Festive folk costume is a holistic artistic image. Open art lesson
Material from NSPU named after. K.Minina
Author of the project
Subject, class
Visual arts 5th grade
Brief summary of the project
In this project we will reveal the components of a festive costume; We will see various forms of jewelry, the decor of hats, we will touch the history of our Motherland, our native village, we will feel the beauty and breadth of our native land, our Russia.
Questions guiding the project
Fundamental Question
Do we need to remember and respect the traditions and customs of the Russian people?
Problematic issues
What features did the Russian women's costume have?
What features did the Russian men's suit have?
Why did the costume become festive?
Study questions
What are the main elements of a traditional folk costume in Rus'?
What types of ornaments did our ancestors use to decorate their costumes?
What was the purpose of folk clothing?
What did you decorate your holiday clothes with?
What traditional folk costume headdresses do you know?
What fabrics were used to make folk costumes?
Project plan
Stage I - Introduction to the project, division into groups, drawing up work plans, distribution of responsibilities in the group.
Stage II - collection and processing of information.
Stage III - registration of research results, interim reports, self-assessment and mutual assessment.
Stage IV - defense of work, evaluation of work products of project activities according to criteria, reflection.
Teacher publication
Lesson topic: “Russian folk costume.”
Lesson type: combined
Kind of activity: individual, pair, group
Expected result:
- artistic and creative:
mini-project - creation of the album “Folk Festive Costume”,
creation of a collective creative composition “Russian round dance”;
- meta-subject: (UUD)
cognitive actions - the ability to build an artistic image;
regulatory actions - the ability of students to determine the purpose of their work, identify stages of work, find appropriate means and tools, carry out step-by-step control and evaluation of their actions;
communicative actions – the student’s ability to cooperate, the ability to understand the intentions and interests of people interacting with him.
- personal:
a sense of pride in the culture and art of the Motherland, one’s people;
understanding the special role of culture and art in the life of society and each individual;
formation of aesthetic feelings, artistic and creative thinking and imagination;
the ability to cooperate with comrades in the process of joint activities under the guidance of a teacher;
the ability to discuss and analyze one’s own artistic activity and the work of classmates from the perspective of the creative tasks of a given topic.
Goals and objectives:
1. To familiarize students with the figurative structure of Russian women’s costume, its structure, symbolism of ornament and color; to form an understanding of the connection between people’s ideas about the structure of the world and the figurative structure of clothing.
2. To cultivate national self-awareness in the process of familiarization with Russian folk culture and regional cultural values.
3. Develop educational, cognitive and information and communication competencies: know the history of the origin of Russian clothing, be able to distinguish different costumes, be able to find the necessary information and use it; to promote the development of children's cognitive and creative activity in visual, decorative, artistic creativity, and to intensify independent creative search in solving artistic problems.
Musical range: Russian folk music.
Materials for students: colored paper, glue, scissors, album, paints.
Materials and equipment for the teacher: video sequence - presentation “Folk festive clothing”, handouts - patterns for paper plastic, reference cards “Sequence of performing the national festive costume”
During the classes:
I. Organizational stage. Leading to the purpose of the lesson.II. Stage “Setting the goals and objectives of the lesson”. Motivation to study the topic. Students select a goal that they would like to achieve by the end of the lesson. Mastering new material.
Answers on questions.
IV. Stage "Preventive". Physical exercise.
Task: conducting warm-up exercises to prevent physical inactivity, as well as preventive exercises for the eyes.
V. Stage “Initial check of understanding and consolidation of skills”. Setting an artistic task.
VI Stage“Application of what has been learned in practical activities”
VII. Stage“Information about homework, instructions on how to complete it”
VIII. Stage“Reflection (summarizing the lesson). Evaluation of results.
Lesson summary
I. Organizational stage. Leading to the purpose of the lesson.
Objective: inclusion of students in activities at a personally significant level.
II. Stage “Setting the goals and objectives of the lesson.” Motivation to study the topic. Students select a goal that they would like to achieve by the end of the lesson. Mastering new material.
Task: get acquainted with traditional Russian costume, its meaning, decoration.
