The conflict between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich table. Comparative characteristics of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov (based on the novel “Fathers and Sons”)

The problem of generations. Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P. Kirsanov. (based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”)

Goals : 1.Improve students’ ability to write comparative descriptions of characters. 2. Be able to determine the moral and ideological positions of the characters in the work. 3. Develop students’ thinking and oral speech. 4. Develop students' interest in reading the novel.

Equipment: Portrait of I. S. Turgenev, presentation “Fathers and Sons”.

During the classes.

Organizational moment .

Report the topic and objectives of the lesson.( On the screen is a portrait of I. S. Turgenev) We continue to study I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons.” “My whole life is in my writings,” he wrote. Turgenev has a special sense of time. “Our time requires us to capture modernity in its emerging images; You can’t be too late.” In his works he “caught” something new that was just emerging in Russian life. Today in class we will try to answer the questions with you: -What is the meaning of the title of the novel? -How and why is there a dispute between representatives of different generations? Guys, at home you compiled a comparative description of the images of P. P. Kirsanov and E. Bazarov.3. Work according to the table.

Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P. P. Kirsanov.

Generation conflict... This problem is relevant at all times. — In which works is this problem addressed? (Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, A. Ostrovsky's The Thunderstorm, etc.) In the mid-19th century, on the eve of the abolition of serfdom in Russia, disputes between liberals and revolutionary democrats, aristocrats and commoners sharply intensified. I. S. Turgenev tells us about this in his novel.

—Which of the novel’s heroes oppose each other?

What are these people called? (antipodes)

Antipode - a person who is opposite to someone in terms of beliefs, properties, tastes. (Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by S. I. Ozhegov)

Name the antipodes in Russian literature. (Grinev and Shvabrin, Oblomov and Stolz, Chatsky and Molchalin...) Today we will conduct a comparative description of the new heroes of the novel.

— 1. What can you sayabout the origin, social affiliation of the heroes ? P. Kirsanov - nobleman, aristocrat, son of a general, retired officer, liberal-conservative.E. Bazarov -son of a military doctor, had peasant roots, medical student. Faculty of St. Petersburg University, commoner, democrat-nihilist.”

2.Portrait. Bazarov - “tall in a long robe with tassels.” The face is “long and thin, with a wide forehead, a flat top, pointed nose downwards, large green eyes and drooping sand-colored sideburns...” He has “naked red arms.”

P. P. Kirsanov- in all appearance “gloss and panache”, appearance “elegant and thoroughbred”, beautiful hands with long pink nails.

3. Speech — P. P. Kirsanov uses French expressions in conversation, his speech is refined, and he often distorts Russian words into a foreign manner (principles, etc.)E. Bazarov- speaks simply and artlessly, his speech is common, he often uses sayings and aphorisms. (read from the text)

There are many differences between the heroes, but perhaps the most important thing that makes them irreconcilable opponents is the philosophical positions of each.

— What are our heroes arguing about?

1. On the attitude towards the nobility

P. Kirsanov . Pavel Petrovich sees the main social force in aristocrats. The significance of aristocracy, in his opinion, is that it once gave freedom in England, and that aristocrats have a highly developed sense of self-esteem and self-respect. Their self-respect is important since society is built on the individual

E. Bazarov. The conversation that the aristocracy gave England freedom - “Old Song”, a lot has changed after the seventeenth century, so Pavel Petrovich’s reference cannot serve as an argument. The aristocracy is of no use to anyone; their main occupation is doing nothing (“sitting with folded hands”). They only care about themselves, about their appearance. Under these conditions, their dignity and self-respect look like empty words. Aristocratism is a useless word. In idleness and empty chatter, Bazarov sees the basic political principle of the entire noble society, living at the expense of others.

2.On the principle of activity of nihilists

Pavel Petrovich stands for the preservation of the old order. He is afraid to imagine the destruction of “everything” in society. He agrees to make only minor changes in combining the foundations of the existing system, to adapt to new conditions, as his brother does. They are not reactionaries, they are liberals

E. Bazarov . Nihilists act deliberately, based on the principle of usefulness of activity for society. They deny the social system, that is, autocracy, religion, this is the meaning of the word “ALL”. Bazarov notes that the freedom that the government is trying to achieve is unlikely to be of any use; This phrase contains a hint of impending reforms. Bazarov does not accept reform as a means of changing the social situation. Denial is perceived by new people as activity, not chatter.

