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Quiz

E. Uspensky “Crocodile Gena and his friends”

1.NAME THE HEROES .

Brown animal with big ears. (Cheburashka) African crocodile. (Gena) A small, very serious girl. (Galya) Small, dirty dog. (Tobik) A fat crocodile that looks like a sausage with legs. (Valera) A big, big lion in pince-nez and a hat. (Chandra) Little nimble old lady. (Shapoklyak) Big gray rat. (Lariska) Doctor. (Ivanov) A grimy boy, a truant, a fighter. (Dima) Giraffe. (Anyuta) A little monkey in a lilac hat and a red tracksuit. (Maria Frantsevna) Chief. (Ivan Ivanovich) Angry and stupid rhinoceros. (Chick) A modest and well-mannered girl, an excellent student. (Marusya) A tall red-haired citizen with a notepad in his hands. (Correspondent)

2.DO YOU KNOW?

1. What were the 3 favorite toys of the writer E. Uspensky when he was little? (Huge rubber crocodile Gena, small plastic doll Galya, clumsy plush animal Cheburashka)

2. Where did the funny animal live? (In one dense tropical forest)

3. Who named the animal Cheburashka? (Fruit shop director)

4. Why wasn’t Cheburashka accepted into the main city zoo? Firstly, the zoo was overcrowded, and secondly, Cheburashka turned out to be a completely unknown animal to science. Nobody knew where to put it)

5. Where and with whom did Crocodile Gena work? (In the zoo by a crocodile)

6. What did Crocodile Gena hang on the nail when he came to his place of work? (Suit, hat and cane)

7. How old was Crocodile Gene? (50 years)

8. What did Crocodile Gena usually do at home? (I read newspapers, smoked a pipe and played tic-tac-toe with myself all evening)

9. Crocodile Gena's address. (Bolshaya Pirozhnaya street, building 15, building “s”)

10. Where did the girl Galya work? (In the children's theater)

11. Where did Cheburashka work? (at a discount store)

12. What did he do while working? (stood in the window and attracted the attention of passers-by)

13. What is Cheburashka’s house like? (old telephone booth)

14. What did Cheburashka treat Crocodile Gena when he came to visit him? (coffee)

16. What did the girl Galya wear on her head? (red beret)

17. Where did Crocodile Gena study in his youth? (in the theater club)

18. Who did Gena the Crocodile play in the play “Little Red Riding Hood”? (granddaughter)

19. How long has Galya been sick? (flu)

20. Who made friends between the lion and the dog? (Cheburashka)

21. Where was the rat always? (in a small bag)

22. What did Shapoklyak collect? (evil deeds)

23. What games did Crocodile Gena and Cheburashka play? (tic-tac-toe, lotto)

24. Why did the doctor put Shapoklyak out the door, despite the fact that her mouth was stuffed with a paper ball? (“I don’t serve foreigners,” he said.)

25. Where did the monkey work? (performed in the circus with a learned trainer)

26. What was in the monkey’s mouth? (nuts, screws, shoe polish boxes, keys, buttons, erasers and other necessary and interesting things)

27. What did the boss write, sitting at his desk, on pieces of paper that he put aside on the left and right sides? (“Allow. Ivan Ivanovich.” “Do not allow. Ivan Ivanovich.”)

28. What rule did the boss have? (do everything halfway)

29. Who built the house of friendship? (Cheburashka, Galya, Crocodile Gena)

30. What did Crocodile Gena wear to the construction site? (wearing a mask)

31. Who wrote “Beware of the evil dog” on the fence? (Shapoklyak)

32. What did old woman Shapoklyak do during the night robbery? (she drew mustaches on posters and posters, shook out trash from trash cans and occasionally shot from a gun to scare passers-by at night)

33. What did Shapoklyak feed the rhinoceros on Sundays, trying to tame him? (bagels)

34. How did Shapoklyak escape from the rhinoceros? (climbed a tree)

35. How many kilometers did Cheburashka run through the city from an angry rhinoceros? (15)

36. Where is the rhinoceros stuck? (between the houses of a narrow street)

37. What three medals did Cheburashka know? (“For saving drowning people”, “For courage”, “For work”)

38. Who took the old woman Shapoklyak from the tree? (whole fire brigade)

39. Who helped the builders? (Giraffe, monkey, poor student Dima, excellent student Marusya)

40. What did Shapoklyak buy at the discount store? (two pairs of kerosene lamps)

41. Who suggested making the roof of the house from a fence? (girl Marusya)

42. Who brought the nails from the main construction warehouse? (Cheburashka)

43. Who painted the “House of Friendship”? (Crocodile, Giraffe, monkey and boy Dima)

44. What tongue twister did Galya say to Cheburashka that he couldn’t repeat? (The mouse dried the dryers,

The mouse invited the mice.