They used to say about a woman:
The beautiful maiden is coming
It's like a peacock swimming.
-Can we say the same about the modern woman? Why?
It turns out that a person’s appearance and his costume plays an important role in everyone’s life. It is no coincidence that they have long said: “They meet you by their clothes, they see you off by their intelligence.”
What are we going to talk about today? What to do in class?
The topic of today's lesson is traditional Russian costume. We learn what in the appearance of a woman made it possible to say about her:
“The beautiful maiden is coming,
Like a peacock floating,
She's wearing a blue dress
Scarlet ribbon in a braid,
Feather on the head"
And further
And she herself is majestic,
The word peahen appears.
-What image is this song talking about?
Children: This song talks about a Russian girl.
Let's learn how to create a sketch image of Russian women's clothing. What is needed for this?
Let's create an outline for our lesson.
- get to know the history of the costume
- learn the rules of decoration
- do creative work
- evaluate your work
Teacher: Who does the author compare the Russian girl with? And why?
Children: He compares her to a “pavushka”, who is dressed in a beautiful Russian costume, on her head is a crown or kokoshnik, decorated with pearls and pendants. She acted as the hostess, holding her head high and her back straight, “like a peahen,” “floating like a swan,” the young girl always put her braid on display: “a braid is a girl’s beauty,” they said in the old days.
Teacher: The image of a woman has long been revered in Russian folk art and folklore, and often it is inseparable from the image of a bird - the oldest symbol of goodness and prosperity. “Swan”, “peahen”, “utyushka”, “dove” are epithets that have long been used in folk poetry, emphasizing the plastic side of the image of a Russian beauty.
Today in class we will take a trip into the past and get acquainted with Russian costume.
Interest in Russian folk costume has always existed. Folk costume is a priceless, integral heritage of the people’s culture, accumulated over centuries. Folk costume is not only a bright, original element of culture, but also a synthesis of various types of decorative creativity.
Awareness of a new topic
Students receive initial knowledge, awareness of the topic occurs through the teacher’s word, dialogue, discussion, explanatory and illustrative material, presentation “Russian folk festive costume”
Awareness of the topic involves, together with the children, developing and setting goals at this stage of activity, choosing means of expression and materials and methods of work.
Russian folk costume is also evidence of a strong connection with the culture of distant ancestors. The costume carries information about the people of a bygone era, about their way of life, worldview, and aesthetics. The best traditions of Russian costume continue to live today. The color, pattern, silhouette, sundresses, shirts, ponevs, caftans inspire modern artists - fashion designers, contribute to the development of creative abilities in creating their own models of costumes and their elements. We see how expressive Russian costumes are in folklore, in amateur performances, in theatrical productions and etc.
The teacher tells how the costume of Ancient Rus' developed, changed and improved: The shirt was the basis for women's and men's costume. The men's suit was a combination of a shirt and ports. Old Russian ports were sewn from two straight panels and a gusset between them. They were fixed on the belt with a cord - a gasket. The ports were not wide; they were tucked into boots or onuchi. Like shirts, the ports could later be either lower or upper. The lower ports were made of thinner material (canvas, silk), and the upper ones were made of denser material (cloth
The usual idea of Russian women's costume is associated with a sundress.
A sundress is a loose-fitting garment - it should not emphasize the lines of the figure. A sundress is sewn with wide armholes or with straps. The cutout can be round or rectangular. An everyday sundress was sewn from homespun motley cloth or printed cloth. For a festive sundress, they usually bought expensive material - brocade, Chinese, woolen garus.
Sundresses were decorated along the hem and along the fastening line with patterned ribbons, braid, and lace.
Buttons played a special role in decorating sundresses; they sometimes reached the size of a chicken egg.
The sundress was worn over a long shirt. It was one of the most elegant parts of a woman's costume. The collar, chest, wide armhole, hem and sleeves were especially lavishly decorated.
III. Stage “Knowledge Updating”.
Task: repetition of the studied material necessary for the “discovery of new knowledge”, identification of difficulties in the individual practical activities of each student.
What is an ornament?
Why was the ornament embroidered?
-What symbols were used in the ornaments?