3.About attitude towards the people

P. Kirsanov . The Russian people are patriarchal, they sacredly value traditions, and cannot live without religion. These Slavophile views (with a lifestyle in the English way) speak of reactionaryness. He is touched by the backwardness of the people and sees this as the key to the salvation of society.

E. Bazarov . The situation of the people causes Bazarov not tenderness, but anger. He sees trouble in all areas of people's life. Bazarov turns out to be far-sighted and condemns what will later become the creed of populism. It is no coincidence that he says that the Russian people do not need useless words like “liberalism” and “progress”. Bazarov has a sober attitude towards the people. He sees the lack of education and superstition of the people. He despises these shortcomings. However, Bazarov sees not only the downtrodden state, but also the discontent of the people.

4. About views on art

P. Kirsanov. The new Peredvizhniki artists abandon frozen academic traditions and blindly follow old models, including Raphael. The Peredvizhniki artists, in his opinion, absolutely abandoned traditions. New artists are “powerless and sterile to the point of disgusting.”

E. Bazarov. He denies both old and new art: “Raphael is not worth a penny, and they are no better than him.”

Who wins in disputes?

Does Bazarov have the right to judge his opponent and his “principles” in such a humiliating manner? (We must respect other people's opinions, age..)

5. Attitude towards love. (slide “Scene of E. Bazarov’s declaration of love for A. Odintsova”)

P. P. Kirsanov always enjoyed success with women, and men envied him. He led an active lifestyle, but everything changed instantly when Princess R. appeared in his life, whom Kirsanov met at a ball and with whom he fell passionately in love. The princess soon lost interest in him, and he almost went crazy and began chasing her all over the world, showing cowardice. Exhausted by these relationships, Pavel Petrovich grew old, gray and lost interest in life.

Bazarov treats love very coldly. “A man who staked his entire life on a woman’s love, and when this card was killed for him, became limp and sank to the point that he was incapable of anything, such a person is not a man,” he notes. Love seemed like a test for Bazarov... Love conquers selfishness, enlightens the world, this feeling turned out to be not physiological, as the hero assumed, this feeling is shocking and traumatic. In words he denied love, but in reality life forced him to admit it.
For Bazarov, such a drama means humiliation and is perceived as a manifestation of shameful weakness.

6. Lifestyle, interests.

There are differences between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich in relation to art and nature. From Bazarov’s point of view, “reading Pushkin is wasted time, playing music is ridiculous, enjoying nature is absurd.” Pavel Petrovich, on the contrary, loves nature and music. Art (and literature, and painting, and music) softens the soul and distracts from business. All this is “romanticism”, “nonsense”. Looking at the album of Saxon Switzerland, Bazarov tells Odintsova: “You don’t assume artistic sense in me - yes, I really don’t have it, but these views could interest me from a geological point of view.” Bazarov tries to debunk ineffective “principles”, does not accept illusory daydreaming, rejecting the achievements of culture (“Raphael is not worth a penny”) and perceiving nature in a utilitarian way.Kirsanov and Bazarov each remain with their own opinion. Bazarov is the enemy of abstract science, divorced from life. He is for science that would be understandable to the people. Bazarov is a worker of science, he is tireless in his experiments, completely absorbed in his favorite profession.

7.Attitude towards each other.

Bazarov should not forget about respect for the generation of elders. He crosses out the entire life of P. Kirsanov, who believed that he was leading a noble life and worthy of respect.

4. Summing up the lesson.

— Is there a winner in the dispute?

Did the heroes want to find the truth or were they just sorting things out?

Whose side do you think the author is on? (He considers himself to be a generation of “fathers”, trying to convey to us the idea of the important role of “old people” in the past and present of Russia. One cannot deny all the accumulated human experience, art, religion, the spiritual side of society. The author tried to convey to the reader the idea of finding some kind of compromise between generations.

