Memorable dates April 8. Holidays and events in April

Significant events in the world of music - BIRTHDAYS

April 8, 1692 born - Italian composer, violinist and theorist. He developed the basic techniques of bowing, recognized by all contemporary violinists in Italy and France and which came into general use. He is credited with the discovery of the acoustic phenomenon that two consonant upper sounds produce a lower echo.

He began to study composition in the Franciscan monastery of Assisi with the monastery organist. IN 1721 took the position of violinist and conductor of the Padua Chapel, then was a court musician in Prague.

P about returning to Padua Tartini founded here in 1728 violin school. IN 1740 made a concert tour of Italy with triumphant success. Violin works Tartini have become widespread. His sonata "Devil's Trill"(known as "Devil's Sonata") has been preserved in the repertoire of violinists to this day.

Passed away February 26, 1770. He was one of the most prominent Italian musical theorists of the 18th century, the author of treatises on various musical issues.

D Atian composer and music teacher was born April 8, 1843. He studied in Copenhagen, then went to continue his studies in London, then to Berlin. IN 1864 in connection with the Danish-Prussian War, he left Germany for Paris, where he studied with Hector Berlioz, and after his death went to Italy, then to Vienna and finally to the USA, where 1871 headed the Peabody Conservatory in Baltimore.

IN about the head of the conservatory Hamerik stayed until 1898. This period was a notable milestone in the development of this establishment. Her guests were Arthur Sullivan And . Hamerik he was distinguished by disciplinary strictness, requiring students to attend classes compulsorily (which was not very common in those days) and allowing only a few, the most diligent, to defend their diploma.

TO besides this, Hamerik conducted conservatory concerts, many of which reached significant proportions. undertaken by him in 1874 The concert, composed entirely of works by American composers, is considered one of the first musical events of its kind in the United States.

In 1900 Asger Hamerik returned to Denmark, but was no longer engaged in active professional activities.

ABOUT main works Hamerica created during the American period of his activity. Hamerika belongs to seven symphonies (not counting the youthful one, composed in 1860), five Northern Suites, piano quintet, vocal music and Requiem (1886-1887 ), which he himself considered his most significant work. In the pre-American period Aster Hamerik also wrote four operas. The composer died July 13, 1923.

April 8, 1902 born – opera singer (mezzo-soprano), soloist of the Bolshoi Theater 1923-1924 and again in 1928-1953 . IN 1925-1927 was a soloist at the Leningrad Opera and Ballet Theater.

P I ate in the church choir, then studied vocals at the Astrakhan Music College. IN 1919 In Krasny Yar, the 17-year-old singer made her debut; she performed the role of Olga in the opera.

In 1923 Maksakova moved to Moscow. Over 30 years of stage activity, many central roles were sung, the best of which were: Carmen (), Marfa ( "Khovanshchina"), Marina Mnishek ( "Boris Godunov"), Lyubasha ( "The Tsar's Bride"), Spring ( "Snow Maiden"), Ortruda ( "Lohengrin" by Wagner).

P actors in operas Mussorgsky brought Maria Maksakova two Stalin Prizes. The singer taught vocal art at GITIS, headed the People's Singing School in Moscow, participated in the jury of many all-Union and international vocal competitions, and was engaged in journalism. Left memories. The singer's granddaughter is also a soloist of the Bolshoi Theater.

B Elgian French-speaking poet, bard, actor and director born April 8, 1929. Beginning with 1952 Jacques composed songs that he performed in the family circle or at parties in Brussels cabarets. IN 1953 His first 78 rpm record was released and was a failure. Soon after it Brel went to Paris at the invitation of the famous cultural figure Jacques Canetti, who discovered the talent of the young Belgian. IN February 1954 Brel He recorded a record of 8 songs at Phillips Studio, but it did not bring either commercial or creative success. That same year, Canetti sent the singer on tour. It was thanks to the tours Jacques finally became popular.

In 1956 Brel began collaborating with a pianist-accompanist and orchestrator Francois Robert, V 1957 he got a second accompanist, Gerard Jouannest- for concert performances. At the same time, his next album received the Grand Prix of the Charles Cros Academy. WITH 1958 Brel actively performed in the prestigious halls “Olympia” and “Bobino”, “Alhambra”. IN October 1965 Brel toured the Soviet Union: his tour included Moscow, Leningrad, Tbilisi, Yerevan, Baku.

N and the peak of success in 1966 Brel decided to leave singing and the stage. May 16, 1967 His last concert took place in Roubaix.

He began acting in films, directed two films himself (“Franz”, 1971 and "Wild West" 1973 ). IN 1973 Brel I also parted ways with cinema.

P if Jacques Brel translated into English at different times recorded Ray Charles, Scott Walker, Alex Harvey, Dusty Springfield, Nina Simone And Terry Jacks.

A American musician, known as the bassist of a rock band Grand Funk Railroad was born April 8, 1951.

IN At 16, he received his first professional contract when he replaced the bassist in Question Mark and the Mysterians, which had the only hit at that time "96 Tears". A little later to Shaher friend joined Terry Knight and drummer Don Brewer, and soon a singer and guitarist Mark Farner. Together they tried to change the musical direction. So in 1969 a group was formed Grand Funk Railroad. They developed their own super-powerful sound style, which immediately made them the most popular live band in the USA. 1970-1971s.