The ornament could be floral, geometric, zoomorphic or mixed. It was believed that the ornament, along with the red color, had a protective effect, which is why it was placed in those places where the clothes ended. At the same time, by surrounding the hand with symbols, the person wanted to increase its strength and dexterity.
This is how they dressed in the central regions and northern Russia.
The costume of the southern provinces differed from the northern ones in that instead of a sundress they wore a poneva. Poneva consisted of several sewn or partially sewn panels of fabric, gathered at the waist with a cord. Ponievas were sewn from checkered or red fabrics with transverse stripes. They were decorated along the hem with strips of fabric, ribbons, and braid. In some areas, bells were sewn onto the poneva; according to the peasants, their strumming protected them from evil spirits.
An apron was often worn over the ponyova; it not only protected clothes from getting dirty, but also served as an additional decoration.
- Why do you think there were such differences in the cut, and especially in the colors of the costumes of the north and south?
And the Russian woman’s costume was completed with a headdress. He received special attention.
By the headdress one could find out what area its owner was from and what age group she belonged to.
Girls everywhere could leave their hair uncovered; a ribbon on their head was enough. They also wore “bandages”, kokoshniks. A married woman had to hide her hair, so the headdresses were closed, for example, “warrior”.
Not only were headdresses decorated with gold thread, but also freshwater pearls. And yet the most common type of headdress was the kokoshnik. In the Pskov province they wore a kokoshnik “shishak”, embroidered with pearls; the pearls were collected in “cones” - a symbol of fertility. It falls down onto the forehead in the form of a net of small pearls.
Another amazing kokoshnik, in the form of a flat-bottomed round hat. To make the brim puff up, pearls were strung on horsehair. The kokoshniks themselves were made of cardboard, covered with brocade and embroidered with pearls.
Dressed in her traditional costume, the peasant woman represented, as it were, a model of the Universe: the lower earthly tier of clothing is covered with symbols of the earth, seeds, vegetation, at the upper edge of the clothing we see birds and the personification of rain, and at the very top all this is crowned with clear and undeniable symbols of the sky: the sun , stars, birds.
While singing songs, the girls spun, weaved, prepared their dowry, they walked around the village singing on warm summer evenings, they intended their best outfits for round dances and festivities - this is how an inextricable connection between the costume and the song arose and made them related by the originality of rhythms and harmonic combinations.
And of course, the theme of the costume was reflected in folk crafts: a clay toy, a matryoshka doll. And in folk music.
IV. Physical exercise.
Task: conducting warm-up preventive gymnastics for the eyes.
V. Stage “Initial check of understanding and consolidation of skills.” Setting an artistic task.
Task: choosing an ornament and color solutions to create a sketch of a sundress (paper layouts) in the material.
Stage VI “Application of what has been learned in practical activities”
Task: practical implementation of the task, independent creative work of students.
Independent work. Additional information will be provided as work progresses.
More than 500 years ago, Domostroy said about the rules for wearing and storing clothes: “On holidays and in good weather, and in public, you should wear smart clothes, walk carefully in the morning, and be careful from dirt, snow, and rain.” , do not pour drink on it, do not get it dirty with food or lard, do not sit on blood or wet things. Returning from a holiday or from guests, take off your elegant dress, inspect it, dry it, knead it, wipe off the dirt, clean it and put it well where it is stored.”
-Do we all treat our clothes with the same care?
A very important part of the costume was the belt. Previously, walking without a belt was considered a sin. A belt was put on the newborn immediately after baptism. The width of the belt could be from 1 to 10 cm. Depending on the fashion, belts were tied either at the waist or under the chest. The girls wore removable pockets on them - “lakoniks”. Women attached small purses for money, keys, and sometimes even a chicken bone “insert” to them, which, according to legend, helped them wake up early in the morning.
To remove a man's belt, to untie him, meant to dishonor him. This is where the expression “unbelted man” comes from - a person of unworthy behavior.
Students work on three tasks: differentiation in teaching:
Group 1 completes sketches in color (weaker students);
Group 2 makes a sketch of a sundress using the appliqué technique;
Group 3 works individually and in pairs - perform a three-dimensional figure. Technique: paper-plastic. Video visualization is used.
