Who is the founder of Hollywood. Golden Globe ceremony

Pavement along Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street, in which more than 2,600 five-pointed stars are embedded with the names of celebrities who have made a great contribution to the development of the entertainment industry.

Due to its fame and cultural identity as historical Center movie studios and movie stars, the word "Hollywood" is often used as a metonym for the American motion picture industry. The name "Tinseltown" refers to the gorgeous nature of Hollywood and the film industry.

Today most of The film industry is dispersed around neighborhoods such as the Westside, but much of the ancillary industry, such as editing, effects, props, post-production and lighting, remains in Hollywood, as does the location set Paramount Pictures.

The first studio in Hollywood was founded by the New Jersey-based Centaur Company, which wanted to film westerns in California. They rented an abandoned roadside diner at 6121 Sunset Boulevard on the corner of Gower Street, and converted it into a movie studio in October, naming it "Nestor Studios" after their company's western branch. The building later became the Hollywood Film Lab, now called the Hollywood Digital Laboratory. The first full-length feature film made directly at Hollywood Studios was The Indian Woman's Husband, created by Cecil B. DeMille and Oscar Apfel. Art films, created in Los Angeles before "Indian Woman's Husband" are the films "From Dusk Till Dawn" () and " sea ​​wolf» ().

The four major film companies Paramount, Warner Bros. ”, “RKO Pictures” and “Columbia” had studios in Hollywood, as well as several smaller companies.

1920-1940

Until 1920 Hollywood became world famous as the center of the United States film industry. From the 1920s until the 1940s, most transportation to and from Hollywood was by Pacific Electric Railway's Red Cars.

Capitol Records building

Contemporary Hollywood

While film production is still concentrated in the Hollywood area, most of the studios are in the Los Angeles area. Paramount Pictures is the only major studio still physically located in Hollywood. Other studios in the area, including the aforementioned Jim Henson (formerly Chaplin), are Sunset Gower Studios and Raleigh Studios.

Since Hollywood and the Los Felitz area were originally the sites for the development of the first television stations in Los Angeles, most of them have now moved to other locations within metro range. KNBC began their move back in 1962 when they moved from former studio NBC Radio City Studios, which was on the north corner of Sunset Boulevard and Vine Street, in NBC Studios Burbank.

KTLA tower

Science and Hollywood

US National Academy of Sciences National Academy of Sciences) announced the creation unique project. Probably for the first time in the history of world cinema, a special group of scientists is being formed who will advise screenwriters and directors of Hollywood films on an ongoing basis. Their main task will be giving scientific credibility to new films.

Attractions

• Sometimes Hollywood is called "Valley of the Dolls", after writing the bestseller of the same name by Jacqueline Suzanne.
• famous actress and 1920s dancer Ethel Gray Mary is from Hollywood and started her career here.

Notes

see also

The film industry, of course, reached a special scale in its development in the United States. Speaking of American cinema, we are primarily talking about Hollywood. And only a few people know that almost all major Hollywood film companies were founded by immigrants from the Russian Empire. Warner Brothers was founded by four brothers named Warner ( real name Vonskolaser). Their parents came to the United States from the Russian Empire from what is now Poland. Another Pole, Samuel Goldwyn (Shmul Gelbfish), is directly involved in the creation of such film companies as Paramount Pictures and MGM. Natives of present-day Belarus David Sarnov and Louis Mayer (Lazar Meir) were one of the founders of the RKO and MGM film companies, respectively.

Prominent figures of the "golden age" of Hollywood were brothers, producers Joseph and Nicholas Schenck. Joseph and Nikolai Shenker, as they were called at birth, were born in the city of Rybinsk, Yaroslavl province in the family of an employee of the Sheksna Shipping Company. In 1893, when Joseph was 15 and Nikolai was 12, the Schenker family emigrated to the United States. My labor activity V new country the brothers start by selling newspapers and working in a pharmacy. Very soon they buy out the very pharmacy in which they worked, and become its full-fledged owners. Even then, the Schenk brothers were distinguished by insight and business sense.