The mice began to eat the drying

The teeth were immediately broken.

45.What speech did Cheburashka make at the opening of the “House of Friendship”? (“Well, what can I say? We are all very happy. We built and built and finally built it! Long live we! Hurray!”)

46.Why were Shapoklyak and his trained rat happier than ever? (A brick fell on Cheburashka’s head and he got a huge lump.)

47.Who became friends with whom during the construction of the “House of Friendship”? (Giraffe with a monkey. Dima with Marusya)

48.What did they do at the “House of Friendship”? (club)

49.What happened to Cheburashka? (he was sent to kindergarten with a toy)

50. Like Cheburashka, Gena. Did Galya take revenge on the old woman Shapoklyak? (They handed the old woman Shapoklyak three bundles of balls, which lifted her up. The wind carried her far, far away)

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At the very entrance to the zoo, he unexpectedly met Galya.

Hooray! - Cheburashka shouted. - So you have already recovered?

“I’ve recovered,” Galya answered. - I was already allowed to leave the house.

“And you’ve lost a little weight,” said Cheburashka.

Yes,” the girl agreed. - Is this very noticeable?

No! - Cheburashka exclaimed. - Almost unnoticed. You've lost quite a bit of weight. So little, so little, that I even gained a little weight!

Galya immediately cheered up, and they entered the zoo together. Gena, as always, lay in the sun and read a book.

Look,” Galya said to Cheburashka, “I didn’t even think he was so fat!”

Yes,” Cheburashka agreed. - He just looks awfully like a sausage with legs!.. Hello, Gena! - Cheburashka shouted to the crocodile.

“I’m not Gena,” the crocodile, who looked like a sausage with legs, said offendedly. I'm Valera. I work the second shift. And your Gena went to get dressed. He'll come now.

The fat crocodile turned away angrily. Just at this time Gena came up in his smart coat and beautiful hat.

“Hello,” he said, smiling. - Come visit me!

Went! - Galya and Cheburashka agreed. They really enjoyed visiting the crocodile.

At Gena's, friends drank coffee, talked and played various board games. Cheburashka tried every minute to tell about his dog, but the opportunity never presented itself.

But then someone rang the doorbell.

Come in,” Gena said.

A big, big lion wearing pince-nez and a hat entered the room.

Lev Chandra,” he introduced himself.

Tell me, please, - asked the guest, - does a crocodile live here who needs friends?

Here,” Gena answered. - He lives here. Only he doesn't need friends anymore. He already has them.

It's a pity! - The lion sighed and headed towards the exit. - Goodbye.

Wait,” Cheburashka stopped him.

What kind of friend do you need?

“I don’t know,” answered the lion. - Just a friend, that's all.

Then, it seems to me, I can help you,” said Cheburashka. Sit with us for a few minutes, and for now I’ll run home. OK?

After some time, Cheburashka returned; he led the dry Tobik on a leash.

That’s who I had in mind,” he said. - It seems to me that you will suit each other!

But this is a small dog,” the lion objected, “and I’m so big!”

It doesn’t matter,” said Cheburashka, “that means you will protect her!”

And it’s true,” Chandra agreed.

What can you do? - he asked Tobik.

“Nothing,” Tobik answered.

In my opinion, this is not scary either,” Galya told the lion. - You can teach him anything you want!

Perhaps they are right, Chandra decided.

Well,” he said to Tobik, “I will be glad to make friends with you.” And you?

And I! - Tobik wagged his tail. - I will try to be a very good friend!

The new acquaintances thanked everyone who was in the room and said goodbye.

Well done! - Galya praised Cheburashka when they left. - You did the right thing!

Nonsense! - Cheburashka was shy. - There's no need to talk about it.

Do you know,” Galya suddenly said, “how many such lonely Chandras and Tobiks are there in our city?”

How many? - asked Cheburashka.

“A lot,” the girl answered. - They have no friends at all. Nobody comes to their birthday party. And no one will feel sorry for them when they are sad.

Gena listened to all this, very sad. A huge transparent tear rolled out of his eyes. Looking at him, Cheburashka also tried to cry. But a tiny, tiny tear rolled out of his eyes. Such that it was even embarrassing to show it.

So what should we do? - cried the crocodile. - I want to help them!

And I want to help! - Cheburashka supported him. - What do I feel sorry for, or what? But how?

It’s very simple,” said Galya. - We need to make them all friends with each other.

How can you make friends with them? - asked Cheburashka.

“I don’t know,” Galya answered.