Final result: Groups 1 and 2 design an album (mini-project) - “Russian Women's Costume” and defend it.
Group 3 composes the collective composition “Merry Round Dance” - Russian tunes and ditties sound.
VII. Stage “Information about homework, instructions on how to complete it”
Task: search work in visual comparison of various folk costumes.
VIII. Stage “Reflection (summarizing the lesson). Evaluation of results.
Objective: involving students in activities at an analytical level.
Reflection:
it was interesting to me…
I was surprised...
it was difficult for me...
I wanted…
Lesson summary
Students come to the board with their work.
-Looking at the wonderful costumes, we can really say: “WONDERFUL, WONDERFUL.”
Application
A lesson in learning new material.
Target: educational:
To uncover:
Folk festive costume as a holistic artistic image;
North Russian and South Russian clothing complex;
A variety of forms and decorations of folk festive costume in various republics and regions of Russia;
The shape and decor of women's hats; expression of the idea of the integrity of the world, the indissolubility of the earthly and heavenly in the figurative structure of folk festive clothing.
developing:
continue to develop the skills and abilities to create sketches of festive costumes from different regions and peoples of Russia using various techniques and materials
educational:
to develop students’ aesthetic and artistic taste,
cultivate respect and love for folk traditions.
equipment (materials: paper, handouts and teaching materials).
During the classes.
Organizing time.
Is everything alright?
Pencils, erasers, paints,
Everyone has an album,
He asks for work and trembles.
II. Conversation.
On this cheerful note we begin our lesson. Today we continue to work on the section “Ancient Roots of Folk Art”; our lesson on studying new material is devoted to the topic: “Folk festive costume”.
Let's start with the epigraph: These are the words of a folk song:
"The red maiden got up early
Got up white and blush
Washed with clean dew
Wearing a bright sundress
Painted in gold,
beaded embroidered
There is a kokoshnik on the head
and boots on my feet
Well done next to her
in a painted shirt."
Indeed, this is a description of Russian festive folk costume.
The purpose of our lesson is
Reveal the components of the festive costume of two regions of our country;
see various forms of jewelry, decor of headdresses, touch the history of our Motherland, our native village (look at the exhibition of the folk costume of our village),
to feel the beauty and breadth of our native land, our Russia.
Come on guys, imagine that we live in Russia not in the twenty-first century, but somewhere in the eighteenth!
What can you say about the life of a Russian family?
What kind of life was it?
How did you live in the summer and in the winter? (Children express their opinions.)
Indeed, the Russian family had a hard life in past centuries. In spring and summer there is hard work in the field. The work began with the first ray of sunshine, and the work was completed when it was completely dark. But when the holiday came, it was joyful and welcome for the peasants. They were waiting for it and preparing for it. Everyone put on their best clothes. They sewed them themselves, and everyone wanted to show off their outfits and their skills. Any clothing was taken care of, because it was obtained with great difficulty, and each item had to serve for many years, often for more than one generation in the family.
What kind of clothes did they wear back then?
How is it different from ours?
The search group, which was preparing additionally for our lesson, decided to answer these questions. Now let’s give them the floor.
Student presentations, slide shows and summarization of this information.
Men's clothing.
Traditional men's clothing, compared to women's clothing, was distinguished by its simplicity and ordinariness. Its main parts were a shirt and trousers (trousers). The shirt was made from white or colored canvas. It was worn at graduation over pants. It was almost knee-length. It had a brim (inserts on the shoulders) gathered around the neck onto a small stand with a slit on the chest. The hem and arm had decorative trim made with black wool. The shirt was tied with a narrow or wide hand-made belt-sash. A bright wool belt added emphasis to a modest suit.
The outerwear was a zipun made of homespun cloth, wrapped on the left side, fastened with hooks or buttons.
Men's shoes were boots or bast shoes.
Let us summarize the information received.
What was included in a Russian men's suit?
The Russian men's suit included:
Trousers-pants
Belt-sash
The main motifs of the embroidery were: the theme of a talisman against evil spirits; the forces of life, the earth, which has received the energy of the sun and is capable of giving life to all living things.
