Presentation on the topic Arkady Gaidar. Biography and creativity of A
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Literary reading grade 4 Teacher: Ponomareva S.V. Lyceum of VGUES Nakhodka, Primorsky Territory ARKADY PETROVICH GAYDAR Arkady Petrovich Gaidar (real name Golikov) is a famous Soviet children's writer, participant in the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars.
Born in 1904 in the city of Lgov, now Kursk region, in the family of teacher Pyotr Isidorovich Golikov. His parents took part in the revolutionary uprisings of 1905 and, fearing arrest, left for provincial Arzamas. He spent his childhood in Arzamas. Mother, Natalya Arkadyevna, teacher.
She died early.
During the First World War, my father was taken to the front. Arkady, then just a boy, tried to get to the war. The attempt failed, he was detained and returned home.
At the age of 14 he joined the Red Army. He became an assistant commander of a detachment of red partisans. At the age of 17 he began to command a reserve regiment.
Once he was in KHAKASSIA. They spoke Russian poorly there.
Sometimes, when they forgot their last name, they laughed and said: “Arkhashka, haidar? (Where are you going?)” And he answered in response to his last name, he even liked it better, asked to call him that.
In the mid-1920s, Arkady married a 17-year-old Komsomol member
from Perm to Lia Lazarevna Solomyanskaya.
In 1926, their son Timur was born.
The first work, the story “In the Days of Defeats and Victories,” written in 1925, was published in the Leningrad almanac “Bucket”, famous at that time.
The writer signed the pseudonym GAYDAR and became a classic of children's literature, becoming famous for his works about sincere friendship and military camaraderie.
The most famous works of Arkady Gaidar
"P.B.C." (1925)
"School" (1930)
"Military Secret" (1935)
story "Hot Stone" (1941)
"Timur and his team" (1940)
"Bumbarash" (1940)
1939 - “The Fate of the Drummer”
“The Tale of the Military Secret, of Malchish - Kibalchish
and his firm word" (1940)
1939 - “Chuk and Gek”
During the Great Patriotic War, Gaidar was in the active army, as a correspondent for Komsomolskaya Pravda.
Arkady Petrovich ended up in a partisan detachment. He was a machine gunner in the detachment.
Five partisans on the morning of October 26, 1941 stopped for a rest next to the railway embankment. Gaidar took a bucket to collect potatoes from the trackman's house. At the very crest of the embankment I noticed Germans hiding in ambush. He managed to shout: “Guys, Germans!”, after which he was killed by a machine-gun burst. This saved the others - they managed to escape the ambush.
On October 26, 1941, a group of partisans from the detachment in which he was a war correspondent clashed with a German detachment. Gaidar jumped up to his full height and shouted to his comrades: “Forward! Behind me!". He was struck by German fire.
VERSIONS OF GAYDAR'S DEATH:
In 1947, Gaidar's remains were reburied in the city of Kanev.
Monument to Gaidar in Arzamas
Gaidar's name was given to many schools, streets of cities and villages. The monument to the hero of Gaidar's story Malchish-Kibalchish - the first monument to a literary hero in Moscow - was erected in 1972 near the City Palace of Children and Youth Creativity.
Film adaptations of works
1937 - Duma about the Cossack Golota
1940 - Timur and his team
1942 - Timur's Oath
1953 - Chuk and Gek
1954 - School of Courage
1955 - The Fate of a Drummer
1955 - Smoke in the Forest
1957 - On the count's ruins
1959 - Military secret
1960 - Let it shine
1964 - Blue Cup
1964 - The Tale of Malchish-Kibalchish
1964 - Distant countries
1965 - Hot Stone
1971 - Bumbarash
1976 - Timur and his team
1976 - The Fate of a Drummer
1977 - R.V.S.
1981 - School
1987 - Summer to Remember
Badge of Honor - state award of the USSR
Order of the Patriotic War - military order of the USSR
State awards of Arkady Gaidar
Yegor Timurovich Gaidar is a Russian statesman and political figure, economist, and held high positions in the Russian government. State Duma Deputy
Father, Timur Gaidar (1926−1999), is a foreign war correspondent for the Pravda newspaper, rear admiral, son of the famous Soviet writer Arkady Petrovich Gaidar.