Soon Nicholas and Joseph Schencke start organizing vaudeville at the amusement park in Fort George. It was at this time that they met the financier and their future partner Marcus Lowe. In 1909, the Schenk brothers, together with Markus Low, bought a large amusement park "Palisadis" and several cinemas. After merging their theaters and Lowe's cinemas, the brothers begin to operate the Marcus Lowe corporation's chain of cinemas.

By the mid-1910s, the film industry was completely capturing the minds of the Schenk brothers. In 1917, Joseph goes to Hollywood, and Nicholas continues to manage the Marcus Lowe cinema chain, consisting of more than 500 cinemas throughout America and Canada.

In 1925, Joseph Schenk became the second president of the United Artists film company, founded by Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks. At this time, Marcus Low organizes the merger of the film companies Metro Pictures, Goldwyn Pictures and Louis B. Mayer Productions, but in 1927 he suddenly dies. Control of the new Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) corporation passes to Nicholas Schenck. The Schenck brothers become heads of two major film companies. From 1925 to 1942, MGM firmly occupies a leading position Hollywood film industry. MGM was so successful that it was the only movie studio in Hollywood to pay dividends during the Great Depression. During these years, MGM released the films Gone with the Wind, The Wizard of Oz and the cartoon Tom and Jerry. Thanks to the production instinct of Nicholas Schenk, actors Clark Gable, Greta Garbo and others are filmed in the films of the studio.

After gaining film company management experience at United Artists, Joseph Schenck and his partner Darryl Zanuck founded 20th Century Pictures in 1933. Despite the crisis in the United States, the small film company is doing better every year. In 1935, 20th Century Pictures takes over the larger, bankrupt film company Fox Film Corporation. Joseph Schenck becomes the first president of the new 20th Century Fox Corporation.

By 1935, the Schenck brothers were one of the most influential people in Hollywood. Joseph Schenk is one of the 36 founding members of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, which presents the Oscars. In 1953, he received an honorary "Oscar" for his contribution to cinema, and Joseph Schenk also has a star No. 6757 on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Another story is connected with the name of Joseph Schenk. In 1946 famous producer met aspiring actress Norma Mortensen and they began to friendly relations. Shenk has been active in her career as an actress. After several unsuccessful films at his studio, Schenk helps Norma sign a contract with Columbia Pictures. In 1950, Norma Mortensen returned to 20th Century Fox and starred in All About Eve. After the release of the film on the screens, we will know this unique blonde actress as Marilyn Monroe.

Joseph Schenck died in 1961 at the age of 82. His younger brother Nicholas Schenck died in 1969 at the age of 87. In the days of their death, American newspapers and magazines published obituaries in which the Schenk brothers were called none other than the founders of the film industry and cinema generals.

Hollywood got its name thanks to the modest married couple of American immigrants Wilcox. In 1886 they bought a large piece of land near the small town of Los Angeles. Mrs. Wilcox gave the idea to call this place "Hollywood" ("holly" - holly and "wood" - forest).

As is known, the artist Paul de Lonpre, German peasants, as well as a reservation of Indians lived next door to the Wilcoxes. Five years later, this land began to bring profit in that the family began to rent it out, and by 1903 a commandment had grown around a small house, which was attached to Los Angeles on the suburbs.

Hollywood didn't just get the movie, it came thanks to Colonel William N. Zeling. It all started with the fact that at the beginning of the 20th century he bought a share of land from the Wilcoxes to separate his Chicago film company. Everything happened legally, there was a license for filming equipment and permission for film rental and distribution. At that time, the so-called “patent war” broke out in America, the main problems of which were in disputes about the rights to own projection equipment.

В peзультaтe, котоpого муниципaлитeт Лос - Aнджeлeсa нaложил зaпpeт нa откpытиe в гоpодe и eго облaстях никeльодeоны (нeлeгaльныe кинотeaтpы, зa стоимость пpосмотpa фильмa, котоpого взимaлaсь суммa в 5 цeнтов, по - aнглийски «никeль», «одeон» - тeaтp, гдe покaзывaлись укpaдeнныe films on unlicensed equipment.The more people populated the country, the more interest in American cinema appeared. In the last century, a significant number of people emigrated from Europe to America, this contributed to a more intensive development of cinematography. Most of the emigrants became the organizers and founders of the most famous film studios in the country: Adolf Zukor (Hungary), who previously worked in the workshop of a furrier, he owns the foundation of the Paramount studio; Karl Leml (Germany) - was a clothing seller, founded Universal, Louis B. Mayer (Russia, Minsk) - previously sold metal, he owns the Metro-Goldwin-Mayer company.