Let's move on to women's holiday costume.
Guys, if the men's suit was almost the same in the regions of the country, then the women's suit had significant differences:
Let's take a closer look at this:
Women's folk costumes (Slide show)
Northern costume:
The traditional women's outfit of the Russian north is often called the “sarafan complex”, since its main parts are a shirt and a sundress. In the old days, shirts were made from linen and hemp canvas. Sleeves, shoulders and collars not covered by a sundress were embroidered with red threads. The festive sundress itself was made from expensive fabric, decorated on the front with a patterned stripe, braid, silver lace, and patterned buttons. A short cap was worn over the sundress. And in the cold - a shower warmer. The head was tied with a ribbon-bandage, and on holidays - with kokoshniks. At the end of the braid there was a braid made of beads.
In such a costume, the girl looked like a little girl.
Guys, pay attention.
The northern costume included:
Sundress
-apron
Epanika
Southern folk costume.
(Slide show)
In the southern regions of Russia, a type of clothing consisting of a shirt, a blanket, an apron, and a magpie cap was common. Unlike a sundress, this clothing was only peasant clothing. Ponyova was made of woolen checkered homespun material, which was wrapped around and secured at the waist. The poneva was trimmed with ribbons and braid. It came with an apron. It was entirely decorated with patterned stripes. Headdresses were decorated with embroidery, strips of lace, ribbons, and beadwork.
Thus, the southern costume included:
Shirt
-poneva
warmer
In Russian folk costume, the headdress occupies an important place. (Slide show).
Let's consider the shape and decor of women's hats. 54.
They are often decorated with images of the sun, stars, trees, birds, and the names of the bird’s dresses themselves:
kokoshnik from the word “kokon” - rooster,
kika or kichka (duck), magpie.
Each detail of the headdress gave originality to the woman’s appearance and created the local flavor of the costume of the residents of a particular region.
(Slide show)
Working with a painting.
The woman in folk costume looked very beautiful. Many artists depicted the beauty of Russian women on their canvases. The best paintings by famous Russian artists are dedicated to peasants. These are paintings by Surikov, Vasnetsov.
(Slides)
One of the outstanding artists was the portrait painter I.P. Argunov, a serf of the richest landowner Sheremetyev.
Consider his painting, painted in 1784, “Portrait of an Unknown Woman in Russian Costume.”
So here is a Russian peasant woman in a festive costume.
Golden sundress;
White blouse;
Kokoshnik decorated with embroidery;
The appearance of the pretty, simple-minded girl in the portrait turned out to be attractive to many generations of viewers. Today it is kept in the main museum of Russian art in our country, the Tretyakov Gallery.
Today we will try to show the beauty of folk costume in our works.
III. Practical work.
Now, let's move on to practical work.
The goal of which is to create a Russian festive costume.
Each of you has templates where you must depict a Russian festive costume, complete it in color, not forgetting about the main colors and embroidery motifs.
1) Group 1 – “Artists” work with gouache.
2) group “Fashion Designers” - work with colored paper and make appliqué.
But first, let me remind you about the safety rules
(briefing together)
When working with glue, remember:
Glue should be applied to the paper only with a brush and in a thin layer.
When gluing parts, make sure that the glue does not get on the table surface.
Not three eyes with your hands.
Wash your hands after work.
Do not hold the scissors with the end up.
Do not leave scissors open.
Don't cut with scissors as you go.
Do not approach your friend while cutting.
Place the scissors on the table so that they do not hang over the edge of the table.
Hand over scissors only when closed.
So guys, let's get to work.
While working, you will hear recordings of the folklore group “Ladushka” from our village of Peschanoye, who, like you, created festive costumes and sang these soulful songs.
(The melody of folklore sounds).
IV. Lesson analysis.
On the board, the guys make up a “Merry Round Dance” from their works.
Well done to all of you, it turned out to be a wonderful round dance, which we will talk about at the next lesson summary:
"Festive folk festivities."
V. Let's summarize the lesson.
Guys, today we looked at the northern and southern festive costume of the Russian people.