Mother - Ariadna Pavlovna Bazhova, daughter of the writer Pavel Petrovich Bazhov. Thus, Yegor Gaidar was the grandson of two famous Soviet writers.
Yegor Gaidar
Pavel Bazhov
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Arkady Gaidar Born: January 22, 1904 City: Lgov Died: October 26, 1941 City: Moscow Author of the presentation Olga Viktorovna Liventsova GBOU Secondary School No. 473
Born in 1904 in the village of a sugar factory near Lgov, now the Kursk region, in a family of teachers - Pyotr Isidorovich Golikov (1879-1927) and Natalya Arkadyevna Salkova (1884-1924), a noblewoman, a distant relative of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov. The parents of the future writer took part in the revolutionary uprising in 1905. Soon P.I. Golikov received an appointment to Arzamas. Arkady Golikov lived there with his family until 1918. Arzamas. The house where A. Gaidar spent his childhood. Now the house houses a museum.
In the mid-1920s, Arkady married a 17-year-old Komsomol member from Perm, Lia Lazareva Solomyanskaya. In 1926, their son Timur was born in Arkhangelsk. But after five years, the wife left for someone else. In 1934, A.P. Gaidar came to see his son in the village of Ivnya, Belgorod Region, where L.L. Solomyanskaya edited the large-circulation newspaper of the political department of the Ivnyanskaya MTS “For the Harvest.” Here the writer worked on the stories “Blue Stars”, “Bumbarash” and “Military Secret”, and also participated in the work of the newspaper (wrote feuilletons, captions for cartoons). In the summer of 1938, Gaidar met D. M. Chernysheva and married her
One of the few books that Gaidar wrote
Arkady Gaidar died on October 26, 1941. Five partisans led by Gaidar moved towards the new base of the partisan detachment (carrying food for the fighters); on the morning of October 26, 1941, they stopped for a rest next to the railway embankment near the village of Leplyavo. Gaidar took a bucket to collect potatoes from the trackman's house. At the very crest of the embankment I noticed Germans hiding in ambush. He managed to shout: “Guys, Germans!” - after which he was killed by a machine-gun burst. This saved the others - they managed to escape the ambush. He was buried in the city of Kanev. Schools and libraries, streets in cities and towns are named after Gaidar. Arkady's son, Timur Gaidar, became a rear admiral, and his grandson, Yegor Gaidar, became the youngest prime minister in Russian history.
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Arkady Petrovich Gaidar Titova Alena Vladimirovna as a teacher at MKOU Ordynsk sanatorium boarding school
“He was cheerful and straightforward, like a child. His words did not diverge from deeds, thought from feeling, life from poetry. He was both the author and the hero of his books.” S.Marshak
Arkady Petrovich Gaidar (real name - Golikov). Born on January 22, 1904 in the village of a sugar factory near Lgov, now the Kursk region, in the family of a teacher - Pyotr Isidorovich and Natalya Arkadyevna Salkova, a noblewoman, a distant relative of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov.
Life for a 13-year-old teenager, a future famous writer, is a game full of dangers: he participates in rallies, patrols the streets of Arzamas, and becomes a Bolshevik liaison. At the age of 14 he joined the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and worked for the local newspaper Molot. In January 1919, as a volunteer, hiding his age, Arkady entered the Red Army, soon became an adjutant, studied at the Red commanders' courses, took part in battles, where he was wounded. Arkady left to fight when he was not yet fifteen years old. He raved about military exploits from the time when his father, Pyotr Isidorovich, a rural teacher, took part in the First World War.
In 1920, Arkady Golikov was already a headquarters commissar. In 1921 - commander of a department of the Nizhny Novgorod regiment. He fought on the Caucasian front, on the Don, near Sochi, participated in the suppression of the Antonov rebellion, and in Khakassia he took part in operations against the “Emperor of the Taiga” I. N. Solovyov. Accused of arbitrary execution (in the case of I.N. Solovyov), he was expelled from the party for six months and sent on long leave due to a nervous illness, which subsequently did not leave him throughout his life. “Youthful maximalism, a thirst for exploits, an early sense of power and responsibility confirmed Golikov in the idea that the only possible future for him was to be an officer in the Red Army. He is preparing to enter the military academy, but after a shell shock he is demobilized. And he starts writing.