A album "On Time" (1969 ) rose to 27th place on the Billboard lists, "Grand Funk" (1970 ) – until the 11th. Many attribute the group's phenomenal rise to the aggressive tactics of their manager. IN 1970 he spent $100,000 on a giant poster in New York promoting the album "Closer To Home". The latter immediately rose to number 6 on the Billboard 200.

was born April 8, 1958. Russian rock musician, virtuoso guitarist, composer, arranger - associate professor at the International Academy of Sciences of San Marino, associate professor at the Moscow State University of Culture and Arts. In addition to his music, he made many arrangements of classical music: , .

In 1976 Victor entered a music school for gifted children in classical guitar class in Russia and studied for 4 years. IN 1987 , having worked for 7 years with various teams, Zinchuk started a solo career. It was at this time that he was recognized as the best guitarist, according to a survey by the Youth Channel of the All-Union Radio. IN 1995 Graduated with honors from the Moscow State University of Culture and Arts.

Included in the Russian Book of Records. The record was set in 2001 while performing his variation of a piece of music "Flight of the Bumblebee" by Rimsky-Korsakov at a speed of 20 notes per second, according to himself Zinchuk(according to other sources - 270 beats per minute).

B British rock musician, singer, first son of the band's founder (John Charles Julian Lennon) was born April 8, 1963 from his marriage to Cynthia Powell.

TO the manager became the boy's father-in-law BeatlesBrian Epstein.

M scarlet Julian inspired the band to write songs "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" And "Hey Jude".

U at school with a friend Justin Clayton started composing music. But to the British rock scene Julian came a little differently than his peers. Most of all he was interested in the work of modern jazz-oriented groups like Steely Dan and piano miniatures Keith Jarrett. Since he was calm and dreamy at home, his favorite rock compositions were calm songs, including lyrical ballads The Beatles.

P after finishing school Julian lived in Wales and with Justin Clayton earned money by washing dishes in a bistro. In the evenings they played music together and composed a lot.

IN one of the interviews Julian Lennon, given after the release of the first solo album "Valotte" (1984 , certified platinum in America), the singer said: “I started writing songs. At first they were too difficult and in the end they led nowhere. Then I listened to my father's solo albums again. It opened my eyes: the songs were clearly directed, they had a sincere feeling, character... My father always seemed to me like an old sage... I, of course, am not yet what he was... But I am from the same tree, believe me.”

IN second album Julian Lennon "The Secret Value of Daydreaming" went out to 1986 and became “golden”. IN 2011 The singer's collection entitled "Everything Changes".

E half-brother Juliana, also a musician.

R Russian rock musician, drummer of punk rock bands "Northern Fleet" And "King and the Clown" was born April 8, 1973. After graduating from school, I decided to devote myself to music.

ABOUT n became the first to join Mikhail Gorshenev when he created the group "King and the Clown", and along with it and Yakov Tsvirkunov is a permanent member of the team. Like everyone else on the team, Alexander has his own pseudonym - Lieutenant.

Shchigolev And Knyazev Andrey- The only members of the group who served in the army. IN 1995 Alexander, having returned from the army, devoted himself to the group "King and the Clown". He participated in the recording of the album "Brigade contract" – "Beauty Will Eat the World" (2004 ) and album "It should not be" (2006 ) as a drummer.

April 8, 1975 was born Anouk(Anouk Teuwe) – Dutch singer, representative of the Netherlands at the song competition "Birds"(“Birds”) and took 9th place.

Anouk performs compositions in the style of pop rock. Beginning with 1997 released 10 records (including singles, as well as live recordings from concerts).

Anouk has an original voice timbre. Her work is especially popular in the Netherlands and Belgium. Plate "Together Alone" (1997 ) received a platinum disc in Italy and a gold disc in Sweden.

Anouk I became interested in music under the influence of my mother, who was a singer and performed the blues. At the beginning of her career, she sang at weddings and parties with a musical group Shotgun Wedding. Then there was a meeting with Barry Hay from the group Golden Earring. He noticed her talent and offered to write songs for her (one of which "Mood Indigo").

U Ukrainian singer (Poplavskaya) was born April 8, 1978. His passion for music and singing appeared in early childhood. Secretly from her mother, she attended a children's choir. "Sun", in which she became a soloist. After school I entered the music school named after. Gliera. Already in my first year I took part in competitions and sang at the Hollywood club.

In 2000 met with Dmitry Kostyuk who suggested Vlasova producer services. Together they recorded several songs. Videos were shot, songs were recorded, Evgeniya became very popular (one of the hits of that time was "I am a living river"). Her songs were played in Russia and other countries.

In the mid-2000s, Evgenia Vlasova released new videos, including an English remake of the song Valeria Meladze "Limbo" in duet with Andrew Donalds.

Vlasova participated in show "People's Star" and took 2nd place in charity events. IN May 2010 the singer opened a vocal school.

Significant events in the world of music – REMEMBRANCE DAYS

AND Talyan composer Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti was born November 29, 1797. Over 26 years of composing, he wrote 64 operas, many cantatas, masses, and psalms. The ability to quickly compose was Donizetti amazing. Even at the Charity Music School, he almost immediately became the best student. The first operas, however, did not bring success to the young composer. Success came later when it was staged "Zoraida Granatskaya". Next came the opera "Gypsy", which evoked a very warm response from both the public and critics, but the debut on the stage of the famous La Scala was unsuccessful. Opera "Chiara and Serafina, or Pirates" failed. However Donizetti was not one of those who lose heart. He responded to all attacks by composing new operas.

IN about the whole world are still staged "Ann Bolein", "Lucretia Borgia", "Lucia di Lammermoor", "Love Potion". By the way, at the premiere "Lucia" in the Teatro San Carlo, during the madness scene, the sobs of the audience were heard, and the ovation after the final scene was so deafening that the composer received a nervous shock and went to bed for several days.