You have been given cards.
Arrange the north and south components correctly.
Thus, today we have touched our culture, the traditions of the Russian people, because the festive costume reflected the breadth of soul, willpower, beauty, integrity of the world, the indissolubility of the earthly and heavenly in the image of the structure of folk festive clothing.
Reflection
1.The most interesting thing in the lesson was when...
2. I felt good during the lesson because...
3.The most difficult part of the lesson was when...
4. After today’s lesson I would like to wish the teacher...
VI. Home building: Finish the work, the task of the search group is to prepare messages “Festive festivities”.
VII. Lesson grade.
Sections: MHC and ISO
Lesson topic: Russian folk festive women's costume.
Lesson objectives:
Educational: Continue to introduce the features of Russian folk festive clothing.
Developmental: Improve composition skills, work with paper, scissors, glue, and other materials.
Educational: To cultivate a sense of beauty, a sense of pride in the deep historical and spiritual roots of our country.
Equipment for the lesson:
- Presentation with reproductions of paintings.
- Samples of Russian costume.
- Sample application.
- A set of materials for a practical task.
- Audio recording of folk melodies.
During the classes
Organizational part.
Teacher: Hello! Today we have a slightly unusual lesson, but since the lesson is a joint creativity of the teacher and students, I ask you to support me and conduct this lesson together and interestingly. Can I count on your support? (children's answers)
Teacher: Thank you! Let's see what you have on your desks and what we need today (the teacher names and shows, the class checks): a technological map of the lesson with which you will work during the lesson, a set for a practical task, pens... and a great desire to learn new and create beautiful things. I'll go by and check if everyone is okay. Well done! Everyone is ready for the lesson.
Announcing the topic of the lesson
Teacher: So, let's start working with the technological map, fill out the first line: today is November 7th, then write down your first and last name. The topic of our lesson is “Russian folk festive women's costume”, write it down in your technological maps.
Topic: “Folk festive costume.” Purpose: Educational: Reveal: folk festive costume as a holistic artistic image; North Russian and South Russian clothing complex; variety of forms and decorations of folk festive costume in various republics and regions of Russia; shape and decor of women's hats; expression of the idea of the integrity of the world, the indissolubility of the earthly and heavenly in the figurative structure of folk festive clothing. Developmental: to continue the formation of skills in making sketches of festive costumes from different regions and peoples of Russia using various techniques and materials Educational: to form students’ aesthetic and artistic taste, to cultivate respect and love for folk traditions. Equipment (materials: paper, paints, pencils, eraser); educational presentation, video film “Woman in folk costume”. During the classes.
1. Organizational moment. Greetings. A new lesson has arrived. I will smile at you, and you will smile at each other. And you will think: how good it is that we are all here together today. We are modest and kind, friendly and affectionate. We are all healthy. I wish us all a good lesson! 2. Statement of the topic and purpose of the lesson On this note, we begin our lesson. Today we continue to work on the section “Ancient Roots of Folk Art”; our lesson on studying new material is devoted to the topic: “Folk festive costume”. The purpose of our lesson is to reveal the components of a festive costume; see various forms of jewelry, decor of hats, touch the history of our Motherland, our native village, feel the beauty and breadth of our native land, our Russia. 3. Presentation of new material. I. Updating knowledge. Teacher: Children! Do you like to wear beautiful clothes? A student dressed in Russian folk costume enters the class. Teacher: What nation’s costume is represented on our assistant?
Teacher: Your great-grandmothers and great-grandfathers also sported folk attire. The life of peasants was inextricably linked with nature, the cultivation of the land and the corresponding labor cycles. The holiday either completed some stage of the difficult peasant life, or preceded the next important stage. The holidays were expected and prepared for. Festive clothing was very colorful, always decorated with elements of embroidery, stripes of braid, beads, cord, sequins and other details that, as a rule, were not found in everyday clothing. Today, a computer presentation will help us see all the beauty of the festive Russian costume. For many peoples, ancient festive clothes had a three-tier structure of decorations. Headdresses and the upper part of the costume are associated with the image of the sky, so the compositions of the patterns are based on an appeal to the sun, stars, birds, which connect heaven and earth. Ribbons hanging from hats symbolize rain. The patterns and embroideries are dominated by the image of fertile land.
