Alexander Pushkin - In the depths of Siberian ores: a brief analysis. “In the depths of Siberian ores...”, analysis of Pushkin’s poem

When analyzing Pushkin's poem, one must take into account that the history of the creation of this work is inextricably linked with the events that took place in Russia: the December uprising on Senate Square and the execution of the participants in this uprising. This work is a message to like-minded people, friends who found themselves in Siberian penal servitude after a failed coup attempt. The poem, like most of Pushkin’s other freedom-loving works, was distributed in lists.

Two events prompted Pushkin to write this work. The first is the anniversary of the uprising, and the second: he learned about the departure of A.G. Muravyova. The poet had a great desire to support people with whom he was connected by spiritual closeness, and with some of the Decembrists - friendship.

The work is written in the genre of a lyric poem, but it contains the idea of ​​civic duty. The theme of the poem is friendship and freedom.

The message is written emotionally. Consists of 4 stanzas. Despite the epithets - mournful, gloomy, heavy, convicts, it breathes faith in a bright future. It contains sublime vocabulary: shackles, freedom, voice.

In the first stanza, the poet calls on those sentenced to hard labor to be patient and believe that everything can change. In the following stanzas, he shows what changes can happen: the desired time will come; Love and friendship... will reach through the dark gates, and finally,

The heavy shackles will fall,
The dungeons will collapse and there will be freedom
You will be greeted joyfully at the entrance,
And the brothers will give you the sword.

When Pushkin wrote this poem, he understood perfectly well that under the existing government it could not be published in the open press. With his message, the poet sought to be heard by prisoners of the tsarist regime. He was worried that on such an important day for the country he could not be where all the progressive youth of St. Petersburg were.

The entire poem is built on antitheses, that is, on oppositions: sorrowful work - high aspiration, misfortune - fun, convict holes - free voice, dungeons - freedom.

The rhythm of the poem, written in iambic quadruple, gives the work energy and cheerfulness. The feet are two-syllable with stress on the second syllable. The poem uses a combined rhyme scheme: in the 1st stanza - cross, in the 2nd and 4th - enveloping, in the 3rd stanza an adjacent rhyme is used.

The sublime energy of the poem is also contributed by assonance and alliteration - a special sound organization of the text in which vowels (with assonance) and consonants (with alliteration) sounds are repeated.

Deep in Siberian ores
Keep your proud patience,
Your sorrowful work will not be wasted
And I think about high aspiration.

Alliteration to the sound “r” gives the work firmness and determination.

The main idea of ​​the poem is aimed at the future. The future of society, the country, each of the Decembrists individually.

Did the country need this sacrifice? Neither Pushkin, nor the Decembrists, nor Herzen, whom the Decembrists awakened, would ever know what social cataclysms resulted in the development of the liberation movement, which lasted for a hundred years. They simply believed that they were acting for the good of the country and the enslaved people.

“In the depths of Siberian ores...” Alexander Pushkin

Deep in Siberian ores
Keep your proud patience,
Your sorrowful work will not be wasted
And I think about high aspiration.

Unluckily faithful sister,
Hope in a dark dungeon
Will awaken vigor and joy,
The desired time will come:

Love and friendship up to you
They will reach through the dark gates,
Like in your convict holes
My free voice comes through.

The heavy shackles will fall,
The dungeons will collapse and there will be freedom
You will be greeted joyfully at the entrance,
And the brothers will give you the sword.

Analysis of Pushkin’s poem “In the depths of Siberian ores...”

Alexander Pushkin perceived the events of 1825 as a personal tragedy, when, after a failed uprising, dozens of Decembrists were exiled to hard labor in Siberia. Among them were many of the poet’s friends who were members of secret societies, but did not want to let Pushkin in on their plans. This was explained simply: the future classic of Russian literature was constantly in conflict with the authorities and by 1925 he had been in exile twice. But this did not moderate his ardor, and Pushkin would certainly have become a participant in the uprising if he had known in advance that it would happen.

However, fate decreed otherwise, and during the December events of 1825, the poet was in Mikhailovskoye, where he was actually under house arrest. Subsequently, the poet will remember this with regret, noting that in his soul he supports the endeavors of his comrades. This is confirmed by the poem “In the depths of the Siberian ores...”, written on the occasion of the anniversary of the Decembrist uprising. During the poet’s lifetime it was never published, but Pushkin managed to send it to his friends in Siberia and even received a poetic response from Odoevsky.

The poet took a great risk when he persuaded Muravyov’s wife to deliver this work to the Decembrists. But he understood that his friends, dishonored and humiliated, needed moral support now more than ever. That is why Pushkin nevertheless dared not only to write this poem, but also to forward it to his comrades. Addressing them, the poet emphasizes: “Your sorrowful work and high aspiration will not be lost.” With this phrase, the author predicts that the ideas of the Decembrists will nevertheless come true in the future, and Russia will get rid of the monarchy.

