The meaning of Bunin's creativity. Role of I.A

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is a poet and prose writer, a classic of Russian literature, a wonderful master of figurative words.

Bunin was born in 1870 in Voronezh. He spent his childhood on the estate of his father Butyrka in the Oryol province in central Russia, where Lermontov, Turgenev, Leskov, and Leo Tolstoy were born or worked. Bunin recognized himself as the literary heir of his great countrymen.

He was proud of the fact that he came from an old noble family, which gave Russia many prominent figures both in the field of public service and in the field of art. Among his ancestors is V. A. Zhukovsky, a famous poet, friend of A. S. Pushkin.

The world of his childhood was limited to his family, estate, and village. He recalled: “Here, in the deepest silence, in the summer among the grain that approached the very thresholds, and in the winter among the snowdrifts, my childhood passed, full of poetry, sad and peculiar.”

He leaves his home for a short time, entering the gymnasium of the district town of Yelets, where he studied for less than four years. Bunin would later write: “I grew up alone... without peers, in my youth I didn’t have them either, and I couldn’t have them: going through the usual paths of youth - gymnasium, university - was not given to me. I didn’t study anywhere, didn’t know any environment ".

His brother Julius, thirteen years older than him and the only one in the family to graduate from university, had a huge impact on him. He served exile on his native estate for participating in revolutionary circles. “Less than a year had passed,” Yuliy recalled, “he (Ivan) had grown so mentally that I could have conversations with him almost as an equal on many topics.”

From early childhood, the future poet was distinguished by phenomenal powers of observation, memory, and impressionability. Bunin himself wrote about himself: “My vision was such that I saw all seven stars in the Pleiades, with my hearing a mile away I heard the whistle of a marmot in the evening field, I got drunk, smelling the smell of lily of the valley or an old book.”

From infancy he heard poetry from his mother’s lips. Portraits of Zhukovsky and Pushkin in the house were considered family ones.

Bunin wrote his first poem at the age of eight. At the age of sixteen his first publication appeared in print, and at 18, having left the impoverished estate, in the words of his mother, “with one cross on his chest,” he began to earn his living through literary work.

At 19, he gave the impression of a mature man; at 20, he became the author of the first book published in Orel. The poems in the collection were in many ways, however, still imperfect; they did not bring recognition or fame to the young poet. But here one topic of interest has emerged - the topic of nature. Bunin will remain faithful to her in subsequent years, although philosophical and love lyrics will begin to enter more and more organically into his poetry.

Bunin develops his own style in line with strong classical traditions. He becomes a recognized poet, having achieved mastery primarily in landscape lyricism, because his poetry has a solid basis - “the estate, field and forest flora of the Oryol region,” native to the poet of the Central Russian strip. This region, according to the famous Soviet poet A. Tvardovsky, “was perceived and absorbed by Bunin, and this smell of impressions of childhood and youth remains with the artist for the rest of his life.”

Simultaneously with poetry, Bunin also wrote stories. He knew and loved the Russian village. He developed respect for peasant labor from childhood and even imbibed “an extremely tempting desire to be a man.” It is natural that the village theme becomes common in his early prose. Before his eyes, Russian peasants and small nobles are becoming poor, the village is going bankrupt, and dying out. As his wife, V.N. Muromtseva-Bunina, later noted, his own poverty brought him benefit - it helped him deeply understand the nature of the Russian peasant.

And in prose, Bunin continued the traditions of Russian classics. His prose contains realistic images, types of people taken from life. He does not strive for external entertainment or event-driven plots. His stories contain lyrically colored pictures, everyday sketches, and musical intonations. It is clearly felt that this is the prose of a poet. In 1912, Bunin in an interview with Moskovskaya Gazeta said that he did not recognize “the division of fiction into poetry and prose.”

Bunin traveled a lot in his life. He made his first trip to Russia, Ukraine, and Crimea after working for the Orlovsky Vestnik newspaper, in his early youth. Then he will change many professions: he will work as a proofreader, statistician, librarian, and even a salesman in a bookstore. Numerous meetings, acquaintances, observations enrich him with new impressions. The young prose writer quickly expands the themes of his stories. His heroes are varied: they are a teacher, and vulgar summer residents, and a Tolstoyan (a follower of Tolstoy’s teachings), and simply men and women experiencing a wonderful feeling of love.

The popularity of Bunin's prose began in 1900, after the publication of the story "Antonov Apples", created on the material closest to the writer from village life. The reader seems to perceive with all his senses early autumn, the time of collecting Antonov apples. The smell of Antonovka and other signs of rural life familiar to the author since childhood mean the triumph of life, joy, and beauty. The disappearance of this smell from the noble estates dear to his heart symbolizes their inevitable ruin and extinction. The lyricist Bunin, with great feeling and skill, was able to express his regret and sadness over the decline of the nobility. According to M. Gorky, “here Bunin, like a young god, sang, beautifully, richly, soulfully.”