He remained in the history of music primarily thanks to his operas. Peru Donizetti belongs to numerous symphonies, concerts, string quartets, other chamber instrumental ensembles, piano pieces for 2 and 4 hands.

February 20, 1802 born - Belgian violinist, composer and music teacher. He was court violinist in Paris. IN 1826 performed on tour in the UK and USA. Then he returned to Belgium, which at that time belonged to the Netherlands, and received the position of court violinist at the Brussels court of King Willem I.

N throughout 1830s Berio toured intensively. IN 1842 received an offer to take the violin chair at the Paris Conservatory, but instead c 1843 taught violin class at the Brussels Conservatory.

WITH name Berio associated with the birth of the Franco-Belgian virtuoso-romantic violin school. Violin Tutorial Berio (1858 ), translated into most European languages, until the mid-twentieth century it was (at least in Russia) the most widespread teaching aid; many generations of violinists took their first steps on its basis. In 1852 due to progressive blindness Berio retired. The most significant part of his composer's heritage is 6 concertos for violin and orchestra. At the same time, solo violin pieces Berio, including studies for pedagogical purposes, along with technical virtuosity, achieve artistic brilliance.

R Russian music teacher was born June 12, 1821. Graduated from St. Petersburg University, while studying piano under the guidance of Anton Gerke and cello Johann Benjamin Gross. Then he studied composition in Berlin with Adolf Marx. Returning to 1854 to St. Petersburg, Zaremba took over leadership Choral Society at the Lutheran Peter and Paul Church. From the ground up Russian Musical Society V 1859 Zaremba took an active part in it, including as a teacher.

In 1862 Zaremba was invited to be a professor of music theory at the newly created St. Petersburg Conservatory, and with 1867 By 1871 he was its director. The detailed “Instructions for the St. Petersburg Conservatory” developed by him for a long time served as the organizational basis for the work of the institution. To the number of students Zaremba belong to Vasily Safonov, German Laroche, Nikolai Solovyov, Ella Adaevskaya(Elizabeth Shultz), Karl Zike, Ivan Pomazansky, Konstantin Galler, Andrey Kazbiryuk and others.

I Mpolsky noted in the “Musical Encyclopedia” that he was the first in Russia to teach music theory in Russian. His lectures were distinguished by their liveliness and figurative presentation.

TO composer's heritage Zaremba extremely insignificant: he owns the oratorio "John the Baptist", symphony, string quartet, choral works - all of this was practically not published or performed even during the author’s lifetime.

A American opera singer (contralto) born February 27, 1897. From the age of 6 she sang in the choir of a Baptist church, and later studied singing privately. Debuted in 1925 , and in 1928 performed for the first time at Carnegie Hall. Tour early 1930s brought to European countries and the USSR Anderson wide fame.

In 1939 The American public organization "Daughters of the American Revolution" denied the right to participate in its holiday concert due to the fact that the then rules of this organization prohibited joint performances of white and black artists. In protest against this decision, the wife of the US President, Eleanor Roosevelt, resigned from the organization. Instead of this speech Anderson Her concert was organized at the Lincoln Memorial Center, broadcast on radio and filmed. It was a huge success, forcing the Daughters of the American Revolution to reconsider their rules. IN In 1955 Anderson was the first African-American artist to perform at the Metropolitan Opera (as Ulrika in the opera "Masquerade Ball"). IN 1991 became a Grammy Award winner in the “For Life in Art” category.

R the repertoire consisted of works Verdi, Saint-Saens, Brahms, Sibelius, Mahler, as well as African-American spirituals.

N Dutch singer born May 11, 1926. She began her singing career in 1940s as part of a duet Scholten & Van 't Zelfde. WITH 1945 worked with Henk Scholten, whom she married a year later.

won the competition, scoring 21 points and ahead of performers from Great Britain and France. After the competition, I recorded versions of my winning song. "Een Beetje" in German, French, Swedish, Italian, which reached 4th place in the Dutch and 11th place in the Italian charts.

P Later she recorded several albums, including those with famous children's songs, and also participated in television projects.

International festival “Faces of Contemporary Pianism”, which presented leading performers of piano music to St. Petersburg.

Updated: April 13, 2019 by: Elena

International Roma Day

The holiday was established on the initiative of the World Gypsy Congress, held in England on April 8, 1971. Representatives from thirty countries decided to proclaim their people as a single and free nation and reinforce the decision by introducing national symbols - the flag and anthem. Today there are about ten million Roma in the world. The geography of their settlement covers many countries, including Russia. According to some estimates, about 200 thousand Roma live in the Russian Federation. Every year on April 8, various events related to the Gypsy national culture are held: festivals, photo exhibitions, film screenings, and performances. The program also necessarily includes gypsy concerts - with dances, songs and other performances.

Birthday of Buddha - Prince Siddhartha Guatama (Kambutsue)

On April 8, Buddhists celebrate Buddha's birthday - Kambutsue. Japanese Buddhist temples hold annual ritual services dedicated to God. History tells us that Kambutsue was first celebrated in 606 in one of the monasteries of Yamato, during the reign of Empress Suiko. And in 840, the celebration ceremony was held for the first time in the palace. No one is destined to know the exact year of Buddha's birth. Followers claim that this event occurred between 560 and 490 BC.

