A couple of days ago Alena Belova wrote to me asking me to show how to draw a folk costume with a pencil. I have already done a lot of drawing lessons on different clothes. You will see links to them below, under this lesson. And for this I selected a picture depicting women’s festive clothing from the Tver province of the 19th century:

On the left is a sundress, a shirt and a belt. On the right is a girl's festive shirt with a belt. If you were asked this topic in history or art class, you can use this lesson:

How to draw a Russian folk costume with a pencil step by step

Step one. I sketch the main parts of the costumes. This is no different from a sketch of a person, only without the head and legs. It is also important to maintain proportions here.

Step two. Draw the shape of the dresses. Folk costumes (at least ours) were not open, so here almost the entire body is hidden.

Step three. A very important point is the folds. Without them, the drawing will look like a paper dress. Try to show all possible curves and shadows from them on the dress.

Step four. Another distinctive feature of folk costume is the abundance of patterns. This is not just some kind of invention from Armani or Gucci. Each pattern means something. It’s difficult to draw them, but if you don’t do this, it will be difficult for the viewer to determine: is this a dress of some young lady or a folk costume? And so, by looking just for a second, anyone can determine without error.

Step five. If you add shading, the drawing will become more realistic.

I already wrote above that I have a lot of drawing lessons here. You can take any theme that has clothes in it and copy it. But I have selected the best thematic lessons from this and am giving them to you.

How to draw a Russian folk costume with a pencil step by step

A couple of days ago Alena Belova wrote to me asking me to show how to draw a folk costume with a pencil. I have already done a lot of drawing lessons on different clothes. You will see links to them below, under this lesson. And for this I selected a picture depicting women’s festive clothing from the Tver province of the 19th century:

On the left is a sundress, a shirt and a belt. On the right is a girl's festive shirt with a belt. If you were asked this topic in history or art class, you can use this lesson:

How to draw a Russian folk costume with a pencil step by step

Step one. I sketch the main parts of the costumes. This is no different from a sketch of a person, only without the head and legs. It is also important to maintain proportions here.

Step two. Draw the shape of the dresses. Folk costumes (at least ours) were not open, so here almost the entire body is hidden.

Step three. A very important point is the folds. Without them, the drawing will look like a paper dress. Try to show all possible curves and shadows from them on the dress.

Step four. Another distinctive feature of folk costume is the abundance of patterns. This is not just some kind of invention from Armani or Gucci. Each pattern means something. It’s difficult to draw them, but if you don’t do this, it will be difficult for the viewer to determine: is this a dress of some young lady or a folk costume? And so, by looking just for a second, anyone can determine without error.

Despite the change of names and political system, our country carries the ancient and special cultural values ​​of our ancestors. They lie not only in art, traditions, and characteristic features of the nation, but also in the national costume.

History of creation

Old Russian costume is considered to be the national clothing of the population of Rus' during the pre-Mongol invasion and Moscow Rus', before Peter I came to power. N and the formation of special features of outfits was influenced by several factors at once: close relations with Byzantium and Western Europe, with climatic conditions, activities of the vast majority of the population(cattle breeding, arable farming).

Clothes were made mainly from linen, cotton, wool, and they themselves had a simple cut and a long, closed style. But those who could afford it, decorated the modest outfit in every possible way with immodest decorative elements: pearls, beads, silk embroidery, embroidery with gold or silver thread, fur trim. The national costume was also distinguished by its bright colors (crimson, scarlet, azure, green shades).

The costume of the era of Moscow Rus' from the 15th to the 17th centuries retained its characteristic features, but underwent some changes towards a more intricate cut. The differences in the attire of the population were influenced by class division: the richer and more noble a person was, the more multi-layered his outfit was, and it was worn both indoors and outdoors, regardless of the time of year. Swinging and fitted clothes appeared, and Eastern and Polish culture had their influence. In addition to flax, cloth, silk, and velvet materials were used. There remains a tradition of sewing bright clothes and richly decorating them.

At the turn of the 17th – 18th centuries, Peter I issued decrees prohibiting everyone except peasants and priests from dressing in national costumes, which played a negative role in their development. The decrees were issued with the aim of establishing political relations with European allies and adopting their culture. The people were forcibly instilled with taste, replacing chic, but long-length and uncomfortable multi-layered clothes with more comfortable and lightweight pan-European ones with short caftans and low-cut dresses.