5.Grading.

6. Homework. Analysis of the last chapters of the novel. "The Death of Bazarov."

Bazarov E. V.	Kirsanov P. P.
Appearance	Tall young man with long hair. The clothes are poor and untidy. Doesn't pay attention to his own appearance.	A handsome middle-aged man. Aristocratic, “thoroughbred” appearance. He takes good care of himself, dresses fashionably and expensively.
Origin	The father is a military doctor, from a poor, simple family.	Nobleman, son of a general. In his youth, he led a noisy metropolitan life and built a military career.
Education	A very educated person. A talented doctor and dedicated researcher. Friends predict a great future for Bazarov.	He studied in the page corps. Little read. I owe my success in service more to my personal charm and family connections.
Important Personality Traits	Pragmatist and cynic. The main measure of a person’s value is his usefulness to society.	Knightly nature. It values a person's personality and self-esteem.
Lifestyle	He eats a lot and loves wine in large quantities. Early starts the day, active and active.	He is restrained in his eating habits, drinks little, loves a comfortable life.
Attitude towards love	Cynical: sees meaning in love only from a physiological point of view. It turns out that he is not ready for a serious feeling.	Romantic. After the death of his beloved woman, he left a brilliant career. Devastated in spirit.
Attitude to the people	Mixed: sympathizes with the plight of the poor and despises their ignorance. Communicates with peasants on equal terms.	He admires folk culture and the patriarchal way of life out loud, but squeamishly avoids direct communication with the peasants.
Attitude to family	Despises patriarchal values. Loves his parents, but pushes them away. Criticizes Arkady's relatives in his presence.	He puts family values above all else. He loves his brother and nephew, protects their peace and well-being.
The characters' relationship to each other	He sees in the elder Kirsanov the embodiment of the worst traits of the aristocracy: inactivity and idle talk.	He considers Bazarov a threat to the established order. Fears the spirit of destruction that the new generation brings.
Speech features	Rough, simple speech. Actively uses folklore elements.	Speaks competently, uses French and English phrases.
Behavior in a duel	He jokes a lot and considers what is happening to be absurd. Does not aim at the opponent, wounds him by accident.	He takes the fight seriously. He fails, but is satisfied with the result of the duel.
Character in the ending	Dies. His grave symbolizes the only possibility of reconciliation between different generations.	Leaves Russia. Abroad he leads a bright but empty life. By the author's definition, a living dead.

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Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov essay

Pavel Kirsanov is a typical aristocrat with a sleek appearance and liberal views. In Pavel's family there is a cult of veneration of beauty. Evgeny Bazarov's appearance is “plebeian”. He is simple, his facial features reveal a man of deep mental work. Evgeniy is interested in natural science, since it can be seen and verified, unlike spiritual “nonsense.” He is one of the nihilists. The views of both heroes differ. Through their beliefs and conversations, Turgenev shows this confrontation: a dispute between the old, entrenched, and the new, which does not know what to do except deny the opposite.

Despite all their differences, both heroes are similar in many ways. Both Pavel and Evgeniy are strong-willed and strong personalities. And, both of them are susceptible to reasoning on abstract topics. This was the problem. Bazarov, wanting global changes and actions leading to this, does not go beyond the limits of reasoning, just like Kirsanov.

But, in the end, Evgeniy is faced with what previously seemed empty to him. No matter how Bazarov denies love, considering it complete nonsense, he falls in love. And, dying, he rethinks his views. What he denied all his life turns out to be an integral part of human existence.

But the situation prevailing in liberal societies, a striking example of which is the Kirsanov family, cannot contribute to its full development. The problem of discord, based on these trends, is shown by Turgenev in the novel with all its principles and problems. And the main thing is that the one-sided views of both sides only lead to inaction or thoughtless actions.

Turgenev's novel is dedicated to the problem of confrontation between two ideological social trends of that time. At first glance, it seems that this is an eternal problem of the older and younger generations, their misunderstanding of each other. But it turns out to be a little different. On the one hand, there are liberals, ardent defenders of established ways of life, on the other, nihilists who deny all these orders. This work is built on the opposition of some views to others. This is shown by the example of two heroes of the novel - Pavel Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov.

