, relaxing physically and mentally. He didn’t strive for anything, didn’t want to fight, was afraid of everything and was lazy. Both comrades reacted differently to the possibility of ransom. Zhilin did not want his elderly mother to pay an exorbitant fee for him, so he bargained up to five hundred rubles for his freedom, and even then he deliberately sent the letter to the wrong address. Kostylin, on the contrary, was glad that he could shift the responsibility for his release onto someone else and inactively began to wait for the ransom from the house.

During his first escape, Zhilin showed himself to be a persistent and courageous man. Overcoming the pain in his legs from the hard pads, he patiently endured all obstacles, purposefully walked forward, hoping for the best. His comrade in misfortune, on the contrary, whined all the way, complained and wanted to go back into captivity, and subsequently he became so weak that Zhilin was forced to drag his comrade on himself. This act showed all the most beautiful traits of a man - kindness, self-sacrifice, readiness to help.

After returning to the Tatars, Zhilin did not stop losing hope of escape. Despite the terrible conditions in which the captives found themselves, Ivan continued to act, take initiative, and fight. His optimistic spirit and cheerful attitude, his unquenchable energy and determination greatly influenced the result. Zhilin's warmth and pleasant manners prompted the owner's daughter Dina to help him escape. Taking risks, the girl helped the prisoner escape and even escorted him outside the village.

Zhilin happily reached his own, and Kostylin, refusing to escape again, spent another month in captivity. He, half dead and weak, was released as soon as the ransom arrived. Of course, I am delighted with the main character Zhilin. He is a fearless and courageous person, confident in himself and his abilities, positive and cheerful. He was able to change his circumstances, he was able to cope with a seemingly incredibly difficult problem, he was able to get out of a difficult situation with dignity. You can learn a lot from this man, for example, how to be an optimist in difficult circumstances, how to become a good friend, how to behave correctly in an unusual environment.

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Caucasian prisoner essay according to plan 5th grade 1st option Plan 1. Zhilin and Kostylin 2. Characteristics of prisoners of war 3. My opinion L.N. Tolstoy is a great Russian writer. The heroes of his story “Prisoner of the Caucasus”: Zhilin and Kostylin.

Plan 1. Introduction 2. Circumstances of captivity 3. Behavior in captivity 4. Escape 5. Behavior after the escape 6. Conclusions Kostylin is one of the main characters in L. N. Tolstoy’s story “Prisoner of the Caucasus”. He is the complete opposite of Zhilin.

Lesson type: lesson to consolidate the material covered.

Lesson objectives:

Special:

1. Cognitive: 1) Talk about how to prepare for an essay based on the material covered in previous lessons. 2) Show the differences in the characters of the story by L.N. Tolstoy "Prisoner of the Caucasus".

2. Educational: 1)Formation of comparative analysis skills and the ability to apply them in practice.

General subject:

1) Develop critical thinking, the ability to compare characters;

2) To cultivate attention to the word and the characteristics of the characters against the background of the development of the plot during the reading process.

Equipment:

1) Textbook-reader (“Literature. 5th grade. In 2 hours. Part 2” / V.Ya Korovina, M., 2010);

2) Lesson planning in literature: 5th grade. To the textbook by V. Ya Korovina “Literature: 5th grade”. Eremina O.A., M., 2009.

During the classes:

1. Organizing time:

U:Today in class we will be preparing for a home essay on the topic “Zhilin and Kostylin - two different characters, two different destinies” based on the story by L. Tolstoy “Prisoner of the Caucasus,” which we read together in the last lesson. Your homework was to prepare a retelling and answer questions about the text.

2. Conversation on questions:

U:How do the surnames of the two main characters of L. Tolstoy’s story speak about their characters?

D:Zhilin in the explanatory dictionary from “vein” - a strong end of muscles, sinewy, two-core - strong, elastic. Kostylin from “crutch” - a stick for the lame, powerless. Surnames indicate the difference in the characters’ characters.

U:Through whose eyes do we see pictures of the village and the life of the mountaineers and why?

D:Through Zhilin’s eyes, he was interested in everything, because from the first minute of being in captivity, he was thinking about escape. Kostylin was still lying there.

U:Is it fair to say about Zhilin that he is a “dzhigit”, and about Kostylin that he is “meek”?

D:Zhilin is brave, he argues with the Tatars, bargains with them, sets his own conditions for them. Kostylin agrees to everything: give a ransom of 5 thousand, live in a barn...

U:Why did people from other villages begin to come to Zhilin?

D:He was mistaken for a doctor and was considered a jack of all trades.

U:Select verbs from the text that characterize the behavior of Zhilin and Kostylin.