The Russian national costume remained in use by the people and merchants, but still adopted some fashion trends, for example, a sundress belted under the chest. In the second half of the 18th century, Catherine II made an attempt to restore some national identity to European costumes that had become fashionable, especially with regard to the materials used and the pomp of decoration.

The 19th century returned the demand for national costume, in which patriotism, growing due to the Patriotic War, played a role. Sundresses and kokoshniks returned to the everyday life of noble ladies. They were made from brocade, muslin, cambric. The emerging clothing, for example, the “women’s uniform,” may not outwardly resemble the national costume, but still had a certain symbolic division into “shirt” and “sarafan.” In the 20th century, due to being cut off from European suppliers, there was a peculiar return of national dresses, and in the second half, in the 70s, it was nothing more than a fashion trend.

Despite the fact that a certain traditional set of clothing can be distinguished, due to the large territory of the country The national costume took on characteristic features in certain regions. The North Russian set is word of mouth, and the slightly older South Russian set is ponyevny. In central Russia, the costume was more similar to the northern one, but there were features from the southern regions.

Sundresses were swinging and blind, had a trapezoidal style, and were sewn from one or several fabrics. Simpler sundresses are products with straps, straight cut. Festive ones were made of silk and brocade, and for everyday affairs and life - cloth and chintz. Sometimes a soul warmer was worn over the sundress.

The South Russian costume included a long shirt and a loincloth skirt - ponev. Poneva was worn over a shirt, wrapped around the hips and secured with a woolen cord at the waist. It could be either hinged or closed, and be complemented by an apron.

Each province had its own preferences and features in decoration, colors, elements and even names. In the Voronezh province, ponevs were decorated with orange embroidery, in the Arkhangelsk, Tver and Vologda provinces geometric symbols were common, and what was called “feryaz” in the Yaroslavl province was “magpie” in the Smolensk province.

The modern world has its own special fashion, but people are interested in the origins and national clothing. Traditional outfits can be seen in museums and sometimes at exhibitions; they are used for theater and dance performances, and at festivals. Many designers and fashion designers use the characteristic features of Russian folk costume in their collections, and some of them, like researchers, delve into detailed study, for example, Sergey Glebushkin and Fyodor Parmon.

Peculiarities

Despite the large differences in regions and even provinces, it is possible to identify common characteristic features of national Russian clothing: multi-layered, flared silhouette, bright colors, rich trim.

Multi-component attire was characteristic of all segments of the population. While the working people's costume could consist of seven elements, the rich nobles already had twenty. One garment was worn on top of another, be it swinging, blind, slip-on, with fasteners and ties. The national outfit is practically not characterized by a fitted silhouette; on the contrary, loose, trapezoidal styles are held in high esteem, and in most cases the length is floor-length.

The Russian people have long had a passion for bright flowers that bring joy. The most common are red, blue, gold, white, light blue, pink, crimson, green, gray. But besides them, each province had its own preferences in shades, of which there were a great variety: lingonberry, cornflower blue, smoky, nettle, lemon, poppy, sugar, dark clove, saffron - and that’s just a few of them. But black was used only in elements of some regions, and then for a long time was associated exclusively with mourning attire.

Since ancient times, embroidery has had a sacred meaning for the Russian national costume. First of all, it has always acted not as decoration, but as a talisman, protection from evil spirits. Pagan symbolism did not fall into oblivion even with the advent of Christianity, but the ornaments acquired new elements, combining old Slavic and new church motifs. Protective amulets were embroidered on the collar, cuffs, and hem. The most commonly used color scheme was red threads on a white canvas, and only after that multicolor began to spread.

Over time, embroidery acquired a rather decorative character, although it carried themes of ancient ornaments and patterns. The development of gold embroidery art, embroidery with river pearls, and crafts, elements of which were transferred from dishes and furniture to clothing, also played a role in changing the meaning. The original Russian pattern assumes strict geometric shapes, almost complete absence of rounded elements, which was determined by the embroidery technique. The most common motifs and specific symbols: the sun, flowers and plants, animals (birds, horses, deer), female figures, huts, figures (diamonds, beveled cross, herringbone, rosettes, octagonal stars).

The use of elements of crafts, for example, Khokhloma or Gorodets painting, came into use later.

In addition to embroidery, the outfits of the nobility were decorated with buttons(wooden buttons entwined with gingham, lace, pearls, and sometimes precious stones), to lace and fur along the hem and neck, stripes, necklaces(embroidered with pearls, snap-on collar made of satin, velvet, brocade). Additional elements include false sleeves, belts and sashes, bags sewn to them, jewelry, muffs, and hats.