The legend describes the birth of Prince Siddhartha Guatama as follows: once the wife of the ruler Shuddhodana, Maya, saw an unusual dream, where one of the gods in the guise of a white, young and strong elephant with six tusks descended from the sky and took possession of her, and after that the gods told the ruler that soon she will give birth to a son who is supposed to become an Enlightened One (Buddha). And so it happened. Maya found out that she was pregnant. A few days before giving birth, she went to her parents, however, before reaching them, the woman gave birth right in the garden - the “Lumbini Grove” (Nepal), among a huge variety of fragrant flowers and singing birds.

Buddha devoted himself to knowledge all his life, and on his 35th birthday he reached the highest point of Enlightenment. The following years of his life, the Prince passed on wisdom and knowledge to people, leading to purification and insight. The birthday of Buddha - Prince Siddhartha Guatama - is recognized as an official religious holiday celebrated within the framework of the UNESCO program on a global scale.

April 8 in the folk calendar

Gabriel Blagovest

On April 8, the Orthodox world honors the memory of Archangel Gabriel, who, by the way, is revered not only in Christianity, but also in other religions. According to the Holy Scriptures, Gabriel reveals to people the secret knowledge of Genesis and the Lord. It was he who announced to the Virgin Mary the imminent birth of the Savior. This is where his nickname Blagovest (or Blagovestnik) came from.

Despite the holiness of the Archangel Gabriel, in some regions of Rus' there was one belief - everything that was born on this day turned out to be amiss. On this occasion, people even created a saying: “What is born on Gabriel is ugly and ugly.” On Blagovestnik, housewives completed all small household chores (knitting, spinning) in order to go to work in the fields the next day. There were also signs for this day. For example, it was believed that if the bird cherry tree begins to turn green on Gabriel, then it is time to start planting early potatoes. The weather was also monitored: what it is like today, it will be like that on October 8th.

Historical events of April 8

On April 8, Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky laid the foundation for the main holy monastery of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality - the Assumption Cathedral. The temple, built of chiseled white stone, was the largest building in the principality, the center of the capital's architectural ensemble. All important state ceremonies took place there. And at the foot of his altar, such great commanders as Dmitry Donskoy, Alexander Nevsky and so on, until the reign of Ivan the Third, were consecrated princes.

For a long time, within the walls of the Assumption Cathedral rested a great shrine - the icon of the Vladimir Mother of God, which was later redirected to Moscow. The Assumption Cathedral has been “living” for more than eight hundred years. Today it is recognized as one of the greatest monuments of ancient Russian architecture and is the leading cathedral of the Vladimir diocese. Divine services are often held there, but the rest of the time the temple functions as a museum.

April 8, 1722– By decree of Peter I, regular weather monitoring began in St. Petersburg

The first weather observations were made by Vice Admiral K. Kruys. He recorded his results and calculations on paper, and then carried out an in-depth analysis. Kruys’s first notes were very sparse in content and included the following information: “Month – date – day of the week – presence or absence of wind or precipitation – cloudiness – approximate temperature estimate (hot, warm, cool, cold, cold, etc.)” . Naturally, over time, weather observations became more and more scientific, and in 1724 the first meteorological base was organized in the Russian Empire, and a few months later, meteorologists began to use new methods of weather observation. Thermometers and barometers came to the rescue.

The significance of such an invention is very great! After all, it saves several hundred lives every year around the world. The need for fire escapes urgently arose in connection with the construction of multi-storey residential buildings. Without such a structure, it was somewhat problematic to extract people from them, especially when the fire had already engulfed most of the room. The first fire escape was about ten meters high. A little later, thirty-meter structures came into use. Today we can say with confidence that the advent of fire escapes has greatly facilitated the work of professional rescuers, and also saved the lives of hundreds of thousands of people.

In 1783, the Russian army broke the Crimean Khanate, and on April 8, Empress Catherine II issued a manifesto on the annexation of Crimea to Russia. Grigory Potemkin, who prepared the document, received the title of His Serene Highness Prince of Tauride. In the mid-twentieth century, Crimea was transferred to Ukraine. Then Khrushchev noted this with the usual formality, since both Ukraine and Crimea at that time were part of the Soviet Union, and no one could have imagined that the USSR would ultimately collapse, and Ukraine, having declared itself independent, would not return the gift.

Born on April 8

— Nikolay Rezanov(1764-1807) – merchant-diplomat, one of the founders of the Russian-American Company, organizer of the first Russian round-the-world expedition of Krusenstern.

— Leonid Starokadomsky(1875-1962) - Arctic researcher, outstanding medical figure. He was a member of the Hydrographic Expedition to the Arctic Ocean. Then the team discovered the northern land, which they called Emperor Land. The names of almost all the expedition participants were subsequently forgotten, but Starokadomsky was lucky. Later, an island in the Laptev Sea was named after the Arctic explorer.

— Nikita Mikhailovsky(1964-1991) – Soviet actor. The actor’s film “You Never Even Dreamed It,” released in 1980, brought some fame to the actor. In this film, Mikhailovsky played the main role. The young actor showed great promise for Russian cinema, but a terrible illness took his life at the age of 27.

— Tamerlane(1336-1405) - commander, statesman of Central Asia. He is one of the world's greatest conquerors. Tamerlane played a huge role in the development of Central Asia. Having become the ruler of Samarkand, he created a huge army, which, led by him, carried out many annexationist campaigns. Tamerlane also made a great contribution to the development of culture and education; he assisted in the construction of monuments and other cultural buildings.

Name day April 8

Vasily, Anna, Alla, Irina, Gabriel, Mark, Larisa, Yana, Dionysius.

April 8 in world history is a day of events related to geography in one way or another. In 1271, the Mameluke Sultan Baibars captured the Krak des Chevaliers fortress, a fortress of the Order of Hospitallers, located in Syria east of Tripoli in Lebanon on a cliff top 650 meters high.