In pre-revolutionary criticism, Bunin was assigned the characteristic of “the singer of impoverishment and desolation of noble nests,” of estate sadness, of autumn withering. True, his “sad elegies” are considered belated by his contemporaries, since Bunin was born almost 10 years after the abolition of serfdom in 1861, and A. Goncharov, I. Turgenev and many others expressed their attitude to the destruction of the world of the landowner’s estate much earlier. Without witnessing cruel serf relations, Bunin idealizes the past and strives to show the unity of the landowner and the peasant, their involvement in their native land, the national way of life, and traditions. As an objective and truthful artist, Bunin reflected the processes that were taking place in his contemporary life - on the eve of the first Russian revolution of 1905 - 1907. In this sense, the stories “Bonanza” and “Dreams” with their anti-landowner orientation deserve attention. They were published in M. Gorky's collection "Knowledge" and were highly praised by Chekhov.

The most significant work of the pre-October period of Bunin’s work was the story “The Village” (19910). It reflects the life of peasants, the fate of village people during the years of the first Russian revolution. The story was written during the closest relationship between Bunin and Gorky. The author himself explained that here he sought to paint, “besides the life of the village, and a picture of all Russian life in general.”

There has never been such a heated debate about any other Bunin work as about “The Village.” Advanced criticism supported the writer, seeing the value and significance of the work “in the truthful depiction of the life of a falling, impoverished village, in the revealing pathos of its ugly sides.” At the same time, it should be noted that Bunin was unable to comprehend the events taking place from the perspective of the advanced ideas of his time.

The story shocked Gorky, who heard in it “a hidden, muffled groan about his native land, a painful fear for it.” In his opinion, Bunin forced “the broken and shattered Russian society to think seriously about the strict question of whether Russia should be or not.”

In general, occupying a significant place in Bunin’s work, works of rural themes have stood the test of time.

In the 10s, Bunin's creativity reached its peak. According to Gorky, “he began to write prose in such a way that if they say about him: this is the best stylist of our time, there will be no exaggeration.” Working a lot, Bunin was not at all inclined to a sedentary office life. One after another, he travels around Russia and goes on trips abroad. According to the famous Soviet writer V. Kataev, Bunin was easy-going and dreamed of spending his whole life traveling around the globe lightly, with one or two suitcases, which would contain the most necessary things - notebooks and paper, first of all.

Traveling through different countries and continents, Bunin comes into contact with the beauty of the world, the wisdom of centuries, and the culture of mankind. He is occupied by philosophical, religious, moral, historical issues. The writer reflects on the universal human soul, which, in his opinion, every artist, regardless of nationality, should have. Now not only Russian, but also foreign impressions serve as an impetus for his work, and on their material he creates many works of different themes and ideas. Among them is the story “The Gentleman from San Francisco” (1915), included in the anthologies of world literature, as well as “Brothers”, “Dreams of Chang”, etc.

Bunin’s attitude towards bourgeois civilization can be judged by his statement: “I always looked with true fear at any well-being, the acquisition and possession of which consumed a person, and the excess and ordinary baseness of this well-being aroused hatred in me.”

In 1914, world war broke out. The writer perfectly understood all its horror, senselessness and unpopularity among the people. One of his contemporaries cites his statement from those years: “The people don’t want to fight, they’re tired of the war, they don’t understand why we’re fighting.”

Bunin is outraged by the jingoistic statements of defense writers who advocated continuing the war to a victorious end. It is no coincidence that the following poems of his appeared in 1915:

The tombs, mummies and bones are silent - Only the word is given life: From the ancient darkness in the world graveyard Only writings sound. And we have no other property! Know how to protect, at least to the best of your ability, in days of anger and suffering, Our immortal gift - speech. An unfavorable situation was developing in Russia, including the literary situation that did not satisfy the writer. This predetermined the crisis in Bunin’s work by the end of 1916. At this time, he gives preference to poetry. His poetry refers to the past, permeated with the sadness of memories. As for prose, for the most part he keeps diary entries, on the basis of which he creates the stories “The Last Spring”, “The Last Autumn”, “Battle”. They are few in number, politically topical, and anti-war in nature.

On the eve of the October Revolution, both his worldview and the humanistic orientation of his creativity characterize Bunin, it would seem, as a progressive-minded person. But he believed that only the nobility, with its high culture, was capable of ruling Russia. He did not believe in the intelligence and creativity of the masses (the story “The Village” clearly demonstrated this). Frightened, not understanding the meaning of the October Revolution and not recognizing the state of workers and peasants Soviet Russia that arose as a result of its victory, Bunin doomed himself to voluntary exile.

The first year of emigration was, as one critic put it, “dumb” for Bunin. He reads L. Tolstoy, whom he loved all his life, and makes diary entries, realizing that he has lost everything - “people, homeland, loved ones.” “Oh, how endlessly painful and pity that happiness is,” the words burst out with a cry from the heart when remembering the past. But at the same time, blinded by hostility towards Soviet Russia, Bunin attacks everything connected with it.

The return to genuine creativity is slow. The stories of the first years of emigration are very diverse in their themes and mood, but pessimistic notes predominate in them. The story “The End” is especially stunning, where the picture of the writer’s flight from Odessa abroad on an old French boat “Patras” is realistically conveyed.