Varieties

The modern women's national costume is a kind of compilation of several characteristic features at once, because in fact there are a lot of types and variants of the original Russian costume. Most often we imagine a shirt with voluminous long sleeves, a colored or red sundress. However, although the simplified version is the most common, it is far from the only one, since many designers and simply folk artists return to the traditions of their regions, which means that various styles and elements come into use.

Costumes for girls and children are very similar to adult models and include shirts, blouses, trousers, sundresses, aprons, skirts, and hats. Very children's models can be sewn with short sleeves, for greater convenience, and, in principle, have the general appearance of a dress, but with certain national elements. For teenage girls, there is a greater variety of adult models, not only sundresses and shirts, but also fur coats.

Winter folk costume consists of a lot of heavy clothing. In addition to a warm woolen sundress, part of the outfit for the cold season is a short, swinging fur coat, opashen, soul warmer, padded warmer, fur coats, woolen stockings, warm hats and shawls. Richer versions contain natural fur.

Holidays

Stage costumes There are two types: those most similar to real national outfits (for the choir), in which the rules of tailoring are observed, and stylized ones, in which many traditional elements are present, but the necessary deviations are allowed. For example, outfits for round dance, Russian folk dance or other dance styles should, first of all, be as comfortable as possible, so skirts can be shortened, excessively fluffy, and sleeves not only long, but also ¾, “lanterns”. In addition, stage costumes, unless it is a theatrical production, are richly decorated and as bright as possible, attracting attention.

Wedding national costumes look especially elegant and luxurious. For the rich and noble, they were made from heavy, expensive fabrics, while the people could afford simpler ones, such as linen. White color was considered a symbol of holiness, so wedding dresses were made in other colors - silver, cream or multi-colored, elegant. The presence of embroidery of flora symbols - berries, leaves, flowers was considered mandatory. In addition, the concept of wedding attire included four sets of clothes - for pre-wedding festivities, weddings, ceremonies and celebrations.

Folklore costumes are as close as possible to the originals. Craftsmen recreate costumes with the characteristic features of a particular region or province. Carnival costumes can be similar to folk costumes or, conversely, be simplified in many ways. However, festive outfits are undoubtedly bright and maximally decorated.

Modern style

National color is one of the special styles in fashion, because it involves the interweaving of modern fashion trends and traditional features in the culture of a particular people. Slavic and Russian motifs are loved not only by our compatriots, but also by some foreign designers. You can wear these clothes to any event and still look ultra-stylish and appropriate.

Women's urban costume in folk style: jacket, apron
Russia. Late 19th century
Cotton, linen threads; weaving, cross stitch, multi-pair weaving.

Peasant woman's outerwear
Tula province. Early 20th century
Wool fabric; dl. 90 cm

Peasant woman's outerwear: "fur coat"

Cloth, chintz; machine stitching. Dl. 115 cm

Women's outerwear "Odezhina"
Nizhny Novgorod province. 19th century

Women's folk costume. Sundress, shirt, apron
Nizhny Novgorod province. 19th century
Burgundy satin, red silk and striped satin;

Women's costume: paneva, shirt, apron, "magpie" headdress, necklace, belt

Woolen fabric, linen, chintz, braid, wool, silk and metal threads, beads; weaving, embroidery, weaving.

Women's costume: paneva, shirt, apron, scarf
Oryol province. Second half of the 19th century.
Woolen fabric and thread, braid, linen, cotton thread, satin, silk; woven weaving, embroidery, patterned weaving.

Women's costume: paneva, shirt, shushpan, chain, apron, "magpie" headdress
Ryazan province. Second half of the 19th century.
Woolen fabric, linen, cotton fabric, metal, cotton threads, beads; weaving, embroidery, weaving.

Women's costume: sundress, belt, shirt, headband, necklace

Printed canvas, calico, linen, silk ribbon, colored thread, galloon, amber; sewing, printing, cutting.

Festive Cossack costume: sundress, sleeves, belt, headscarf
Ural, Uralsk. Late 19th - early 20th centuries.
Satin, silk, calico, galloon, gilded thread, beat, crystal, silver, silver thread; embroidery.