I already have an idea! - said Gena. - We need to write advertisements so that they come to us. And when they come, we will introduce them to each other.

Everyone liked this idea, and the friends decided to do so. They will post notices around the city. They will try to find a comrade for everyone who comes to them. And it was decided to turn the house in which the crocodile lives into a House of Friendship.

So, - said Gena, - starting tomorrow, let’s get to work.

18.08.2018 18:19

The St. Petersburg magazine "Dog", whose Crimean version is considered almost the only glamor publication on the peninsula, published on its website a translation of a study by art history professor Maya Balakirsky-Katz from Touro College in New York - about why Gena the Crocodile from the famous Soviet cartoon this is an old Bolshevik, and Cheburashka is the personification of a Jew in the USSR. What is written seems far-fetched, but there is something in all of this.

The fact of watching an animated series from the late 1960s with Cheburashka in the title role - “a beast unknown to science” - is an important marker that your childhood passed in the last decades of Soviet power. Ask anyone who grew up in Eastern Europe about the “Soviet Mickey Mouse”, and he will begin to sing a song in the innocent voice of Cheburashka: “I was once a strange, nameless toy that no one would approach in the store. Now I am Cheburashka...”

The animated series is an adaptation of children's stories by writer Eduard Uspensky, the latest releases of which Soviet viewers enjoyed simultaneously with the advent of children's TV in the 60s. The cartoon about Cheburashka became a national treasure, a kind of calling card of the Land of the Soviets, and its episodes were adapted to the maximum possible extent - including for radio and theater stages.

Children memorized and sang songs about the long-eared animal in choirs, during meetings, class hours and for events of pioneer organizations. When I was little, this cartoon was the whole universe for me. My parents and I moved to the USA in 1979, taking with us a projector for filmstrips and a stack of slides with cartoons, including the very first episode of “Cheburashka”.

Over the years, Cheburashka only gained popularity in the USSR, became a truly cult character and was surrounded by an aura of “superiority” over American cartoon characters - for example, Mickey Mouse. Cheburashka was even compared to the roaring lion emblem of the MGM studio and, of course, was called a model of morality and morality. Relatively recently, Japan recognized Cheburashka as one of the most beloved heroes of all time - in the Land of the Rising Sun they even released a remake of the Soviet cartoon and several spin-offs to it. In post-Soviet times, Cheburashka became the mascot of the Russian Olympic team.

But even among those for whom this cartoon is a sacred memory of childhood, very few know that the team that created the series at the Soyuzmulfilm studio consisted almost entirely of Ashkenazi Jews who lost their homes and families during the genocide in The Great Patriotic War.

Director Roman Kachanov recreates in animated series the classic story of Jews who survived the war and were involved in the project. He himself, for example, was born in a poor Jewish quarter in Smolensk and took up boxing in the atmosphere of the Smolensk Zionist labor movement even before his father and sister were shot during the German occupation of the city.

The creator of the image of Cheburashka, animator director Leonid Shvartsman, grew up in an environment of Zionism in Minsk and changed his name to “Israel” after the Six-Day War of 1967 happened ( between Israel on the one hand and Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iraq and Algeria on the other) despite the hostile attitude towards Israel that existed in Soviet society at that time.

Kachanov hired cameraman Theodor Bunimovich, who had previously worked as a photojournalist and front-line cameraman at the Central Newsreel Studio and, in particular, filmed on the Western, Voronezh and other fronts. He managed to capture on film Nazi crimes and atrocities of soldiers of the Third Reich in Belarus.

Cameraman Joseph Golomb not only spoke Yiddish fluently: his father was a passionate collector of Hasidic music, and thanks to him, this language was enriched with musical vocabulary. The exact extent to which the Jewish origins of the team who created the cartoon influenced their creative development is largely a matter of speculation and various speculations, but the reason why they did not name the true origin of Cheburashka millions of times lies precisely in personal history.

“Crocodile Gena is an old Bolshevik who loves to smoke a pipe. She sticks out of his mouth in the Stalinist manner."

The works of artists of Jewish origin in the USSR were usually classified as “underground”; they came to the West through smugglers and dissidents with defectors. Nevertheless, despite the systematic anti-Semitism that manifested itself in Soviet society at different levels, we see (and this is confirmed by the cartoon “Cheburashka”) that a vibrant and very vibrant Jewish culture received its greatest creative development in the very heart of Moscow - the Central Animation Studio " Soyuzmultfilm" is the largest in Eastern Europe.

The introduction of Jewish culture into cartoons was the only way out of a situation where the obvious expression of one's ethnicity was suppressed in Soviet culture. The mysterious origin of Cheburashka is one of the main mysteries of the animated series. My idea is that this unusual hero embodies the typical Soviet Jew.