During the Great Patriotic War, Gaidar was in the active army, as a correspondent for Komsomolskaya Pravda. He was a witness and participant in the Kyiv defensive operation of the Southwestern Front. He wrote military essays “At the crossing”, “The bridge”, “At the front line”, “Rockets and grenades”. After the encirclement of the Southwestern Front near Kiev, in September 1941, Arkady Petrovich ended up in Gorelov’s partisan detachment. He was a machine gunner in the detachment. On October 26, 1941, near the village of Lyaplyavaya in Ukraine, Arkady Gaidar died in battle with the Germans, warning members of his squad about the danger. Buried in Kanev. He was 37 years old.
Literary activity The author's mentors in the literary field were M. Slonimsky, K. Fedin, S. Semenov. Gaidar began publishing in 1925. The work "R.V.S." turned out to be significant. The writer became a true classic of children's literature, becoming famous for his works about military camaraderie and sincere friendship. The literary pseudonym "Gaidar" stands for "Golikov Arkady D" ARzamas " (in imitation of the name D'Artagnan from Dumas' "The Three Musketeers"). The most famous works of Arkady Gaidar: "P.B.C." (1925), “Distant Countries”, “The Fourth Dugout”, “School” (1930), “Timur and His Team” (1940), “Chuk and Gek”, “The Fate of the Drummer”, stories “Hot Stone”, “Blue cup"… The writer's works were included in the school curriculum, were actively filmed, and translated into many languages of the world. The work “Timur and His Team” actually marked the beginning of a unique Timur movement, which aimed at voluntary assistance to veterans and elderly people on the part of the pioneers.
Several films have been made based on Gaidar's works: "Bumbarash". "Timur and his team", 1940 "Timur and his team", 1976 "Timur's Oath" "The Tale of Malchish-Kibalchish" "The Fate of the Drummer", 1955 "The Fate of the Drummer", 1976 "School" "Chuk and Gek"
Gaidar's name was given to many schools, streets of cities and villages of the USSR. The monument to the hero of Gaidar's story Malchish-Kibalchish - the first monument to a literary character in the capital (sculptor V.K. Frolov, architect V.S. Kubasov) - was erected in 1972 near the City Palace of Children and Youth Creativity on Vorobyovy Gory. Arkady Gaidar was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor and the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, posthumously.
Internet resources http:// www.people.su/131397 http:// www.piplz.ru/page.php?id=130 http:// gaidarovka-metod.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id= 143&Itemid=122 http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%E0%E9%E4%E0%F0,_%C0%F0%EA%E0%E4%E8%E9_% CF%E5%F2% F0%EE%E2%E8%F7
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Lesson topic: “A.P. Gaidar - life and creativity”
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Fighter, writer, citizen, permanent leader! We consider his life extraordinary. But he himself did not think so and called his life “an ordinary biography in an extraordinary time.”
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“I joined the army when I was just a boy, when, apart from impulse, I had nothing solid and definite...” FROM LETTERS TO YOUR FATHER. 1921
Battalion commander A. Golikov. 1922
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I loved the Red Army and thought of staying in it for the rest of my life. But in 1923, due to an old contusion on the right side of my head, I suddenly became seriously ill. Something was making noise in my temples, buzzing, and my lips were twitching unpleasantly. I was treated for a long time, and finally, in April 1924, just when I turned twenty years old, I was enlisted as a regiment commander in the reserve. A. GAYDAR. AUTOBIOGRAPHY. I left the army in December 1924 because I got sick. Then I started writing. A. GAYDAR. AN ORDINARY BIOGRAPHY IN AN EXTRAORDINARY TIME.