One of the best preserved Hospitaller fortresses in the world. In 2006, together with the Saladin Citadel, the castle was included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List. From Arab chronicles it is known that in 1031 the fortress was occupied by the Kurdish garrison of the emir of Aleppo. In 1142, Raymond II, Count of Tripoli handed over the Krak des Chevaliers to the Order of the Hospitallers so that they would guard the borders from possible attacks by enemy troops. The Hospitallers restored the fortress and built many additional buildings, turning it into the largest Crusader stronghold in the Holy Land. Krak des Chevaliers was truly impregnable. He was besieged more than once, but always unsuccessfully. In 1188, the army of Saladin himself stood at the walls of the fortress. During that siege, the Arabs managed to capture the castellan of the fortress. Saladin's warriors brought him to the walls of the fortress and demanded that he order the garrison to open the gates. The castellan first gave the order in Arabic to surrender the fortress, but then in French he ordered to fight to the last man. Krak de Chevalier was taken only by deception, when Baybars I, the Sultan of Syria and Egypt, sent a false letter to the fortress, in which the Count of Tripoli allegedly ordered the fortress to surrender. As a result, Krak de Chevalier fell on April 8, 1271. In 1272, during the Ninth Crusade, the castle was seen by the English king Edward I and admired it so much that he used Krak as a model for his castles in England and Wales. The famous Lawrence of Arabia, who first saw the castle in August 1909, described it as “perhaps the most delightful castle in the world.” In 2003, the Russian television series “Bayazet” based on the novel of the same name by V. Pikul was filmed in the fortress.

In 1513, the navigator Juan Ponce de Leon claimed Florida as a possession. Florida is now the leading US state for citrus production. Each year, two-thirds of the country's harvest comes from citrus fruits harvested from Florida groves. These are mainly oranges and grapefruits. The state's other important crop is tobacco, which grows primarily in northern Florida. Tobacco cultivation began in the late 1920s. last century, after hordes of rodents attacked Florida cotton plantations and destroyed most of the crop. In addition to citrus and tobacco, heat-loving sugar cane is also grown in southern Florida. Production of this crop was expanded after the events of 1961, when, after the Cuban revolution, the United States stopped importing sugar cane from the island. Florida is one of the largest suppliers of fish to the country's markets. In addition to shrimp, Florida fishermen supply various types of fish to the country's markets, including Spanish mackerel, black mullet, as well as clams, lobsters, and crabs.

In 1525, an agreement was signed in Krakow, according to which Prussia, having previously been an orderly church state, turned into a duchy, subject to Poland. Yes, yes, in the middle of the 16th century, “The ugly brainchild of the Versailles Peace,” as Molotov called it 400 years later, was the strongest European state. The repeated partitions of Poland, the shameful lack of resistance in 1939 against Germany, were still to come. In 1548, Peru was declared a Spanish territory. In 1830, Mexico, in an attempt to maintain its territory, banned further American colonization of Texas. 9 years ago, this state, having achieved independence from Spain, became part of the Mexican Empire. By the mid-1830s. dictatorship and lawlessness in Mexico led to the fact that the state was on the verge of collapse: the territories of Texas and Yucatan expressed - according to constitutional law - a desire to secede. In 1835, Mexican President General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna proposed a new constitution that would abolish slavery, which had been the norm among American settlers. In addition, he increased pressure on Americans, demanding disarmament and the forced removal of illegal immigrants from the US border states and the return of their lands. This policy of the Mexican government caused discontent among the residents of Texas, and served as the reason for the War of Independence.

In 1783, the Manifesto of Catherine II was published on the annexation of Crimea to Russia, prepared by Potemkin, who received the title of His Serene Highness Prince of Tauride. Grigory Potemkin, having assessed all the advantages of the annexation of Crimea to Russia, expressed his opinion in a letter to Catherine II: “Crimea is tearing apart our borders with its position. Now assume that Crimea is yours, and that this wart on the nose is no longer there - suddenly the position of the borders is excellent: along the Bug the Turks border directly on us, therefore they must deal with us directly themselves, and not under the name of others... You obliged to raise the glory of Russia..." At this moment, the last Crimean Khan abdicated the throne and disappeared under the protection of the Russian army. As a result, the Tatar nobility, hostile towards Russia, fled to Turkey. And economic and political chaos began on the peninsula, which contributed to the bloodless annexation of Crimea to Russia.

In 1766, the world's first fire escape was patented in the United States of America. The significance of this invention is difficult to overestimate, because it has saved people’s lives more than once. The need for a fire escape arose in connection with the construction of the first multi-story buildings, when rescuing people in the event of a fire from the highest rooms was very problematic. The first patented ladder was just under 10 meters high, and the height of the fire escape, first delivered to Russia in 1892, was already 27 meters. The record for the height of a modern ladder for use in firefighting was set in 2000 - one of the F88HLA brand firefighting aerial lifts has a height of 88 meters. In firefighting practice, ladders are divided into two types: for firefighters (that is, for firefighters) and for fire victims (that is, for those who are being rescued). They are three-legged, assault ladders and stick ladders, and are folding, like automatic ladders that are mounted on the roof of a rescue vehicle.

In 1904, Great Britain and France signed an agreement regarding Egypt, Morocco and other colonial possessions, which received the unofficial name "Concord of the Heart" ("Entente"). Already having a corresponding agreement with France, in 1907 Russia signed a Russian-English agreement, finally formalizing the largest bloc that would oppose the Triple Alliance, later the bloc of the Central Powers led by Germany.