Trying to console his friends, many of whom will no longer be destined to return from Siberia, Pushkin promises: “Love and friendship will reach you through gloomy barriers.” The author is convinced that people will remember the feat of the Decembrists centuries later. At the same time, the poet expresses the hope that fate will be more favorable to the heroes than the tsarist government. “Heavy shackles will fall, prisons will collapse - and freedom will greet you joyfully at the entrance,” notes Pushkin. However, this prediction was never destined to come true, since after a quarter of a century, only a few Decembrists who were able to live up to this moment received amnesty and returned home as very old people, helpless, lonely, deprived of all titles and useless to anyone.

The year 1825 is a time of hopes, disputes and disappointments. The conspirators, consisting of some representatives of the Russian nobility, had different views on achieving their main goal - the overthrow of the autocracy and the abolition of serfdom. It was in these two features of Russia that the Decembrists saw the reason for the country's backwardness. Views on the changes ranged from radical to moderate.

Did Pushkin support the Decembrists? Rather, he simply sympathized with them, since among the Decembrists there were several of his friends and acquaintances, only about twenty people out of 120 sent into exile. The poem “In the depths of the Siberian ores” was delivered to hard labor by A.G. Muravyova, the wife of the Decembrist N. Muravyov, and is the poet’s message to his friends, as written support for them in difficult conditions, encouragement and a reminder of the hope of a speedy liberation. The amnesty for the Decembrists, however, occurred only 30 years after their uprising - and by that time the survivors were finally able to be released.

The main theme of the poem

The poet understood that the publication of “In the Depths of Siberian Ores” was impossible. He pursued another goal when writing this work, intended for a narrow circle of readers - to support and encourage his exiled friends.

The dominant theme is friendship and loyalty to the ideals of youth - “ Keep proud patience" The author urges you not to despair and hold on. In the words " Your sorrowful work and high aspiration will not be lost“The poet says that the tragic event, which resulted in the death of 1,271 people plus the execution of five conspirators, came at a high and sad cost. But it will not be in vain, since it drew attention to the problems of autocracy and serfdom. And so it happened - this conspiracy received a strong resonance in Russian society. What happened in 1825 had a significant impact on the socio-political life of the reign of Nicholas I.

Pushkin focuses on the fact that “ The desired time will come" - release from exile. " Love and friendship will reach you through dark gates"- this is a promise of help in bringing about amnesty for the rebels, requests for them to the emperor from relatives and friends of the Decembrists.

The entire work is filled with an emotionally rich tone, the purpose of which is to compensate for the soon end of the bad things in the lives of the exiled nobles and lift their spirits. And Pushkin’s poem really helped many to survive in difficult conditions, especially since there was no quick liberation, and the exile of the Decembrists lasted several decades.

Structural analysis "In the depths of Siberian ores"

This creation of Pushkin is written in the genre of a civil lyrical message - one of the poet’s favorite genres. It consists of 4 stanzas with the following rhyming methods: 1st cross, 2nd and 4th enveloping, 3rd adjacent.

The meter of the poem is iambic tetrameter with a two-syllable foot with stress on the second syllable. All sentences are non-union, complex.

The work actively uses expressive terminology “dungeons, shackles, gates, dungeons, convict holes,” showing the consequences of an unsuccessful uprising. Beginning with the image of hard labor, the poem gradually moves to the image of freedom, clearly visible at the end.

In the second and third stanzas, there is an emphasis on the optimistic words “wake up”, “friendship”. The emotional intensity is emphasized by the method of alliteration starting with the letter “R”, it is dynamic and leads from grief to the confidence that they will soon be returned to their former rights and noble privileges - (“And the brothers will give you the sword”; sword - a symbol of noble dignity and honor ).

It gave me hope

The story of the Decembrists, which at first began so romantically, turned out to be tragic - many destinies were broken. Many of the conspirators repented of their radicalism, others realized the futility of their unprepared uprising, but they all had to accept their new fate - it was not possible to reconcile the opposition with the emperor.

And they accepted their fate with dignity: they studied the lands of Siberia, were engaged in teaching activities, and wrote poetry. Of course, this depended on the inner core of each person. But the poem of support written especially for them by Pushkin in the first years of exile significantly strengthened the spirit of the Decembrists and instilled hope for restoration of their rights, albeit not as quickly as the poet wished.

There is an interesting phraseology among people: “If you don’t know who it is, then say Pushkin.” This is not an exaggeration; indeed, this great creator has works that are dedicated to all the significant events of his era.