We wear caps, berets, and hats on our heads. And in ancient times, women wore kokoshniks and magpies, covering them with scarves on top. These headdresses consisted of 25 elements and sometimes weighed several tens of kilograms. Women have always paid special attention to headdresses, the most visible part of any costume. Headdresses were extremely varied, but were always clearly divided into maiden headdresses and married women's headdresses. According to ancient custom, a married woman had to carefully cover her hair from prying eyes. It was forbidden to leave the house or do household chores with your head uncovered. But young girls were not forbidden to show off their hair: “A girl’s braid is a beauty to the whole world.” Hence the differences: girls have light airy braids, crowns, crowns, kokoshniks, ribbons, hoops, and women have deaf magpies, kiki, warriors, scarves. The clothes of a girl in central and northern Russia consisted of a shirt, sundress, epanechka, and in cold weather, a dushegreya. Folk holiday clothing could tell a lot of interesting things about its owner: where he was from, what age he was, and for what occasion he was dressed like that. The clothing of each region (province) of Russia had its own patterns, favorite colors, trims, shapes and styles. In the Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Novgorod, Kostroma, and Yaroslavl regions, combinations of a white base with a red pattern were common.
Over the course of several centuries, a tradition developed of creating and wearing those forms of clothing that were the most functional and adapted both to climatic conditions and to convey certain information about their owners. Russia as a whole is characterized by 2 types of women's costume sets: North Russian, which is based on a shirt and a long sundress, and South Russian, the second component of which is a short and voluminous poneva. The festive shirt was decorated with embroidery, which protected the woman from the evil eye. The collar, mantles, chest, and hem were especially decorated. It was believed that the richer the shirt was decorated. The happier its owner. By touching the ground with the hem of her shirt, the woman received vitality, and embroideries with fertility symbols gave the earth fertile forces. The hem of a shirt or skirt was decorated with ornaments symbolizing sown arable land. These are triangles, rhombuses, rectangles with dots. The ends of the wicker belts were decorated with the heads of lizards, which symbolized the underwater world. Teacher: What forms of ornament do you know? Where are they used? Student answers: Ornaments are classified into three forms: centric, ribbon and mesh.
A centric ornament is a pattern whose decorative elements are grouped so as to create a closed movement. This pattern is used to decorate tablecloths, napkins, plates, windows and other frames. A ribbon pattern is a pattern whose decorative elements create a rhythmic row with an open two-way movement that fits into the ribbon. Ribbon patterns are widely used to decorate clothing in the form of an embroidered collar, sleeve edge, belt, or headband. A mesh ornament is a pattern in the form of cells that are filled with decorative elements. Woven items were decorated with this pattern. Teacher: What colors predominated in folk ornaments and what is their meaning? Student answers: The predominant colors in embroidery were white, red, black, yellow, and brown. Sometimes soft blue and natural green. In popular belief, white color was associated with light, purity and personified the feminine principle. Red was the color of the sun, fire, life, beauty and personified masculinity. _And now we will watch an interesting video. In it you will see paintings by great artists who depicted the beauty of folk costume. Video film “Woman in folk costume.” 4. Practical work. Now, let's move on to practical work. The goal of which is to create a Russian festive costume.
Now you will try to depict a Russian festive costume, do the work in color, not forgetting about the main colors and embroidery motifs. Stages of work: choose a costume option; build the overall shape of the suit; mark the places of decorations and ornaments; determine the flavor (color) of the suit; do the work in color. So guys, let's get to work. 5. Consolidation of knowledge. Game “Chamomile” to recognize your favorite element of the costume. The assistant holds a flower in the shape of a daisy with detachable petals on which the names of the elements of Russian folk costume are written. Students who are interested take turns tearing off the petals and answering the question. 6. Reflection 1.What was the most interesting thing in the lesson? 2. Continue the phrase: “The most difficult thing in the lesson was when...”. Thanks for the work. Lesson grades. 7. Home building: Finish the work in color.