The actions described in the novel take place in the mid-19th century. At this time, the emergence of new ideals and principles of life was just beginning to develop. The people who followed them did not fully and fully realize the significance of this social phenomenon. And they followed it, for the most part, because it was fashionable.

Nihilists denied everything that had been established for centuries: the existing social and state order and much more. And their task at that time was to undermine these structures, to destroy them. But they could not build something new on the ruins of the old. Yes, and few people thought about it. This very clearly conveys one of Pavel’s conversations with Bazarov. To Kirsanov’s words that someone needs to build it, Evgeniy replied that it was no longer their concern

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The clash of different generations, different views is a problem that will never cease to be relevant. The most striking example is the novel by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”. In this work, I. S. Turgenev masterfully reveals

Speaking about the plan and purpose of his future work, Turgenev

admitted: “I was embarrassed by the following fact: not a single work

in our literature I didn’t even find a hint of what I imagined

everywhere." The merit of the writer is that he is the first in Russia

raised this topic in literature and for the first time tried to create an image

"new man", representative of the commoners. Dual

despite the inconsistency of the image depicted, I believed that

the future opens up with these people. "My whole story is directed

against the aristocracy as an advanced class," he wrote.

The novel "Fathers and Sons" shows the struggle between the worldviews of two

political directions: nobles-liberals and revolutionaries-

Democrats. In contrast to representatives of these directions,

commoner Bazarov and nobleman Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov,

the plot of the novel is constructed. Besides this main problem, Turgenev

raises a number of other questions related to moral,

cultural, socio-economic development of Russia in the 60s

XIX century. So, the topic of the nobility and its role in life is raised again

society.

According to Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, aristocrats are the driving force

social development. Their ideal is a constitutional monarchy, and the path

towards the ideal - liberal reforms, openness, progress. According to

Bazarov, aristocrats are not capable of action, there is no

benefits, therefore Bazarov denies the ability of the nobility to lead

Russia to the future. The next question concerns nihilism, the role

nihilists in life. Pavel Petrovich considers them powerless

"cynics, impudents and plebeians", they do not respect the people and traditions,

but he consoles himself with the fact that there are few of them. Bazarov weightily remarks: “From

Moscow burned down with a penny candle." What do the nihilists say?

only the need for revolutionary action, therefore the criterion for

them is of public benefit. Bazarov believes that the people are still dark and

ignorant, he is full of prejudices, but still in spirit he

revolutionary.

Pavel Petrovich is touched by the patriarchy of the Russian people, not

understanding it in essence. Considering himself a liberal, he nevertheless

talking to a man, sniffing English cologne. This

an important feature that characterizes him as a person. Drawing conclusions,

we can say that the disputes were not about private issues. They

concerned the present and future of Russia In all disputes, the last

the word remained with Bazarov.

A compromise between Turgenev’s heroes is impossible, confirmation

This is a duel. The main reason that caused the hatred of the elder

Kirsanov to Bazarov, was that he was unlikely to

admitted even to himself: Bazarov crossed out his whole life.

Pavel Kirsanov believed that he was leading a noble life, that he was worthy

respect. And from Bazarov’s point of view, his life is meaningless.

The difference in the views of the main characters lies in their biography.

Pavel Petrovich - the son of a general, a brilliant officer who squandered

all your spiritual strength in pursuit of your beloved woman. When she

died, he left the world, left his career and settled with his brother to

live your life. He is trying to make changes to his estate and

farm, considers himself a liberal only because there is no

they beat the serfs with a whip, but he is not able to understand the demands

new era, the views of the younger generation are deeply alien to him. ABOUT

We know little about Bazarov's past, but we understand that his path is

the typical path of a common worker. Years of hard work

made him an educated man. He proudly states:

"My grandfather plowed the land." Bazarov's parents are very religious,

their interests are limited. Bazarov raised himself. How many

prejudices, how many habits, ingrained from childhood, should

Evgeniy had to overcome it in order to educate himself. Bazarov is a man

strong in mind and character. Russia knew many such Bazarovs:

after all, both Belinsky, to whose memory the novel is dedicated, and Dobrolyubov

went through a hard life school. The Kirsanov brothers are aristocrats.