All film work used to be anonymous. It means that the names of the actors and actresses who starred in the pictures were not mentioned anywhere. Сaмым популяpным aктepом пpиходилось пpятaться под псeвдонимaми типa «Maлeнькaя Mэpи», «Дeвушкa Витaгpaфa» и т. д. Этa модa нa инкогнито былa нapушeнa в мapтe 1910 годa Кapлом Лeмль, он пpосто зaключил соглaшeниe с aктpисой Флоpeнс Лоуpeнс, имeвшeй псeвдоним «Дeвушкa Бaйогpaфa» .

Everyone liked this innovation. Slowly, Hollywood began to acquire the first stars, each of which had a certain acting role. For example, each actor belonged to his own category: some acted as women - vamps, windy girls, elementary ordinary women, innocent girls, sex bombs (instead of the expression "sexuality" was used).

Actors - men were classified according to a different principle: passionate lovers, comedians, cowboys, neighbors, the king of horrors and others.

So unusual and interesting for us is Hollywood of those times from which it arose.

Premiere of "The Tourist" in New York

Film "Tourist". World premiere in New York

People`s Choice Awards-2011: winners

Yesterday, the annual People's Choice Awards ceremony was held at the Nokia Theater in Los Angeles. The show was hosted by the big, cheerful and energetic Queen Latifah.

The new haircut of 44-year-old Hollywood actress Jennifer Aniston - a torn bob - changed her appearance beyond recognition. See photos of the star with a new hairstyle.

Nicole Kidman was born in Hawaii, but at the age of 4 she moved to Australia with her parents. Later, Nicole was in the same class as Naomi Watts.

68 Golden Globes

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The history of the creation of Hollywood goes back to the beginning of the 19th century. As the story goes, the name “Hollywood” itself owes its birth to the Wilcox married couple who moved to America, who acquired a large plot of land in the vicinity of the small town of Los Angeles at that time. At the request of the wife, this site was named Hollywood, which means “wood” - forest and “holly” - holly. According to historians, a few years later, the Wilcoxes began to lease part of their land, and over time, a settlement grew around their estate, which was annexed to Los Angeles as a suburb.

HOLLYWOOD HISTORY. HOW CINEMATOGRAPHY WAS CREATED

Where did Hollywood start?

In the early twentieth century, Colonel William N. Zeling bought some of the land from married couple Wilcox, where he placed part of his film company, which he created in Chicago. A big impetus to the development of cinema in America received with a significant settlement of its territory by settlers. It was the settlers who became the founders of the largest American film studios, for example, the apprentice furrier Adolf Zukor, a migrant from Hungary, became the founder of Paramount, and the Warner brothers, who were engaged in bicycle advertising, eventually created Warner Brosers, the German clothing merchant Karl Leml became the founder of the Universal company, but the Metro-Goldwin-Mayer company was founded by the Russian scrap metal dealer Louis B. Mayer.

Paramount English. Paramount

In the early days, actors in American films acted under pseudonyms such as "The Vitograph Girl" or "Little Mary". However, the signing of an agreement with actress Florence Lawrence by Carl Laeml, founder of the Universal film company, marked the beginning of an era of fame and fame for Hollywood actors and put an end to the work of actors incognito. This initiative was eagerly picked up by other film companies. Since then, Hollywood stars have been born one after another.

Universal English. “Universal”

As the story goes, the first Hollywood film was The Indian Woman's Husband, a western by Cecil B. deMille.