The very first episode begins with the fruit seller opening a box of citrus fruits and finding a charming creature there - “something between a bear and an orange.” Looking at the strange animal, the seller reads the inscription on the fruit box in broken English: “O-ran-zhes!” In those years, Israel was the main exporter of oranges to the Soviet Union. In fact, citrus fruits from Jaffa were the only product that the USSR imported from Israel, and in the Promised Land itself, these fruits became a source of national pride and a symbol of success for the Jewish people: a sign that a small and proud country could provide itself with food. By the way, oranges were also an unofficial symbol of the Zionist movement in the USSR.

I immediately recall lines from the memoir “Return” by the Soviet and Israeli mechanic and physicist, publicist and public figure Herman Branover: “I remember that in the winter of 1952, Jaffa oranges were brought to the grocery store where Uncle Naum worked. He once told me that store employees worked all night, destroying the paper with Hebrew inscriptions in which the oranges were wrapped.”

Due to his mysterious origins, Cheburashka is unable to find his place in Soviet society. A bewildered fruit seller takes responsibility and takes this strange creature to the most suitable place for him that can be found in the city - the zoo.

Instead of a passport or other necessary documents, he comes with a piece of paper in which oranges were wrapped (Cheburashka is “half bear, half orange”). According to the creators, such a “passport” for a rootless hero will definitely find a response in the hearts of those citizens of the USSR whose real passports listed “Jew” in the nationality column.

The zoo guard returned with Cheburashka in his hands and told the seller that they could not accept this creature: “No, this one will not work. An animal unknown to science!” he says. “They don’t know where to put him.” As a result, Cheburashka was placed in a discount store, and his owner told the seller that our hero looked like a defective toy.

In a thrift store, Cheburashka is given the task of sitting in the window and spinning a spinning top, attracting customers. When he asks where he should live, the store owner points to a phone booth and says, “Live? Yes, at least here. This will be your home, so to speak,” the seller shows the “OK” gesture with both hands. Cheburashka looks at the booth for a long time and reluctantly agrees. At that time, telephone booths had a bad reputation associated with troubled teenagers or alcoholics who hung out in them and used them for their affairs.

In fact, this is not just a zoo, a thrift store or a telephone booth: Cheburashka cannot be attributed to any social group in Soviet society. When a Russian schoolgirl named Galya innocently asks him “Who are you?”, the animal answers her in a characteristic manner: “I...I don’t know.” Galya dares to ask further, “Are you by any chance a little bear?” Her assumption convinces Cheburashka that he needs to identify himself with Russianness, at least on a symbolic level, since the bear is a well-known symbol of Russia. Cheburashka looks at the schoolgirl with hope, but then his ears slowly droop and he quietly repeats, “Perhaps, I don’t know.”

The wise and resourceful Crocodile Gena is in a hurry to help solve the problem of the origin of his new and mysterious friend. He is trying to find a definition in a huge dictionary, searching between the words “tea”, “suitcase”, “chebureks”, “Cheboksary”. In the place where Gena could have found the name of Cheburashka, there is the name of a dish and one of the Russian cities, as well as a suitcase - a bright symbol that again lifts the veil of mystery about the origin of Cheburashka and hints to us about the theme of immigration (traditional for Jews). There is no place for Cheburashka not only in the zoo, but also in the Russian language dictionary.

The cartoon places a lot of emphasis on the vague social codes that limit Cheburashka's life. The status of a homeless outcast contrasts very strongly with the position of Gena the Crocodile, who “works” as a crocodile at the zoo. In one of the later episodes, Cheburashka expresses the hope that after he learns to read Russian and finishes school, he will be able to work at the zoo with his green friend. The wrinkled crocodile shakes his head. “No, you are not allowed to work at the zoo with us.” When his friend tries to find out the reason, the crocodile answers him: “Well, why? Why? They’ll just eat you!”

The crocodile works in an enclosure that looks more like a park with a pond and a tree. Back in the 1920s, the Moscow Zoo decided to replace animal cages with picturesque enclosures with more suitable conditions for animals. Considering that Cheburashka was not accepted at the zoo, where the animals “live in harmony” (a metaphor for demonstrating the superiority of the ideology of socialism over capitalism), Kachanov and Shvartsman made it clear that in the case of the cartoon’s protagonist, despite the socialists’ openness to ethnic diversity (USSR, As you know, the country is multinational), some “tropical” heroes are not even allowed on the threshold.