Turgenev wrote: “They are the best of the nobles - that’s why they

chosen by me to prove their inconsistency." Very bitterly,

that their lives are so worthless, although they have

undoubted advantages. Pavel Petrovich very nobly

treats his brother, Fenechka, he is honest, constant in love, understands

art. Nikolai Petrovich, his brother, is a very sensitive person, he

friendly, kind-hearted, fond of music, but his life

monotonous and boring. Bazarov brings fresh air into the “family nest”

Kirsanov. Evgeniy appears before us as a new man

generation that replaced the “fathers” who were unable to decide

main problems of the era.

Dobrolyubov wrote about people of the Bazarov type even before the appearance of the image

Bazarov, claiming that they are deciding to “step onto the road

merciless denial to find pure truth." Their ultimate

the goal is “to bring the greatest possible benefit to humanity.”

The formation of their ideology was not without extremes; they believed

exclusively in science, but it was they who drove progress in Russia.

I would like to end the essay with the words: The conflict between the “fathers” and

"children" - The key to those continuous changes in which something is looking for

God, Playing with the change of generations.

181. ABOUT IDEAL FASHION AND BELIEFS IN “FATHERS AND CHILDREN” I.S. TURGENEVA

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev - a first-class realist artist, one of

the most remarkable Russian writers of the 19th century. The most educated

a man of his era, a humanist, an enemy of slavery and tyranny, he is many things

saw and understood, feeling the big changes brewing in Russia.

His position in the context of the intensified class struggle of the 1970s

years was complex and largely contradictory. Critically evaluating

people of their social circle, noting a number of weaknesses and shortcomings

noble intelligentsia, Turgenev did not share the revolutionary

beliefs of the new generation, he understood that they were right in some way, but

they were alien to him in spirit. He could not accept ideas about the need

revolution, violent, radical destruction of existing

relations, he “was disgusted by the peasant democracy of Chernyshevsky and

Dobrolyubova." This is the reason for his break with Sovremennik. However

Turgenev retained a deep interest in activities until the end of his life

revolutionary youth, he closely followed everyone

manifestations of advanced social thought. Characterizing

Turgenev's work, Dobrolyubov wrote that he “quickly guessed

new needs, new ideas introduced into public consciousness."

In 1862, Turgenev wrote the novel "Fathers and Sons" - one of the best

novels, as in fiction

mastery, as well as in the depth, breadth and relevance of the main

Topics. This was not a tribute to ideological fashion, Turgenev was honest in the novel

tried to show two forces: the liberal nobility / represented by the brothers

Kirsanovs/ and the camp of revolutionary democrats, represented by

so far alone Bazarov. Turgenev wrote: "My whole story

directed against the aristocracy as an advanced class."

Representatives of the past - "fathers" - are depicted with merciless

;rnost. They are good people, but these good people will not be regretted

Russia. Turgenev is not satisfied with either “fathers” or “children”; the writer is not

fell in love with Bazarov, but recognized his strength, his superiority over others

people, so he paid him full tribute. In the interpretation

Bazarov was affected by Turgenev's class limitations. Man with

with qualities like Bazarov, he could do a lot, but he is dying,

without doing anything. This reflected Turgenev’s disbelief in the force

commoners, into the ideal of revolutionary democracy. Pisarev in the article

"Bazarov" saw in Turgenev's hero the typical features of a young man

between democratic magazines due to understanding the image of Bazarov

the article by critic Pisarev played the role of strengthening the critical

attitude towards Bazarov on the pages of the Sovremennik magazine. In the second

article, Pisarev changed his view of Bazarov and placed him in

on a par with the hero of Chernyshevsky’s novel “What is to be done?” -

Rakhmetov. Turgenev himself said that Bazarov was his “enemy”, to

to whom he feels an involuntary attraction.