Excellent natural conditions Hollywood, its cozy streets have become excellent foundation for filming movies. Thanks to this, up to 800 films a year were created in Hollywood. Since then, the history of Hollywood began to develop at a tremendous pace. With the development of cinema in this city, the infrastructure necessary for film companies is actively developing: financial institutions, restaurants, clubs and many other entertainment complexes. In addition, the population of Hollywood was divided into two parts - the elite and auxiliary workers. Gradually, residential buildings were replaced from the main street by various buildings of film studios.

The development of cinematography entailed tougher competition between small film studios. To avoid bankruptcy, it was profitable to create large film trusts from small film studios. Subsequently, these film trusts began to unite with rental companies. This is how film companies were born. "Paramount", "United Artists", Metro Goldwyn Myers, "Warner Bros".

United Artists United Artists

Metro Goldwyn Mayer Metro Goldwyn Mayer

Hollywood developed rapidly, and soon they started talking about it all over the world. Almost every actor and actress dreamed of taking part in the filming of a Hollywood film and, of course, becoming a star, and not just a star, but a Hollywood star.

A few words from the history of Hollywood cinema

The first Hollywood film studio was created by the Centaur company, the Nestor studio. Westerns were the first films that were released by Centaur. Who would have thought that 10 years after the opening of a film studio in an abandoned diner that was located on the road, they would talk about Hollywood as the center of the film industry in the United States of America.

Film history connoisseurs consider The Birth of a Nation as the beginning of cinema, as special kind art. This film was directed by David Wark Griffith, who introduced a film culture that defined everything. further development cinema industry. It was he who was awarded the Oscar for his special contribution to the development of cinema.

Separately, I would like to dwell on the history of the appearance of the figurine itself. There are several versions of the appearance of this name. According to the first version, the figurine was named by the librarian Margaret Herrick, who, upon seeing the figurine, exclaimed that she looked so much like her uncle Oscar. The second version says that Bette Davis named the figurine "Oscar" because she was very similar to her husband, whose name was Oscar. It is worth noting that the figurine acquired its name a little later than it was first awarded. Already from the first Oscars, this event has been followed by residents of many countries.

Alan Crosland, who starred in the film " jazz singer", was able to conquer all of America with his talent and gift for establishing psychological contact with the audience. This unique ability was noted by Charlie Chaplin himself. This film was released in 1927 and was the first of the sound films. It was with the advent of sound cinema that the golden age of Hollywood cinema began.

Alan Crosland – Jazz singer

The first film to be shot in widescreen was The Shroud. This film was directed by Henry Coster in 1953. First color feature film was filmed in 1935 by director Ruben Mamoulian. The appearance of this film called "Becky Sharp" is considered the beginning of the era of color cinema in "Hollywood".

Henry Koster - Shroud

Ruben Mamulyan - Becky Sharp

Despite all the advantages of sound films over silent films, the transition to the new kind the movie turned out to be a very expensive event for Hollywood, so he had to turn to banks and other financial institutions for help. Under pressure from some financial institutions that expressed certain views religious associations, Hollywood film companies were forced to sign a certain Production Code, according to which they had to avoid topics that were unacceptable to these organizations. Joseph Breen supervised the implementation of this code.

Here are the main prohibited points of the Production Code:

• religious beliefs were not to be subject to any criticism;
• it was forbidden to show surgical operations;
• films must not feature drug use;
• a ban was imposed on the demonstration of drunkenness;
• films should not show cruelty to children and animals;
• the use of swear words in speech was prohibited;
• the film could not show violence and details of robberies, so as not to encourage breaking the law;
• the killing of a police officer by a criminal in the film was also prohibited, although the police themselves could kill criminals in unlimited numbers;
• a ban was placed on sexual relations in the film as well. passionate kisses, nude actors, same-sex or interracial relationships were strictly prohibited.

History of Hollywood. Part 1. Pioneers of the Kinetoscope

History of children's and family cinema

In the 1930s, going to the cinema was a family affair because there was no TV movie. Based on this trend, films were created in such a way that they were interesting to any viewer. However, there were also such films that were oriented towards the children's audience, although adults were also willing to watch them.

Shirley Temple is considered the most famous young actress of the time. For the first time on the screen, she appeared at the age of 4 years. Over the next 10 years, she starred in 31 single films. Her popularity reached such proportions that many children's toys began to be named after her.