Peasant woman's costume, urban type: sundress, jacket, kokoshnik, scarf
Arkhangelsk province. Early 20th century
Silk, satin, calico, galloon, fringe, braid, artificial pearls, metal thread; embroidery

Peasant woman costume: sundress, apron, belt, shirt, scarf
Kursk province. Late 19th - early 20th centuries.
Woolen, linen, silk fabric, galloon, velvet, brocade, calico, braid; weaving

Peasant woman costume: sundress, shirt, apron, headdress “collection”
Vologda province. Late 19th century
Cotton fabric, canvas, silk ribbons, lace; weaving, embroidery, weaving

Peasant woman costume: sundress, shirt, belt
Smolensk province. Late 19th century
Broadcloth, chintz, cotton fabric, wool, cotton threads; embroidery, weaving.

Belts for folk costume
Russia. Late 19th - early 20th centuries.
Woolen, linen, silk threads; weaving, knitting, weaving. 272x3.2 cm, 200x3.6 cm

Girl's costume: paneva, shirt, "top", belt, gaitan, "bundle"
Tula province. Late 19th - early 20th century.
Woolen, linen fabric, linen, calico, chintz, galloon, fringe, woolen thread; weaving, embroidery, weaving.

Chest decoration: chain
Southern provinces. Second half of the 19th century. Beads, linen thread; weaving.

Girls' festive costume: sundress, shirt
Northern provinces. Early 19th century
Taffeta, muslin, silver, metal thread; embroidery.

"Mother" costume: sundress, warmer, beads
Saint Petersburg. Late 19th - early 20th centuries.
Silk, metal thread, fringe, agramant, artificial pearls;

Girls' festive costume: sundress, sleeves, headband, necklace
Upper Volga region. Second half of the 18th century.
Damask, chintz, brocade, mother of pearl, pearls, braid, woven lace; embroidery, threading.

Women's festive costume: sundress, shirt, kokoshnik, scarf
Upper Volga region. 19th century
Silk, brocade, muslin, metal and cotton threads, galloon, beads; weaving, embroidery.

Women's festive costume: sundress, padded warmer, kokoshnik "head", scarf
Tver province Second half of the 19th century.
Damask, silk, brocade, velvet, fringe, metal thread, mother-of-pearl, beads; weaving, embroidery

Girl's headdress: crown
Arkhangelsk province. Second half of the 19th century.
Canvas, glass beads, beads, braid, cord, metal; embroidery. 35x24 cm

Girl's headdress "Lenka"
Russia. 19th century Fabric, gold thread;; embroidery.

Girl's headdress: crown
Kostroma province Beginning of the 19th century.
Canvas, cord, copper, foil, mother-of-pearl, glass, sparkles, linen thread; weaving, embroidery. 28x33 cm

Girl's headdress: crown
Northwestern region. First half of the 19th century
Canvas, cord, rhinestones, freshwater pearls; embroidery. 13x52 cm

Girl's headdress: koruna
Vologda province. Second half of the 19th century.
Canvas, braid, cord, foil, beads, gimp, satin, calico, heel; embroidery. 36x15 cm

Arkhangelsk province. Second half of the 19th century.
Galun, calico, silver thread, fringe, artificial pearls; embroidery. 92x21.5 cm

Girl's headdress: headband
Upper Volga region. First half of the 19th century
Brocade, foil, pearls, turquoise, glass; embroidery, threading. 28x97.5 cm

Upper Volga region. 19th century.
Velvet, chintz, braid, metal thread; embroidery. 14x24 cm

Women's headdress: kokoshnik
Central provinces. 19th century
Brocade, galloon, mother-of-pearl, artificial pearls, glass; embroidery. 40x40 cm

Women's headdress: kokoshnik
Kostroma province. Late 18th - early 19th century.
Velvet, canvas, cotton fabric, braid, pearls, glass, metal thread; embroidery. 32x17x12 cm

Women's headdress: kokoshnik
Pskov province. Second half of the 19th century.
Brocade, white beads, canvas; embroidery. 27x26 cm

Women's headdress: kokoshnik "head"
Tver province. 19th century
Velvet, mother of pearl, beads, metal thread; weaving, embroidery. 15x20 cm

Women's headdress: warrior
Ryazan province. Early 20th century
Chintz, canvas, metallic sequins, beads; embroidery. 20x22 cm

Women's headdress: back of the head
Southern provinces. 19th century
Kumach, canvas, cotton fabric, metal thread, beads, threads; embroidery, threading. 31.5x52 cm

Women's headdress: collection
Northern provinces. Second half of the 19th century.
Canvas, calico, chintz, gilded metal thread, glass, beads; embroidery. 23x17.7 cm

Women's headdress: magpie
Voronezh province. Late 19th - early 20th centuries.
Canvas, velvet, satin, chintz, wool, metallic threads, sequins, galloon; embroidery.