The gradualist liberal Turgenev believed that the revolutionary

activities in Russia will not find a response and support among the people. This

He endowed his hero with the same consciousness. Bazarov speaks in front of

death: “Russia needs me... No, apparently I don’t.” This is ideological

Turgenev's delusion. What can we say about ideological fashion and beliefs?

If you compare Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov with Nazarov, you can see

Bazarov is convinced of his positions, but Kirsanov shows off more,

paying tribute to fashion. For all his "liberal antics" and

statements about “love for progress” Pavel Petrovich is conservative,

intolerant and class limited in his views. One detail: he

sniffs cologne when talking to a man because it makes him

"It smells bad". Is this love for one's neighbor? Words by Kirsanov

disagree with the point, he is a liberal, because it is fashionable to be a liberal. A

What's liberal about it? Once a month it relieves a man from

execution? But “if cream is like this, then what is milk like?”

uneducated nobility. Bazarov asks Arkady... seeing

perfumed, impeccably dressed in the latest fashion / and this is in the village /

Kirsanova: “What kind of archaic phenomenon is this?” Pavel, Petrovich

releases the contemptuous phrase: “Who is this hairy guy?” In front of you

completely different people in upbringing, beliefs, origin.

Bazarov criticizes the idleness of the nobility: “You respect yourself, but sit

with folded hands, what is the use of this?" Bazarov is "a man of action, not

phrases", he has not only great intelligence, but also enormous strength

will. Bazarov has an important principle - to do what is useful.

Turgenev also shows caricatured characters in the novel - these are Sitnikov and

Kukshina. If for aristocrats it is a tribute to fashion to appear progressive

liberals, then for Sitnikov and Kukshina it is a tribute to fashion to consider themselves

nihilists. Kukshina and Sitnikov seized on nihilism because

that he is fashionable, because looking like a progressive person is very

prestigious. But all their nihilism is petty and ostentatious. Sitnikov shouts:

to whom does he fawn? Bazarov doesn't need much intelligence to

understand that Sitnikov may shout the opposite tomorrow. Kukshina thinks

herself as an advanced, emancipated woman. But Turgenev alone

phrase makes it clear that she is just a stupid, unhappy woman,

who has no children and husband, and she has no choice but to be

"emancipe". In her room "papers, letters, thick numbers of Russians

magazines, mostly uncut, lay scattered across the dusty

tables", These are empty talkers who "keep their nose to the wind", and if

Before they were just idiots, but now they suddenly became

nihilists. They do not have certain views, their own beliefs, and

when nihilism goes out of fashion, they will certainly give it up. U

Bazarov has his own principles, and he strictly follows them. "I'm nobody's

I don’t share opinions: I have my own,” he says. The problem of “fathers” and

"children", the search for the ideal and meaning of life has always been quite

spicy. Marx called the situation of youth in society a tragedy

the younger generation, which finds the world already formed and not

always aware of what can change him. Kirsanov in

Bazarove immediately felt the enemy, because he crossed out

his entire “active” life. Bazarov made it clear that the "fathers" did not

capable of solving the main problems of the era. Now the controversy continues

about the novel and does not lose interest in it, because society

divided by conviction into two forces: the camp of democrats, who

ready to follow a new path, and the camp of adherents of the idea of socialism,

which did not justify itself. Who is the future of the country? It seems to me that for now

a person will not be spiritually reborn, neither democrats nor

conservatives to pull Russia out of the abyss. In a dispute with Dobrolyubov

and Chernyshevsky, Turgenev and Leo Tolstoy were right. None

a violent revolution will not change the life of the people. Not yet

moral perfection. And life has proven this undeniably.

182. BAZAROV - A TRAGIC FACE (Based on Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons”)

In Russian literature there are a number of names without which we cannot

imagine the existence of an entire national culture. These

names are known to everyone, because when we hear them, we

clear associations arise with the works included in

treasury of world literature, with the time in which they created

these great people.