It was the 30s of the last century that became the peak of the popularity of juvenile actors and actresses. Among them are Peggy Enn Garner, Freddie Bartholomew, Margaret O'Brien. Much more often, young actors appeared in musicals and comedies. The famous singer Deanna Durbin, who starred in the film "A Difficult Age", saved the Universal company from bankruptcy in 1938.

However, luxurious life there were little actors and back side. Before filming, they studied at the school at the film studio, and the filming day often ended after midnight. Many of the children were stuffed with a variety of pills to keep them from falling asleep on set and also from gaining weight. As a result, some children developed drug addiction.

Units from young stars managed to maintain its popularity until middle age. Some were left without a livelihood at all, as their parents spent all the money they earned. One of these actors, Jackie Coogan, was forced to sue his mother in order to get back at least a small part of his earnings. Later, the “Coogan Act” was even approved, according to which half of the money earned by a juvenile actor was to be transferred to his personal account so that in the future he could easily dispose of them.

History of the Institute of Stars

Initially, there was no institution of stars in Hollywood cinema. As such, it appeared in 1920 and was finally formed only in 1930. In the early days of Hollywood cinema, the stars seemed as inaccessible to moviegoers as the stars in the sky. Aspiring actors and actresses were taught in special schools attached to the studios, and big PR companies worked to maintain the image of movie stars. The yellow press has become a source of information about the personal lives of Hollywood movie stars, conveying to the reader the slightest details of inaccessible stars. Over time, when Hollywood cinema began to acquire modern features, the actors have become closer to the viewer, in addition, they have more freedom. Now Hollywood actor or the actress could independently choose the films in which they would like to act and form their image. We can definitely say that already in the 90s of the last century, the actors themselves began to set the tone for the development of Hollywood cinema.

We can distinguish such famous people who played important role in the history of the development of Hollywood cinema:

• Max Linder, Buster Keaton, Charlie Chaplin, the Marx Brothers and Harrold Lloyd made Hollywood comedies famous;
• Rudolfo Valentino made Hollywood melodrama famous;
• John Ford made some of the most captivating westerns;
• Film noir made famous by Humphrey Boggart;
• Fred Astern and Gene Kelly made Hollywood musicals famous;
• Thrillers were made famous by Alfred Hitchcock.

Since films were being shot at that time, which were mainly aimed at the mass audience, this somewhat narrowed the possibilities and desires of the directors. Based on this, the leading places were occupied by the actors who were most loved by the public.

However, by the beginning of the 60s, the mass audience was fed up with films that were shot according to the template, and this led to the collapse of the existing studio system. The directors thought about the question of what the viewer wants to see on the screen, this is what led to the emergence of new ideas in the cinema. New wave The development of Hollywood cinema gave Francis Ford Coppola, Steven Spielberg, George Lucas and others the opportunity to show their strength. It was these directors who were destined to stand at the origins of modern cinema Hollywood.

History of the Walk of Fame

Many have already heard about the Hollywood Walk of Fame. At its core, these are the sidewalks of Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street, on which there are handprints famous people Hollywood. Today there are 2600 prints and this is not the limit. The alley is regularly replenished with new specimens.

The Walk of Fame has its roots in the 1950s. This project was developed by E.M. Stuart, on the creation of which he worked for several years. The main contradiction in the creation of this alley was the question “who is worthy to leave his imprint”. Initially, the number of applicants was 6 people. Subsequently, it increased to 130 and was constantly changing.

1958 was marked in Hollywood by the laying of the first six stars, but only in 1960 did it officially open. Since then, the number of prints has grown many times over. It is worth noting that the stars are received not only by actors, but also by other figures in the film industry. The award takes place in five categories: contribution to the development of the film industry, sound recording, theater, television and radio.

The name Tinseltown refers to the gorgeous nature of Hollywood and the film industry.

Today, most of the film industry is dispersed around neighborhoods such as the Westside, but much of the ancillary industry, such as editing, effects, props, post-production, and lighting, remains in Hollywood, as does Paramount Pictures' location location.