D:Zhilin: walks, looks out, does needlework, digs. Kostylin: writing, waiting, bored, sleeping.

U:What interesting things can you find in the life of Zhilin and Kostylin?

D:Zhilin communicates with local residents, observes their customs, and keeps looking out for his fortress. Kostylin is not interested in anything, he is only waiting for me to send a ransom for him.

U:What conclusion can we draw from the comparison of the two heroes?

D:Zhilin does not sit idly by, he tries to escape, Kostylin does not even think about escaping, hoping for help from his relatives.

3. Expressive reading of chapter 5.

4. Workshop - work in pairs:

U:From the chapter, select verbal descriptions of the actions of both characters.

D:Zhilin (1) - He dug a hole, marks it by the stars, examines it, crawled to the road, carries Kostylin on himself.

Kostylin (2) - He caught a stone with his foot, Complains, whines, is afraid of everything, grunts, groans, lags behind.

U:Why did Kostylin turn out to be not Zhilin’s assistant, but his burden? Did you expect this in advance, how the two heroes would behave when escaping?

D:Kostylin is weak, he has no willpower or patience. How the heroes would behave during their escape was clear from their behavior in captivity.

U:Name the qualities of each of the heroes.

D:Zhilin: courageous, resourceful, persistent, active. Kostylin: indecisive, cowardly, selfish.

U:Let's draw conclusions: Why do heroes behave differently in the same situations?

D:It depends on their characters.

U:Tell us about the friendship between Dina and Zhilin. What did Tolstoy mean by this?

D:Chechen children treat Russians with curiosity, not hostility. The feeling of enmity is not innate. Zhilin respects Dina’s courage and kindness. The author wants to say that enmity between peoples is meaningless, friendship between people is the norm of human communication.

5. Drawing up a comparative table.

Quality	Zhilin	Kostylin
Appearance	“And although Zhilin was not very tall, he was brave.”	“And Kostylin is an overweight, fat man, all red, and the sweat just pours from him.”
Attitude towards the horse	“Mother, take it out, don’t catch it with your foot.”	“The whip fry the horse, now from one side, now from the other.”
Behavior in captivity	“He thinks: “I’ll leave.” And he’s trying everything out, trying to figure out how to escape. He walks around the village whistling, or sits and does some handicraft.”	“Kostylin wrote home again, he was still waiting for the money to be sent and was bored. He sits in the barn all day long and counts the days until the letter arrives; or sleeping."
The attitude of the Tatars towards captives

Zhilin and Kostylin are the main characters of the story “Prisoner of the Caucasus” by L. N. Tolstoy.

Theme of the story

During the war in the Caucasus (Russians are fighting with the mountaineers for territory), two Russian officers, Zhilin and Kostylin, go home on vacation. Along the way, the heroes are captured by the Tatars; They ask for a ransom for them. Zhilin, not wanting to ask his old mother for money, plans to escape, but due to Kostylin’s slowness the idea fails. Then the officer tries to escape again, and this time luck smiles on him - he escapes. And Kostylin is rescued from captivity by ransom only a month later.

How officers Zhilin and Kostylin behave in captivity

Kostylin is a plump and obese man. Throughout the entire time he is in captivity, all he does is sleep and count the time until the ransom. At the same time, Kostylin does not hesitate to ask the family for a huge ransom (5,000 rubles). The main thing for him is that he be rescued as quickly as possible and that he finds himself again in convenient and comfortable conditions.

Zhilin behaves exactly the opposite. He refuses to write a letter to his mother asking for a ransom, because he doesn’t want her to worry about him and give away the last thing she has. When the Tatars force Zhilin to write this letter, he writes, but the address is obviously incorrect. The officer decides for himself: either he gets out of captivity on his own, or he will have to die or remain there for the rest of his life. In order to escape, Zhilin begins to dig.

In addition, while in captivity, Zhilin is engaged in various useful activities, thereby earning the attention and respect of the local Tatars.

For example, it differs in that:

makes clay dolls for local children;
repairs his Tatar owner's stopped watch;
repairs guns and other paraphernalia of local residents.

And even during the escape, Zhilin stands until the last, holds on with all his might, and does not abandon Kostylin, although he lets his comrade down several times and does not want to pull himself together for the sake of their common salvation.

Thanks to his perseverance and strong-willed qualities, Zhilin still manages to escape from captivity.

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I read a very interesting story by L. Tolstoy “Prisoner of the Caucasus”. It tells about the war between the Russians and the highlanders.