Silk, metal thread, beat; embroidery. 160x77 cm

Head scarf
Nizhny Novgorod province. Second half of the 19th century.
Taffeta, metallic thread, cotton fabric; embroidery. 133x66 cm

Wallet. Late 18th century
Silk, metal thread, printed material; embroidery. 11x8 cm

Wallet in the shape of a jug
Russia. Second third of the 19th century.
Silk, cotton thread, beads, copper; Crochet. 12x6.7 cm

Necklace
Russia. Second half of the 19th century.
Beads, glass beads, linen thread, silk braid; weaving. 52x2 cm

Earrings. Russia. Second half of the 19th century.
Pearls, glass, copper, horsehair; weaving, cutting, stamping. 7.8x4.1 cm

Earrings and necklace. Russia. Late 18th - early 19th centuries.
Linen thread, mother of pearl, glass beads, pearls, copper; weaving

Chest decoration: "mushroom"
Voronezh province. Late 19th - early 20th centuries.
Woolen, metallic threads, sequins, glass beads; lowering Dl. 130 cm

Apron for women's holiday costume
Tula province. Second half of the 19th century.
Linen, lace, linen and cotton threads; embroidery, weaving. 121x105 cm

Head scarf
Russia. Second half of the 19th century. Silk thread; weaving. 100x100 cm

Head scarf Russia. 19th century Chintz; seal. 131x123 cm

Shawl Moscow province Russia. 1860 -1880s
Silk; weaving. 170x170 cm

Russian culture has always, and now, in modern times, been of particular interest to many people. Our history is rich in painters, writers, and poets. Russian culture has always been very interesting for the whole world. National costumes are an integral part of the culture of any nation or nationality. Interest in the Russian national costume today is especially great in connection with the recent Winter Olympics. Sochi. All foreigners want to buy souvenirs for themselves - dolls in Russian costumes. But, you can also draw either dolls or figures of people in such costumes. What we will do today and teach you how to correctly draw Russian national costumes step by step - male and female.

Stage 1. First, let's draw the initial lines of the female and male figures. Two circles - heads, necks, quadrangles - bodies, lines of arms and legs.

Stage 2. We begin to draw circles with smooth lines, gradually giving contours to the faces. We show the lines of the cheeks, chins, ears, and the beginning of the neck.

Stage 3. Now let's draw the facial expressions. Using an auxiliary line inside the circle, we show the eyes with eyelashes, eyebrows above them, the outline of the nose with nostrils and lips in a friendly, benevolent smile.

Stage 4. Here we draw the girl a beautiful thick braided braid falling forward, we outline her head in a semicircle - a kokoshnik - a Russian national headdress. From under the kokoshnik you can see the lace framing the forehead. On the ears we will show beautiful diamond-shaped earrings, the end of the braid is decorated with a satin bow. We'll put a cap with a visor on the guy's head, with a rose attached to the side.

Stage 5. Let's start drawing the costumes (clothes). On it we draw a stand-up collar, the chest section of the sundress and a belt under the chest. There are two strings of beads on the neck, draw them in circles. He is wearing a shirt with a stand-up collar, the shirt is quite long, covers the top of his trousers, and is belted with a belt.

Stage 6. Let's show on the right hand the sleeve from the shirt, grabbed at the bottom of the hand with a cuff. The guy's shirt sleeve also covers his arm. With the same hand he holds the national musical instrument - the balalaika. We draw a triangle from which the balalaika handle extends, with strings on it.

Stage 7. We finish drawing the left hands of both characters. The girl has a handkerchief clutched in her fingers. With his left hand the guy holds the handle of the balalaika, clamping the strings.

Stage 8. We finish drawing Russian national costumes, depicting the hem of the sundress and trousers. The sundress is flared down, gathered in folds. The trousers are harem pants, quite wide, tucked into boots. We draw the legs along the straight lines from stage 1.

Stage 9. Now we draw patterns on the sundress - vertical and horizontal lines. There is a row of buttons in the middle. We make the guy's bloomers striped.