In 1918, the Russian tricolor was replaced by a red flag with a hammer and sickle. During the bourgeois revolution in February 1917, the red flag was widely used. There were also badges depicting a double-headed eagle with two red flags. After the October Revolution, the role of the state flag, in the first months of Soviet power, was performed by a rectangular red cloth; there were no inscriptions or emblems on it. But this type of state flag was not established by any regulatory documents. On April 8, 1918, speaking at a meeting of the Bolshevik faction of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, Yakov Sverdlov, casually touching on this issue, proposed making “our battle flag our national flag.” The proposal was adopted unanimously. 73 years later, exactly on the same day - April 8, 1991, the Government Commission of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR approved the return of the tricolor flag as the flag of the Russian Federation.

In 1847, the poet T.G. was arrested in Kyiv. Shevchenko and historian N.I. Kostomarov for belonging to the Cyril and Methodius Brotherhood.

In 1950, an American reconnaissance plane was shot down over Latvia by Soviet air defenses. A US Navy B-29 aircraft (registration number 59645, US Navy Patrol Squadron 26) invaded Soviet airspace from the Baltic Sea and was shot down. The plane took off from Wiesbaden airbase, Germany. According to the Soviet pilots, the intruder fired at them and was shot down directly over Latvia, falling into the sea. The Americans claimed that it was a private plane. The crew of 10 people are considered missing. On April 18, the United States announced that Soviet air defenses had shot down a private plane heading to Sweden. Now the Americans admit that it was a scout. The first downed reconnaissance aircraft of the Cold War. The plane was called “Privateer” - “pirate”, the word sounds close to “private owner”. The word comes from British pirates who engage in “private” robbery in favor of England under a royal license. The United States immediately admitted that it was their plane, although they still claim that it was shot down in international space over the Baltic Sea. Back in 1950, a government note was submitted to the United States because there was information that the crew had been seen in the camps. No one returned home, but information about one of the pilots continued to appear until the 80s. The Cobras were based in Grobiņa near Liepaja; they were believed (and maybe in fact) could not reach Privatir. Then, as they write, by order of Stalin, two flights of La-11 were transferred to Palanga, which were intercepted by the American. Report from the leader of the group of fighter-interceptors (two pairs of LA-11 fighters were scrambled), flight commander, Senior Lieutenant B. Dokin, to the unit commander: “Being on duty at first readiness at 17.22, I received the command to take off. After takeoff, he accepted the command to climb to an altitude of 4000 meters and take a heading of 360 degrees... At 17.30 I met a four-engine plane with American markings 8 km south of Liepaja (on the coastline), which was heading 135 degrees. Seeing the plane, I approached it in a couple from the right behind and handed it over to the second couple - Senior Lieutenant Gerasimov - to force the intruder to land. Gerasimov stepped forward and, making a deep sway, turned to the left. The intruder took a course of 270 degrees - into the sea and did not follow the pair of Senior Lieutenant Gerasimov. Then I fired a warning burst - 12 shells. The intruder began to fire at me. The wingman, Lieutenant Tezyaev, seeing this, fired a burst at the intruder, who went with a large decline and entered the clouds at N-500 meters. Presumably the plane crashed 5-10 km from the coast." After the death of the American B-29 aircraft on April 8, the Americans took active measures to search for it, examining the Baltic Sea between the islands of Gotland and Bornholm. The search for this aircraft over several days by a large number of aircraft gives reason to believe that the lost aircraft was of particular value to the Americans. The possibility of important secret documents and valuable secret equipment being found on the plane cannot be ruled out. Then for some reason he got lost. Once again, in my memory, the Americans looked for them, but they also did not find them. All the stories that eight out of ten crew members were rescued and rotted in Stalag are apparently just tales, otherwise there would not have been such statements that the peaceful charter was shot down. Stalin would have easily put the poor radio intelligence officers on public display, as Khrushchev did.

In 1956, the Sovremennik Theater was opened in Moscow with Viktor Rozov’s play “Eternally Living”. It was founded by a group of young actors in 1956. During the Thaw years, the exposure of Stalin's personality cult, it became the first theater in the country that was born from a free creative association of a group of like-minded people and managed to defend itself as an integral artistic group. The founders of the theater were Oleg Efremov, Galina Volchek, Igor Kvasha, Liliya Tolmacheva, Evgeny Evstigneev, Oleg Tabakov, Viktor Sergachev. Sovremennik tried to restore in its practice the image of the old Moscow Art Theater house, its artistic and ethical ideals. A charter was drawn up with the hope of reviving a new partnership of actors, which would collectively decide whether or not to take a play into the repertoire, or whether or not to release a play to the public (democracy). The entire troupe decided the fate of the actors. Efremov’s activities were discussed with the utmost severity. “Contemporary” is largely determined by the character of its leader. For a long time, Oleg Nikolaevich Efremov, who graduated from the Mkhatov Studio in 1949, remained the artistic director of the theater. He studied with Kedrov and Toporkov, direct students of Stanislavsky. In 1964, Sovremennik ceased to be a studio and became an ordinary Soviet theater. In September 1970, Oleg Efremov accepted the offer to head the troupe of the Art Theater. Many leading actors left Sovremennik with him. It was difficult for the theater to work under the current conditions; the press wrote about the exhaustion of the theater’s mission and predicted the imminent end of Sovremennik. In 1972, Galina Volchek became the artistic director of the theater. A long and difficult recovery process began. Over time, new bright actors appeared in the troupe: Marina Neelova, Valentin Gaft, Liya Akhedzhakova.