One of these great names is Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. His

works cannot be confused with anyone else’s, they contain individuality

as if conveying to us events, new trends in contemporary

life, passing through the prism of one’s own feelings, views on

various problems. In the true masterpieces of Turgenev with great

The characters' characters are revealed with psychological authenticity.

The writer is trying to explain their actions and thoughts. Heroes exist

are not divorced from the surrounding world, they are closely connected with it,

are influenced by it, imbued with newfangled ideas, and

sometimes they are rejected after long searches and mistakes.

The novel "Fathers and Sons" (1862) appeared after the author's break with

magazine "Sovremennik" in another magazine "Russian Herald". Novel

struggle. Student unrest broke out in St. Petersburg, and

mass arrests. Fires started in the city. The appearance of the novel

caused a storm. Many greeted the novel with hostility. On Turgenev

both of them collapsed, that is, both from the camp of the “children” and from the camp of the “fathers”.

Turgenev wrote to Pauline Viardot: “I tried to imagine the conflict

two generations."

The novel shows a new type of progressive commoner -

democrat Bazarov, “a man of action, not phrases.” Bazarov - a man from

another world, from a different environment than the writer himself. Turgenev noticed

the emergence of new people calling themselves nihilists. Writer

examines this phenomenon from different aspects. It would seem that both Bazarov and

Arkady Kirsanov and Sitnikov belong to the same category of people,

adhering to certain principles. They call themselves

it is clear that neither Arkady nor Sitnikov have their own convictions,

This is a temporary fad for a fashion trend, but nothing more. Turgenev

showed his hero as a loner who understands that their "nihilism"

This is a pathetic imitation of a strong personality. Turgenev not

neither the “fathers” nor the “children” were satisfied. He could not fall in love with Bazarov, but

recognized his strength and paid him tribute full of respect. Turgenev did not

sympathizes completely with none of his characters.

Representatives of the past (“fathers”) are depicted with merciless

loyalty. They are good people, but these good people will not be regretted

Bazarov, a man of strong intellect and character, forms the center of the novel.

He is a representative of the new young generation, in his personality

grouped those features that were inherent in the revolutionaries -

because he has no equal and has his own for everything

own beliefs. "I don't support anyone's opinions, I have

our own,” Bazarov declares half-contemptuously. According to his mental

Bazarov's demands are higher than his environment. Passion for sciences,

desire to get to the bottom of things, broad-minded and critical

attitude to reality, self-esteem - that’s

characteristic features of Evgeny Bazarov. Critic Pisarev put

Bazarov is on a par with the hero of Chernyshevsky’s novel, Rakhmetov.

this is where his function ends. He says: "First you need a place

clear, and others will build." Bazarov's views expressed in

disputes with Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, close to the views of the leaders

revolutionary democracy, but he differs greatly in some respects from

them. Pisarev wrote that “Bazarovism is a disease of that

time, and it must be suffered." Bazarov, obsessed with this disease,

is distinguished by a remarkable mind and, as a result, produces a strong

impression on the people around him. "The Pechorins have a will without

knowledge, the Rudins have knowledge without will, the Bazarovs have both knowledge and

will, thought and deeds merge into one whole,” wrote Pisarev.

Turgenev's opinion, Bazarov came to life early, he could have done

a lot, but “dies without having done anything.” It also has negative

features, this reflected the class limitations of Turgenev himself.

Bazarov, which, unfortunately, is fair, often denies

things that he does not know or understand. Poetry, in his opinion, is nonsense,

enjoying nature is absurd. Love for Evgeny is just

physiological need. Life makes adjustments to him

views on love. Bazarov suffers deeply after Odintsova’s refusal,

but that doesn’t make it any smaller. Human ability is profound

Turgenev considered loving to be a measure of his value as a person. Turgenev

He subjected many of his heroes to the test of love. Bazarov enters

a realm of subtle experiences that he had not previously accepted. From

There is no trace of his confidence left. The passion is completely captivating

hero, but he finds strength in himself, unlike Pavel Petrovich,

break up with a selfish woman, despite the tragedy of it

rupture. Bazarov is capable of deep critical self-analysis and

rethinking past beliefs. And this is his strength. Rejected

he still won a moral victory. After death

Dobrolyubova Turgenev said: “It’s a pity for the lost, wasted

strength." He said the same about Bazarov.