This man’s talent is so limitless that people specially learn Russian in order to be able to read his poems and novels in the original. Even the most accurate and literary translation will not be able to convey all the beauty and melodiousness of the words of the greatest Russian poet, whose name is known all over the world.

The history of the creation of this poignant poem is connected with the most important event of the first quarter of the 19th century in Russia. The poet, being an impressionable and creative person, could not stay away from such a significant event for the country as the Decembrist uprising (1825), especially since many of those convicted and sent into exile were close friends of the poet, with whom he studied at the Lyceum.

If today Siberia is a developed and quite suitable territory for living, then in the 19th century it was akin to being sent to Antarctica. This is the end of the world, from where it was almost impossible to return. In fact, Siberia was more like a colony of the Russian state, just a huge source of all kinds of raw materials, which those who were not sentenced to death were sent to extract.

Important! The poet could not help but worry, and with his creativity he wanted to encourage the Decembrists and draw public attention to this problem; he sincerely hoped that all the exiles would soon return home.

In exile, he transferred his poem with the wife of one of the convicts, A. Muravyova. He instilled faith and hope in desperate people that descendants and future generations would appreciate the desperate act.

Pushkin was not afraid to write openly and raise topics that were not accepted to be discussed in high society. One of these creations is the poem “In the depths of the Siberian ores”, it was first read back in 1827, in exile, where the poet and the wife of one of the Decembrists gave it to him.

He himself talked about his poem that it is an act and an indicator of courage not only of the poet himself, but also of the people of that time who in one way or another were related to the tragic events taking place.

Despite the fact that he himself was a nobleman, and the events associated with the Decembrists did not affect him in any way, he did not pass by. Pushkin was not impressed, he sympathized and showed his attitude in the most accessible way to him. Unfortunately, his creation did not immediately hit the target, and the participants in the December uprising received amnesty only almost two decades after the poem was written.

Even so, the Decembrists themselves, after returning home, repeatedly spoke about how valuable the attention of such a poet was to them and how it gave them strength and faith that their actions were correct.

Feat of women

Pushkin said that what struck him most was not the uprising itself, not the decisive actions of the Decembrists, but the feat of women. It was the act of the Decembrists’ wives that touched the soul and heart of the poet so much that he gave the world a beautiful poem.

How difficult it was for a woman in the 19th century to give up everything for love. They became exiles, leaving their homes, titles, position. They lost the respect of society, abandoned servants, wealth, beautiful clothes and jewelry, all in the name of love.

Love, the power of which is so limitless that it overcomes everything in its path! True love cannot be stopped, it cannot be contained by frames and restrictions, it cannot be stopped by any obstacles.

Important! The great poet admired the fortitude of these women, how eminent noblewomen sacrificed everything and left for the eternal cold, to the far North, just to have the opportunity to be close to their loved one.

The author talked a lot about how he was touched by his meeting with Maria Raevskaya, his farewell meeting with the woman with whom he had long been in love. A gentle and fragile young lady, white-handed and touchy, as the poet believed, was one of the first to go into exile for her loved one.

She was the wife of one of the instigators of the uprising and was proud that she was going into exile as the wife of S.G. Volkonsky. She was not at all afraid that her husband was given such a harsh sentence, namely 20 years of hard labor.

Just think about it, a nobleman, a man of blue blood, had to spend two decades in the cold, without the amenities and conditions to which he was accustomed. Pushkin was proud that he once had feelings for a woman who was so strong in spirit.

The idea of ​​the work

The main idea of ​​the poem is loyalty to love and one’s ideals, which are unshakable and indestructible; circumstances cannot break and force one to abandon one’s point of view. The poet wanted to raise the morale of all participants in the uprising with this creation.

Somewhere there, in the convict holes, they could hope that everything would end soon. Faith in the best, in the future and hope for good luck - these are the true emotions that overwhelm everyone who read this poem.

Alas, the uprising failed, which was obvious from the very beginning; the balance of power in society at that time was such that there simply was not and could not be a single chance of success. They understood this perfectly well, but did not give up their idea, their feelings and thoughts were strong and pure, and patriotism and civic position took precedence over everything.

After the uprising, Nicholas I returned the poet from exile, and they talked for several hours. No one ever found out what they talked about for so long, what they discussed and what decision they came to. The poet always refused to talk on this topic, and the emperor even more so.

Pushkin mentioned in passing that the emperor assured him that the power given to him would not be used to harm. He wishes only good things for his country, he wants prosperity and development of the empire. He also asked Alexander Sergeevich to help him with this with his creativity. The Emperor sincerely believed that the poet’s work brings light.

The poet was flattered by the king’s attention, but he never renounced his convictions. He did not renounce his friends who remained in hard labor, and regularly sent them parcels and wrote poems, feeding their hope for the best, not allowing it to fade.