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A. Gaidar with his son Timur. 1939
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hot stone
And before sunset, an old man came to the mountain to the exhausted and chilled Ivashka, who was huddled and drying his dirty, wet clothes near a hot stone. Why, grandpa, didn’t you bring a hammer, an ax, or a crowbar? - cried Ivashka, surprised. “Or are you hoping to cut the stone with your hand?” “No, Ivashka,” answered the old man, “I don’t hope to break it with my hand.” I won't break the stone at all, because I don't want to start living all over again. (...)
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... “Hot Stone” is perceived as a genuine fairy tale, wise and poetic, and, what is especially dear, as Gaidar’s fairy tale about himself, as a figurative testament of Gaidar, left by him before his death to his readers-children.
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Nina returned, sat down and cried. No! She didn't feel sorry for the stolen breakfast. But the cheerful birds sang too well above her head. And it was very heavy on her heart, which was gnawing by a merciless conscience.
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Gaidar called his life “an ordinary biography in an extraordinary time.” Indeed, the time was truly extraordinary - Gaidar was given two revolutions and three wars in his short life. He lived in a special time, but his fate was also unusual.
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Arkady considered Arzamas his hometown. He spent his entire childhood here. “Our town of Arzamas was quiet, all in gardens surrounded by shabby fences. Blooming ponds stretched across the city past the gardens...” A.P. Gaidar
Now the house houses a museum.
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The unusual in the biography of A.P. Gaidar begins with his pedigree.
The writer's MOTHER, Natalya Arkadyevna Salkova, the daughter of an officer, was the sixth cousin of M.Yu. Lermontov. Of course, this fact has not so much a questionnaire as a symbolic meaning and cannot but excite our imagination. One cannot help but want to connect the roots of Gaidar’s poetic talent with him. After graduating from high school, she left home, broke with her environment, deciding to devote her life to educating the people. She herself received the right to teach in the lower grades and therefore, upon arriving at a new place, she and her husband began teaching work. Natalya Arkadyevna Salkova (Golikova)
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Gaidar's FATHER, Pyotr Isidorovich Golikov, was the grandson of a serf peasant, thanks to perseverance and perseverance he made his way to education and worked as a teacher. It is quite possible to associate Arkady’s talent with his father, who had a light, lively style and a penchant for writing. It was precisely with his talent, spiritual wealth and wide reading that he, then a seminarian, conquered the high school student Natasha, who, following the example of her favorite literary heroines, disregarding class prejudices and contrary to her father’s will, marries a modest teacher who had just received a diploma and an assignment to the Lgov elementary school ( Kursk province). Petr Isidorovich Golikov
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Arkady's childhood with his usual boyish activities - real school, games, first poems, "sea battles" on the pond - coincided with the First World War and the revolution. When Arkady was 14 years old, he volunteered for the Red Army. Gaidar was a physically strong and tall guy. He managed to do everything: guard the city at night, educate himself, write for the student newspaper. At the age of 16, Gaidar commanded a regiment. Over the course of four war years, he went from adjutant to regiment commander. Arkady walked a long and glorious path along the fronts of the civil war. He experienced the death of many friends, learned the resentment and bitterness of defeat, and the inspiring joy of victory.
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Extraordinary times gave birth to unprecedented biographies
In December 1924, Gaidar left the army due to illness (after being wounded and shell-shocked). I had to learn to live in a new way. Gaidar’s meeting with commander M.V. Frunze helped him find his place in the ranks. Arkady decided to help people now not with weapons, but with a pen in his hands. “Probably because I was still a boy in the army, I wanted to tell the new boys and girls what life was like, how it all began and continued.” A.P. Gaidar
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This is how Gaidar entered literature...
The Second Army, a multimillion-dollar army of readers, has found its commander. His stories about heroes and ordinary people captivated not only children, but also adults. If you carefully read Gaidar’s short stories, you can say that they were written by a cheerful man, with an open heart and a strong character, a man who has seen a lot in life. Gaidar loved brave, truthful people, devoted to the revolution and the Motherland. It shows heroes, adults and children, in the most difficult, decisive moments of life. At such moments, a person gathers all his strength, all his mind to do the right thing, with dignity. At such moments you can see what a person is capable of, what he is worth. So, the choice has been made: to write about children and for children. Big, cheerful, clear-eyed, sitting down by the children's fire, He composed his stories, Like an endless game.