The dying Bazarov's farewell words contain the main meaning.

his life ending: “Russia needs me?... No, apparently, I don’t need it...”

The origins of Bazarov’s suffering are the premature appearance, absence

allies, painful loneliness. Turgenev wrote to his friend:

"I dreamed of a gloomy, wild, big, strong, evil figure,

but honest. And yet doomed to destruction, because she stands in

anticipation of the future..." Such an interpretation fully explains

a solemn chord that completes the story of the “new man”.

The main character of "Fathers and Sons" did not know compromises, did not know

egoistic sense of self-preservation. In our time of perestroika

In life one can only look up to this type of personality. Equally important

for us and something else. Bazarov selflessly opposed routine

spiritual stagnation, dreamed of establishing new social

relationships, new culture. Origins, conditions, results of it

the activities were, of course, different. But the idea itself is to remake

the world, the human soul, to breathe into it the living energy of daring - not

may not worry today.

The problems posed by Turgenev in the novel are always relevant.

The conflict between “fathers” and “children” is the key to those continuous changes.

whom God is looking for something, Playing with the change of generations...

The problem of generations. Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P. Kirsanov. (based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”)

Equipment: Portrait of I. S. Turgenev, presentation “Fathers and Sons”.

During the classes.

Organizational moment .

Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P. P. Kirsanov.

Generation conflict... This problem is relevant at all times. - In which works is this problem addressed? (Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, A. Ostrovsky's The Thunderstorm, etc.) In the mid-19th century, on the eve of the abolition of serfdom in Russia, disputes between liberals and revolutionary democrats, aristocrats and commoners sharply intensified. I. S. Turgenev tells us about this in his novel.

Which of the novel's heroes oppose each other?

What are these people called? (antipodes)

Antipode - a person who is opposite to someone in terms of beliefs, properties, tastes. (Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by S. I. Ozhegov)

Name the antipodes in Russian literature. (Grinev and Shvabrin, Oblomov and Stolz, Chatsky and Molchalin...) Today we will conduct a comparative description of the new heroes of the novel.

- 1. What can you sayabout the origin, social affiliation of the heroes ? P. Kirsanov - nobleman, aristocrat, son of a general, retired officer, liberal-conservative.E. Bazarov -son of a military doctor, had peasant roots, medical student. Faculty of St. Petersburg University, commoner, democrat-nihilist.”

P. P. Kirsanov- in all appearance “gloss and panache”, appearance “elegant and thoroughbred”, beautiful hands with long pink nails.

3. Speech - P. P. Kirsanov uses French expressions in conversation, his speech is refined, and he often distorts Russian words into a foreign manner (principles, etc.)E. Bazarov- speaks simply and artlessly, his speech is common, he often uses sayings and aphorisms. (read from the text)

There are many differences between the heroes, but perhaps the most important thing that makes them irreconcilable opponents is the philosophical positions of each.

- What are our heroes arguing about?

1. On the attitude towards the nobility

2.On the principle of activity of nihilists

3.About attitude towards the people

4. About views on art

E. Bazarov. He denies both old and new art: “Raphael is not worth a penny, and they are no better than him.”

Who wins in disputes?

Does Bazarov have the right to judge his opponent and his “principles” in such a humiliating manner? (We must respect other people's opinions, age..)

5. Attitude towards love. (slide “Scene of E. Bazarov’s declaration of love for A. Odintsova”)

6. Lifestyle, interests.

7.Attitude towards each other.

Bazarov should not forget about respect for the generation of elders. He crosses out the entire life of P. Kirsanov, who believed that he was leading a noble life and worthy of respect.

4. Summing up the lesson.

- Is there a winner in the dispute?

Did the heroes want to find the truth or were they just sorting things out?

5.Grading.

6. Homework. Analysis of the last chapters of the novel. "The Death of Bazarov."

The conflict between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich table. Comparative characteristics of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov (based on the novel “Fathers and Sons”)

Other works on this topic:

Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov essay

Several interesting essays