The first studio in Hollywood was founded by the New Jersey-based Centaur Company, which wanted to film westerns in California. They rented an abandoned roadside diner at 6121 Sunset Boulevard on the corner of Gower Street, and converted it into a movie studio in October, naming it "Nestor Studios" after their company's western branch. The building later became the Hollywood Film Lab, now called the Hollywood Digital Laboratory. The first full-length feature film made directly at Hollywood Studios was The Indian Woman's Husband, created by Cecil B. De Mille and Oscar Apfel. Feature films made in Los Angeles prior to The Indian Woman's Husband are From Dusk Till Dawn () and The Sea Wolf ().

The four major film companies Paramount, Warner Bros. ”, “RKO Pictures” and “Columbia” had studios in Hollywood, as well as several smaller companies.

1920-1940

Until 1921, Hollywood became world famous as the center of the film industry in the United States. From the 1920s until the 1940s, most transportation to and from Hollywood was by Pacific Electric Railway's Red Cars.

Contemporary Hollywood

While film production is still concentrated in the Hollywood area, most of the studios are in the Los Angeles area. Paramount Pictures is the only major studio still physically located in Hollywood. Other studios in the area, including the aforementioned Jim Henson (formerly Chaplin), are Sunset Gower Studios and Raleigh Studios.

Since Hollywood and the Los Felitz area were originally the sites for the development of the first television stations in Los Angeles, most of them have now moved to other locations within metro range. KNBC began their move back in 1962 when they moved from the former NBC Radio City Studios, which was on the north corner of Sunset Boulevard and Vine Street, to NBC Studios in Burbank.

In 2002, the people of Hollywood began a campaign to separate the area from Los Angeles and receive, as it was a hundred years ago, the status of an incorporated municipality. Secessionists believe their neighborhood's needs have been ignored by Los Angeles leaders. In June of that year, the Los Angeles County Council announced a referendum to secede both Hollywood and the San Fernando Valley, putting the decision to a popular vote. In order for a decision to be made, it needed to gain the approval of a majority of the voters in the proposed new municipality, as well as a majority of the voters in all of Los Angeles. In the elections in November, both referendums were not accepted by the majority of voters.

Hollywood is governed by several neighboring councils, including the Hollywood United District Council (HUNC) and the Hollywood Studio District District Council. These two groups are part of a network of county councils certified by the Los Angeles Department of District Development, or DONE. District councils have advisory votes on matters such as division, planning, and other community matters. Council members are chosen by entities, which generally include anyone who works, owns property, or belongs to an organization within the boundaries of the council.

rebirth

After for long years of a severe downturn, when many Hollywood sites were threatened with destruction, today Hollywood is undergoing rapid gentrification and a revival in order to densify urban population. Many projects have already been completed, concentrating on Hollywood Boulevard. The Hollywood and Highland complex (from the side of the Kodak Theatre) was the main catalyst for the redevelopment of the area. As well as numerous fashionable bars, nightclubs, and shopping centers, opened on the Boulevard or in its vicinity, returned to Hollywood the status of the center nightlife Los Angeles, accounts for the 13th district of the city, 0.68% Indians, 8.98% Asians, 0.12% - representatives of the indigenous population of the islands Pacific Ocean, 22.23% - representatives of other races. 39.43% of the population identified their origin as Hispanic (Hispanic).

Hollywood is one of the oldest centers of the Armenian diaspora in the world. The first Armenians came here in the 1880s from Ottoman Empire, further their number increased after the Armenian genocide in 1915. In 1979-1980, the community increased with 9,500 Armenians, who came mainly from Lebanon, from October 1987 to March 1988, 2,000 Armenians from the USSR moved to live in Hollywood. In 1989, 3,000 Armenians from Iran and 12,000 Armenians from Lebanon also settled in Hollywood. With the collapse of the USSR in 1991, a new stream of Armenian immigration poured into Hollywood, but from Armenia itself. Today, up to 50,000 Armenian Americans live in Hollywood, which is about 25% of the population of Hollywood and live mainly in East and North Hollywood, where they make up the majority of the population.