Analysis of the work

Analysis of a poem involves determining its genre, size, and the main poetic means used by the author to achieve his goal. The genre of the poem is Pushkin’s most favorite writing style. It is a message that is both friendly, civil and global.

Means of poetic expression are actively used, for example: “Shackles, dungeons, dungeons, gates, convict holes” - all this is directly related to the December events. There are many epithets - “mournful work”, “proud patience”, “dark closures”, “free voice”.

There are a lot of comparisons that are striking in their accuracy: “As my free voice reaches your convict holes.”

To make the text more vivid and rich, it actively uses alliteration on P:

"In the depths of Siberian ores,

Be patient and proud.

Your sorrowful work will not be wasted

And I have high aspirations.”

The work itself is written in iambic tetrameter.

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Let's sum it up

The harsh style and bright emotional coloring did not allow the poem to be published. It was officially published only after the poet's death.

Deep in Siberian ores

Keep your proud patience,

Your sorrowful work will not be wasted

And I think about high aspiration.

Unluckily faithful sister,

Hope in a dark dungeon

Will awaken vigor and joy,

The desired time will come:

Love and friendship up to you

They will reach through the dark gates,

Like in your convict holes

My free voice comes through.

The heavy shackles will fall,

The dungeons will collapse and there will be freedom

You will be greeted joyfully at the entrance,

And the brothers will give you the sword.

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Updated: 2011-05-09

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Historical and biographical material

History of creation and date of writing of the poem

During the uprising on December 14, 1825, the exiled poet was in Mikhailovskoye. He was not a member of a secret society, but many Decembrists kept lists of his freedom-loving poems in their archives. July 24, 1826 The sentence was carried out on 5 people well known to Pushkin, among whom was the poet K.F. Ryleev. Two of Pushkin's closest friends, Pushchin and Kuchelbecker, almost became victims; the execution was replaced for them by hard labor and fortress.

Returning to Moscow in September 1826 and then to St. Petersburg, the poet strives not only to support his friends, but also to substantiate the historical significance of their actions.

The poet's message reached the recipients: he was brought to Siberia by A.G. Muravyova, who was traveling to her husband.

The place of the poem in the poet’s work

The theme of Russia's past at this time became one of the main ones in his work. In the message “In the Depths of Siberian Ores,” the author writes modern events into history, showing their meaning in the development of civilization.

The main theme of the poem

Theme of memory of friendship, hope, freedom

Lyrical plot

The poem is addressed to like-minded people. For the sake of their common “high aspiration” for freedom, they undertook “sorrowful labor”, finding themselves in the “convict holes” of Siberia

The problem of the poem

It is very important to maintain hope and faith in any conditions, not to allow yourself and your will to be broken even in such terrible conditions.

Poem composition

The first stanza begins with the image of hard labor, but gradually we move from this sketch to the image of the free world, which is clearly outlined at the end.

Lyrical hero

The lyrical hero hopes, he believes in a person, in a fighter who is capable of maintaining “proud patience”, loyalty to his ideals, “high aspirations” in the most difficult conditions. The hero is confident that “love and friendship”, the “free voice” of a like-minded person can support the exiles and help them endure all the hardships of hard labor. He is also confident that sooner or later justice will prevail, and this makes him rejoice.

Prevailing mood and its changes

The poem gradually becomes more and more optimistic; it is full of hope and faith.

Civil lyrics

Consists of 4 stanzas. Quatrains.

Basic images

The author draws a gloomy space in which the heroes find themselves: “dark dungeon”, “convict holes”, “heavy chains”, “dungeons”. These images create a tragic atmosphere of misfortune that befell the poet’s friends.

Vocabulary of the poem

As is typical of Pushkin and his time, the vocabulary is predominantly high ("dum", "heavy chains", "voice"), and commonly used ones are also used.

Poetic syntax

Visual means of allegory.

Epithets: “proud patience”, “sorrowful work”, “free voice”

Comparison: “like in your convict holes...”

Personifications: “Freedom will greet you joyfully at the entrance.”

Visual means of allegory

The syntax throughout the poem is quite complex. The sentences are complex and non-conjunctive.

Sound recording

In the second and third stanzas, the stressed “u” accentuates precisely those words in which faith in the future sounds: “wake up”, “friendship”. The phonic level reveals the dynamics of the feelings of the lyrical hero of the poem from grief to confidence in the historical correctness of the cause to which his friends gave their youth.

Iambic tetrameter. The foot is two-syllable with stress on the second syllable.

Rhythm and rhyme. Methods of rhyming

Rhythm and rhyme. Methods of rhyming.

1st stanza – cross

2nd, 4th stanzas – comprehensive