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During his short life, Gaidar did not manage to write much: all the best that he created can easily fit into a one-volume book. The works he created are small - these are stories or novellas. Gaidar has always been one of the most beloved Soviet children's writers. He was a participant in revolutionary events, a fighter in the Red Army, he told the boys and girls of the Soviet country about the revolution and the Civil War. But times have changed. The time in which Gaidar lived and worked, the ideals in which he believed, were reassessed. But his best books are not outdated.
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Gaidar considered his best works to be the story “R.V.S” (1925), the stories “Distant Countries”, “The Fourth Dugout” and “School” (1930), and “Timur and His Team” (1940). He traveled a lot around the country, met different people, and greedily absorbed life. He knew how to write, locked in his office, at a comfortable table. He composed on the go, thought about his books on the road, recited entire pages by heart, and then wrote them down in simple notebooks.
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Other famous works of Arkady Gaidar: “Chuk and Gek”, “The Fate of the Drummer”, the stories “Hot Stone”, “The Blue Cup”... The writer’s works were included in the school curriculum, were actively filmed, and translated into many languages of the world. The work “Timur and His Team” actually marked the beginning of a unique Timur movement, which aimed at voluntary assistance to veterans and elderly people on the part of the pioneers.
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Writer and journalist Arkady Golikov began signing his works with the pseudonym “Gaidar” in 1925. Biographers have made various assumptions. "Gaidar" in Mongolian means "horseman galloping ahead." This is what one of the versions sounds like. Gaidar served in Khakassia in 1922. He was the head of the second combat area for combating banditry. Local residents, seeing him, asked each other: “Haidar Golikov?”, which meant “Where is Golikov going? Which way?" This is where the word “Gaidar” came from.
Monument to A.P. Gaidar in Arzamas
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The Great Patriotic War…
The war began and Gaidar, of course, could not remain on the sidelines. And he went to the front, albeit not as a soldier, but as a correspondent. He walked ahead and for a moment discovered the ambush before the others. He managed to warn his comrades, but he himself fell, struck by a fascist bullet. The creator of favorite children's books and a faithful friend of the children, he lived like a fighter should live, and died like a soldier. Open the school story - Gaidar wrote it: The hero is true to that story And brave, even though he is small in stature
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On February 27, 1963 in the Kremlin, the son of A.P. Gaidar, captain of the first rank Timur Arkadyevich Gaidar, was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, first degree, which was posthumously awarded to his father.
Gaidar's name is immortalized in the names of hundreds of streets, schools, Palaces of Pioneers, and libraries. His proud name is borne by ships and diesel locomotives, a village in Kazakhstan and a distant asteroid.
“He died riddled with fascist bullets, he died defending his dear native country. He lived as a wonderful writer and an extraordinary person and died a hero." Konstantin Paustovsky
Memorial to Arkady Gaidar in the Children's City Recreation Park in Khabarovsk. Author - Galina Mazurenko A building in Khabarovsk that housed the editorial office of the Pacific Star newspaper. In 1956, a memorial plaque in memory of Arkady Gaidar was fixed on it. Memorial plaque of Arkady Gaidar.
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Quiz
Where and when was Arkady Gaidar born? The surname “Gaidar” is a pseudonym. What is the real name of Arkady Petrovich? 3. How old was Arkady when he joined the Red Army? 4. . How old was Gaidar when he was appointed regiment commander? January 22, 1904 in Lgov, Kursk Province Golikov 14 years old 16 years old
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5. Why did Arkady leave the army? 6. About whom and for whom did Gaidar write? 7. Under what circumstances did Arkady die? 8. How many years did this amazing man live on earth?
Due to illness About children and for children Shot by a fascist bullet during the Great Patriotic War 37 years old
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Resources:
http://www.litra.ru/biography/get/wrid/00576591211284022442 http://www.gaidardb.ru/nash-gaidar/ http://www.aodb.ru/gaydar/biography/
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