The main characters of the work are Zhilin and Kostylin. They were Russian soldiers captured by the Tatars. During the attack of the invaders, Zhilin shouted to Kostylin to get his gun, but Kostylin rode away on horseback from his comrade. This characterizes Kostylin as a cowardly person capable of betrayal. When the soldiers were captured, Zhilin kept in touch with the Tatar girl Dina, who felt sorry for him. The hero was kind to her and gave her homemade clay toys.

Zhilin tried to get to know the area better in order to escape. Kostylin was inactive in captivity: he only lay and ate. He did not even try to escape from the Tatars, did not help Zhilin develop an escape plan. Kostylin thought that they would soon be redeemed from captivity.

During the first escape, the prisoners were unable to escape because Kostylin’s scream gave them away. Because of this, Zhilin did not want to take Kostylin with him, but he considered it cruel to a person who was in trouble just like him. I believe that Zhilin did the right thing by taking Kostylin with him. In this episode, the author seems to want to say: “Betrayal is abandoning a comrade in trouble.” During the second escape, Zhilin escaped alone, but Dina helped him.

Kostylin's character was much different from Zhilin's character. Zhilin was quick-witted, intelligent, and much stronger in character than Kostylin. The name itself speaks about this. Kostylin was afraid of the Tatars and wrote a letter home to be ransomed for a very large sum. He did not rely on himself at all, was lazy and did not even try to save his life. Zhilin did not despair and tried to find a way out of the difficult situation. Kostylin did nothing and waited until he was ransomed.

The difference in the characters' characters influenced their destinies in such a way that Zhilin was freed much earlier than Kostylin. It follows from this that Kostylin was the opposite of Zhilin, which is what the author was trying to say. I support Zhilin, because he knew that there weren’t even five hundred rubles at home, and his mother was dying of old age, and he specifically indicated the wrong address on the letter so that it would not reach. This emphasizes Zhilin’s ability to take care of loved ones.

I really liked L. Tolstoy's story. he teaches to be cheerful, not to lose hope, to find a way out of a difficult situation, and not to be lazy, like Kostylin.

L.N. Tolstoy, in his work “Prisoner of the Caucasus,” wrote about those people who participated in the Russian-Caucasian war. This narrative is based on actual events that happened to the author himself and his colleagues in the service.

The main characters here are Russian officers who served in one of the garrisons, these are Zhilin and Kostylin. Having read their surnames, you involuntarily notice the consonance of the endings of their surnames. The meanings of their surnames are closer to opposites. The first is closer in meaning to the word “vein,” and the second means “crutch.” And the appearance of the characters is also the opposite. “Although Zhilin is not very tall, he is brave.” But Kostylin is overweight, awkward and fat.

(Kostylin)

Their behavior also corresponds to their surnames. Let us remember how these officers behaved when the Tatars attacked the convoy. Zhilin “grabbed his saber” and rushed towards the Tatars and entered into battle with them. The Tatars wounded Zhilin's horse and were able to take the officer prisoner.

Kostylin had a gun, but as soon as he saw the Tatar warriors, he immediately fled and rushed to the fortress, abandoning Zhilin. But the treacherous flight did not save Kostylin.

(Zhilin)

In captivity, these people also behaved each in their own way. When their owner Abdul-Murat told the young people that they would be released only when their relatives paid 5 thousand rubles for each, Kostylin immediately obediently wrote a letter to his relatives and waited for the required amount from his relatives. Zhilin only agreed to write a request to send only 500 rubles to him. He wrote the letter to an address other than his own, out of concern for his mother’s health. He himself decided to choose the moment and run, constantly thinking through options for escape.

One night the young officers fled to the mountains. Kostylin constantly whined on the road, got scared of everything, and fell behind. And Zhilin just laughed. He did not lose heart even when, through the fault of the first, the Tatars caught them again and returned them to the village. Upon his return, Kostylin constantly lay and moaned or slept. Zilina again began to be overcome by thoughts of escape. At that time, Ivan became friends with the daughter of his temporary owner, Dina. A thirteen-year-old girl became friends with Zhilin and subsequently played a decisive role in his fate. She saved his life by helping him escape again, giving him food for the journey.

Zhilin invited Kostylin to escape from this captivity with him. But he refused, deciding to stay. After this, Zhilin returned to his garrison, and Kostylin received his freedom only a month later after his relatives sent a ransom for him.

As you can see, Kostylin and Zhilin are completely different people in character and type. One is strong, hardworking, and loves children. He is kind and helps even those who were his enemies. Kostylin is selfish, very cowardly and at the same time lazy. He is capable of betraying anyone, as long as it makes him feel better. That is why their destinies are different, and they make different decisions.