In 1966, Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev became the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. After N.S. was sent into retirement. Khrushchev, at the Plenum of the Central Committee on October 14, 1964, Brezhnev was elected First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. At the XXIII Congress of the CPSU, held from March 29 to April 8, 1966, changes were adopted to the Party Charter, and the position of “General Secretary” was added to the Charter. This post was taken by “dear and beloved” Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev. At the same time, the name “Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee” replaced the “Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee” that had existed since 1952.

In 1971, the first World Roma Congress took place near London, which adopted the Roma anthem and flag.

News

In 1632, Count Retz, Archbishop of Paris, sold the castle of Versailles to Louis XIII for 66 thousand livres.

Having purchased a neighboring plot, the king ordered the old castle to be demolished and a new one built in its place - not for a residence, but for recreation. Over time, the dull, swampy place turned into a beautiful corner where the king loved to hunt.

His son, Louis XIV, was also an avid hunter, but had much more ambitious plans for this place. Dissatisfied with his other palaces (among which were the Louvre and the Tuileries), the “Sun King” in 1660 decided to rebuild Versailles into a luxurious palace and park ensemble and in February 1672 he and the entire court moved to the castle, which was not even fully completed .

The toy, called Versailles, ultimately cost the French treasury 7 billion francs, not counting the cost of paintings, sculptures and other decorations - a simply fantastic amount at that time.

In 1722, by order of Peter I, regular weather observations began in St. Petersburg. The records were kept by Vice Admiral Cornelius Cruys.

At first, the entries were quite stingy with interesting information and looked something like this: “April, 22, Sunday. In the morning the wind is north-west; the water is also as mentioned above. Cloudy and cold... at noon there is a slight wind from the north-west and rain afternoon. Quiet and red day until the evening."

Later observations took on a more scientific character. In 1724, the first meteorological station in Russia was established, and from December of the following year, observations using a barometer and thermometer began to be carried out at the Academy of Sciences.

In 1764, the Russian statesman, Count Nikolai Petrovich Rezanov, was born. In 1803, he became the initiator and participant of the first Russian round-the-world expedition led by Krusenstern and Lisyansky.

Soon, another goal was added to the initial goal of the expedition: “establishing trade relations with South China, Japan and America.” Nikolai Rezanov was appointed extraordinary commissioner for this diplomatic mission. The dramatic story about the love of the Californian beauty Conchita for the Russian envoy Rezanov formed the basis of the rock opera “Juno and Avos” by Alexei Rybnikov and Andrei Voznesensky.

On this day, the Russian army conquered the Crimean Khanate, and with the manifesto of Empress Catherine II of April 8, 1783, Crimea was annexed to Russia.

Grigory Potemkin, who prepared this document, received the title of His Serene Highness Prince of Tauride.

As you know, in 1954, Nikita Khrushchev, with a royal gesture, “gave” Crimea to Ukraine. Then it seemed like an empty formality - after all, Ukraine, along with Crimea, remained part of the Soviet Union. Who could have foreseen that the USSR would collapse, and Ukraine, having gained independence, would declare that gifts were not taken back.

On April 8, the outstanding representative of the Italian romantic opera school, Gaetano Donizetti, passed away.

The flourishing of the art of bel canto is associated with his work. Donizetti wrote for theaters in Italy, Paris, and Vienna. His most famous operas are “Elisir of Love”, “Lucia di Lammermoor”, “Daughter of the Regiment”, “The Favorite”, “Don Pasquale”, and in total during his life he wrote more than 70 operas, not counting works in other musical genres.

In 1931, a public viewing of the first “industrial” ballet “Bolt” took place on the stage of the Leningrad Opera and Ballet Theater. Tatiana Bruni and Georgy Korshikov made magnificent sketches of costumes and scenery, and choreographer Fyodor Lopukhov, then in his prime, experimented. Many of the ideas that he came up with for Bolt were later quoted and were of great importance in the development of choreography.

The premiere turned out to be the only performance. Two weeks later, newspapers reported that Bolt, by decision of the theater management, was removed from the repertoire, and the composer and choreographer were preparing to radically rework the ballet.

There are no recordings of that performance, only the music remains. Music by Dmitry Shostakovich.

The return of ballet to the stage took place thanks to the artistic director of the Bolshoi Theater ballet troupe, choreographer Alexei Ratmansky. On February 23, 2006, the first spectators of Bolt on the New Stage of the Bolshoi Theater were military personnel invited to the dress rehearsal of the premiere performance.

In 1950, Vaslav Nijinsky passed away.

“God of dance”, “eighth wonder of the world”, “king of the air”, “brilliant actor” - his contemporaries called him. He was the leading dancer and choreographer in Diaghilev's Russian Seasons, and performed the main roles in Fokine's ballets. Interest in Nijinsky has not subsided to this day. Books are written about him, films are made, plays are staged...

On Saturday, April 8, 1972, at 18.15 Moscow time, Leonid Gaidai’s immortal comedy “The Diamond Arm” was shown on television. This was the third showing of this film on CT, and the saddest.

The fact is that television censors, armed with scissors, stripped the film, throwing out a number of episodes from it. In particular, the scene of Gorbunkov’s seduction by a blond beauty in a hotel was shortened. It was difficult to understand what the censors were guided by, because from the moment the film was released on the screens of the country - and this happened in 1969 - almost everyone managed to watch it.

Meanwhile, on that Saturday evening, Yuri Nikulin, the leading actor in the film, was also a spectator of the film. What he saw upset him extremely. And a month later, in an interview with Literaturnaya Gazeta, he stated: “The Diamond Arm was recently shown on television in some incomprehensible abbreviated version. The feeling is as if you were holding your favorite book in your hands, and someone took it and tore out the pages from it. I understand that all this is a misunderstanding, an oversight. But for us actors, such oversights spoil our blood”...