According to the recollections of Soyuzmultfilm employees, director Roman Kachanov loved to repeat countless times in the studio: “Can you imagine? A crocodile who works as a crocodile at the zoo!” The complete opposite of Cheburashka, the 50-year-old crocodile was “born” at the very beginning of the October Revolution. It is no coincidence that his name begins with “Crocodile” - in fact, this is an analogue of the address “comrade”, which was used in a communist country. Crocodile Gena is an old Bolshevik who loves to smoke a pipe (it sticks out of his mouth in Stalinist style). When he leaves the zoo, he sits alone at home all day. Dejected by his fate, Gena the Crocodile writes an advertisement looking for friends and posts it throughout the city. Thanks to the advertisement, he meets Cheburashka and schoolgirl Galya.

Finally, Cheburashka meets friends and begins to write advertisements by hand, with the help of which he creates a small community “House of Friends” in Gena’s apartment. All this is very reminiscent of the meetings in apartments and primary organizations with the help of which Jews created their first communities in the late 1960s, 70s and 80s.

Galya meets the dog Tobik “on the street” outside a yellow building with a facade in a neoclassical style, which is almost completely copied from the Moscow Choral Synagogue. In fact, the street next to the synagogue was a meeting place for Jews and some Jewish theologians. It is worth at least recalling the spontaneous demonstration that took place during the visit of Israeli Interior Minister Golda Meir to Moscow in October 1948. An equally remarkable event for the synagogue at that time was that the chief rabbi of Moscow, Shlomo Shleifer, achieved the creation of a yeshiva within its walls, but even so, those who tried to learn more about Jewish culture preferred to do so in apartments and during street meetings .

Among those who responded to Cheburashka's announcement was the long-haired lion intellectual Lev Chandra - the most Jewish character in the cartoon (besides the main character himself). In fact, it is very easy to identify an analogy between Lev and the popular writer Sholom Aleichem in the USSR at that time, who wrote in both Hebrew and Russian. Facial features, slicked-back straight hair and a habit of dressing in a formal style - all this unites the cartoon Leo with a Jewish playwright.

Kachanov and Shvartsman, both fluent in Yiddish, called Lev Chandra “Leiboy Chandra,” a name that can be translated from Yiddish as “Shame of the Lion” (or great shame). The hypothesis about the Jewish origin of the king of beasts in the animated series is once again confirmed when he introduces himself to other characters, making a half-bow to the accompaniment of a melancholy violin. After Tobik (translated from Yiddish as “good”) and Leib Chandra (“Great Shame”) go for a walk together, Gena the Crocodile concludes in a sad voice: “Do you know how many people in our city are as lonely as Tobik and Chandra? And no one sympathizes when they are sad.”

As soon as strange social undertones were noticed in the cartoon, the Arts Council was immediately called. Its members tried to understand why Crocodile Gene so needed to answer the question about the origin of the “beast unknown to science.” Both the Arts Council and the Ministry of Cinematography (known as Goskino) questioned Cheburashka's pioneering activism, because in fact he was persona non grata, a disenfranchised foreigner.

In particular, he was “reminded” of the initiative to create the “House of Friends” without any “orders from above.” One of the Goskino employees disdainfully called Crocodile Gena and his friends “house friends.” Animation veteran Ivan Ivanov-Vano questioned Lev's seriousness and suggested that he could wear brighter colors to be relatable to younger audiences. He also wondered why Gena the Crocodile had such a “luxurious” apartment and why it then turned into the “House of Friends.”

Ivanov-Vano was an insightful person and touched upon a very sensitive topic for the creators of the cartoon, because they put into it (albeit metaphorically) the experience of the Jewish population. Soyuzmultfilm employees essentially replaced themselves with animated characters in order to tell their story without going beyond generally accepted standards. However, despite misunderstandings and concerns on the part of the Arts Council, the episodes were released on television practically unchanged.

Jewish nationalists, of course, were aware of who the creators of “Cheburashka” were, but the main character of the cartoon is still not a Zionist - at least not in the sense that is generally accepted in the United States. Definitely, Cheburashka has no desire to emigrate from the USSR to the Promised Land. Rather, its origin (connected, as we remember, with oranges) conveys a key and very painful condition for the ethnic group: an uncertain status, and in this vein, the cartoon evokes deep sympathy in the audience for the naive miracle with huge eyes.

This is just a strange, different creature that really wants to live its own life. Despite the generally xenophobic attitude toward foreigners in Soviet cinema of the period, Kachanov and Shvartsman succeed in making the illegal free rider a sympathetic outsider who embodies morality and virtue despite absurd rules and rigid social status requirements. The cartoon about Cheburashka was created by a team of Jews who themselves were people with an unobvious position due to their origin. They put their hero through the same on-screen experience.