On April 8, Russia celebrates the Day of Military Commissariat Employees. All over the world, gypsies celebrate their holiday - Roma Day, and in Croatia on April 8 they celebrate a holiday - Plitvice Lakes National Park Day.

Holidays April 8, 2019

Day of Military Commissariat Employees in Russia

What holiday is celebrated in Russia today? April 8 marks the professional holiday of military commissariats - Military Commissariats Employees' Day. Defense of the Fatherland, according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, is the responsibility and duty of every citizen of the Russian Federation. On April 8, 1918, the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars established military registration and enlistment offices - district, volost, district and provincial and military commissariats.

Gypsy Day

Every year on April 8, gypsies all over the world celebrate their holiday - Roma Day. Many representatives of this nation probably do not know what holiday it is today. It was established on April 8, 1971 in London at the first World Gypsy Congress, where national Gypsy symbols were adopted: a flag and anthem. This allowed modern Gypsies to recognize themselves as a single free nation in the world.
Presumably, the first mention of gypsies in chronicles was in 1501, when the Lithuanian prince Alexander Kazimirovich gave the gypsy leader Vasily a safe conduct. The Roma population today is about 8-10 million people.

Plitvice Lakes National Park Day in Croatia

On April 8, Croatian citizens celebrate Plitvice Lakes National Park Day. The name “Plitvice Lakes” was first mentioned in the records of the priest Dominik Vukasović back in 1777.
In 1949, on April 8, the Plitvice Lakes were given the status of a National Park as a result of the adoption by the Croatian Parliament of the Law on the Protection of the Plitvice Lakes and the declaration of this park as a National Croatian Heritage.

Unusual holidays

On April 8, you can celebrate unusual days - the Day of Atonement for Sins and the Day of Shedding the Winter Skin. Today we can celebrate the International Tai Chi and Qigong Day.

Sins Day

The Day of Atonement for Sins is the day when all the sins that were committed during the year by God's children are blamed on Satan. This day is actually observed according to the sacred calendar every tenth day of the seventh month. On the day when the people of Israel were believed to receive remission of sins committed during the year.
Today, on the Day of Atonement for Sins, you too can receive forgiveness of sins that were committed during the past year if you observe the Day of Atonement for Sins. Without observing this day, it is impossible to receive cleansing of sins.

Winter skin shedding day

Today is Winter Skin Shedding Day! Do you know how animals shed their winter skin? This is done gradually. We, too, should not immediately get rid of winter clothes, but carefully and in a gentle way, because the weather in spring is so changeable! But as you shed your winter skin, you must strive for a new life, a new spring!!!

International Tai Chi and Qigong Day

On the initiative of the American Bill Douglas, an international holiday is celebrated annually on April 8 - Taijiquan and Qigong Day. On this day, according to established tradition, people conduct mass demonstration classes in qigong and taiji - the “initial stage” of wushu. This is a Chinese health-improving gymnastics that includes elements of qigong, which is based on working with one’s own energy.

Church holiday according to the folk calendar

Gabriel Blagovest

Archangel Gabriel is an angel who is revered in Christianity, Judaism and Islam. The name Gabriel means "The Most High is my strength." Gabriel, according to Christian tradition, reveals to people the secret knowledge of God.
It is believed that it was the Archangel Gabriel who brought the news to the Virgin Mary that the Savior of the world would be born to her. Therefore, Archangel Gabriel also received the nickname Blagovestnik or Gabriel - Blagovest.
In the southern regions of Russia and in Little Russia, there was a popular belief among the people that someone born on this day would turn out awkward. Our ancestors had the following saying: “What is born on Gabriel is ugly and ugly.”
On this church holiday, the peasant women finished the last yarn and after this day it was no longer possible to spin, because nothing would be used for future use.
In the spring, women already had a lot of urgent matters on this day, both in the field and in the garden. That’s why the peasant women had this saying: “In the spring the day is long, but the thread is short,” which meant that the spinner would not have time to spin everything before the harvest began.
On the church holiday of April 8—Gabriel Blagovest—peasants in the southern regions of Russia noticed that if the bird cherry tree turns green, then it is time to plant potatoes.
Our ancestors also observed the weather on this day. It was believed that what the weather would be like on April 8th, it would be like that on October 8th.
Name day April 8 from: Abraham, Alla, Anna, Vasily, Gabriel, Larisa, Stepan
April 8th is also celebrated: Fire Escape Birthday, Winter Skin Shedding Day, International Tai Chi and Qigong Day, Courage Festival

April 8 in history

1947 - The largest sunspot on record was recorded.
1966 - Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev was elected General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee.
1970 - Bombs dropped by Israeli planes on an Egyptian primary school kill 30 children.
1971 - The International Union of Roma is established.
1973 - Pablo Picasso (b. 1881), Spanish artist, died.
1984 - Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa (b. 1894), physicist, academician (1939), member of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences (since 1957), twice Hero of Socialist Labor, Nobel Prize laureate in physics 1978, died.
1986 - Gorbachev used the word “perestroika” for the first time during a trip to Tolyatti.
2010 - Overthrow of Kyrgyz President Kurmanbek Bakiev.
2010 - The Presidents of Russia and the United States signed a new treaty on the reduction of strategic offensive arms in Prague.
2013 - Margaret Thatcher (born 1925), Prime Minister of Great Britain in 1979-1990, Baroness since 1992, died.