Living in his homeland, Bunin believed that he was not obliged to write all his life on Russian topics and only about Russia. In emigration, he gets an unlimited opportunity to study and take material from another life. But non-Russian themes occupy an insignificant place in the post-October period of Bunin’s work. What's the matter? According to A. Tvardovsky, Bunin, like no one else, “owes his priceless gift” to Russia, his native Oryol region, and its nature. While still very young, in an article about a poet from the people, his fellow countryman Nikitin, Bunin wrote about Russian poets - these are “people who are strongly connected with their country, with their land, who receive power and strength from it.”

These words can most directly be attributed to Bunin himself. The writer’s connection with his homeland was natural and organic, like air for a person who does not notice that he is breathing. He, like Antaeus, felt powerful and felt her closeness even when he went to distant lands, knowing that he would certainly return to his homeland. And he returned and almost every year visited his native places and village, where he was always drawn with an irresistible force.

But, finding himself an exile, he suffered cruelly like no one else far from his homeland, constantly feeling the depth of his loss. And, realizing that he could not exist without Russia either as a person or as a writer, that his homeland was inseparable from him, Bunin found his own way of communication, returning to it with love.

The writer turns to the past and creates it in a transformed form. How great the writer’s desire for his compatriots is, how deep his love for Russia is, is evidenced by his story “Mowers,” which talks about Ryazan peasants, their inspired work, touching the soul with singing during haymaking on Oryol land. “The beauty was that we were all children of our homeland and were all together... And there was also (a beauty we were no longer conscious of then) that this homeland, this common home of ours, was Russia and that only her soul could sing as the mowers sang in this birch forest responding to every breath.”

Full of poetry and love for the motherland, the story ends with the motive of the death of Russia.

In the first years of emigration, the writer resurrects in his work not only the beautiful aspects of Russian life. Bunin, as in the pre-October period of his creativity (the story "Sukhodol"), is merciless towards representatives of the degenerating nobility.

Even in the pre-revolutionary period of creativity, touching on the closest topic of the village, Bunin experienced, as literary scholars define it, a complex feeling of “love-hate.” It was caused by the imperfections of life in the difficult post-reform period.

In “The Life of Arsenyev,” the most remarkable work created in emigration, the feeling of love prevails. This novel is defined as an artistic biography of a creative personality. Bunin explained that any work is autobiographical insofar as the author puts himself into it.

The writer gives the main character of the book, Alexei Arsenyev, his own characteristics of an artist, creator, and poet. Alexey Arsenyev is endowed with a heightened sense of life, which is why he also has a heightened sense of death; it is natural for him to think about the unsolved mystery of the beginning and end of existence, about the meaning of being, and, of course, about his own purpose in life.

These questions always worried Bunin, like any great artist, and he could not help but write about it in his book dedicated to the life of a creative personality.

According to researchers, “The Life of Arsenyev” combines everything written previously. The themes and moods of previous works are somehow reflected in this novel.

The theme of love occupies a large place in the emigrant period of Bunin’s work. Note that the writer first turned to it back in the 90s, and in the 1900s he created now famous works such as “In Autumn”, “Little Romance”, “Dawn for the Whole Night”, “Mitya’s Love”, “Sunny blow", "Ida" and many others. In the late 30s and 40s this topic became the main one. During this period, 38 stories were created that made up the book “Dark Alleys,” which is called the encyclopedia of love.

If we compare the latest book with what was written earlier, for example, in the 900s, then one cannot help but notice that the writer spoke about love differently, in a different way, deeply revealing its intimate details.

Being a deep and passionate nature, Bunin himself experienced several dramatic upheavals. And if earlier he did not dare to talk about some aspects of love, then during the emigrant period he makes the secret and intimate the property of literature. But we must keep in mind: Bunin denied rumors that he was describing his own love stories from memory. All of them, according to the writer, were created by his imagination. And such is the level of Bunin’s skill that the reader perceives literary characters as real persons.

Created by the artist’s imagination, the characters are completely absorbed in love. For them, this feeling is the most important thing in life. We do not find details of their profession or social status, but their spirituality, strength and sincerity of feelings are amazing. This creates an atmosphere of exclusivity, beauty and romance. And it doesn’t matter at all whether the hero himself, anticipating love, seeks and finds it, or whether it was born suddenly, striking like sunstroke. The main thing is that this feeling stuns the human soul. And what is especially noteworthy is that in Bunin, the sensual and the ideal constitute that fusion, harmony that is characteristic of a normal, and not a disadvantaged, manifestation of true feeling.

Love, like a dazzling flash, illuminates the souls of lovers; it is the highest tension of spiritual and physical strength and therefore cannot last forever. Often its ending leads to the death of one of the heroes, but if life continues, until the end of days it is illuminated with a great feeling.

In form, the stories in the collection “Dark Alleys” are the most plot-driven of all created by the writer. Bunin himself loved this book very much. “I consider “Dark Alleys” to be perhaps my best book in terms of conciseness, liveliness and overall literary skill,” he wrote.

Bunin spent 33 years, about half of his creative life, until his death in 1953, in France, living and working away from his beloved Russia. During the Second World War, remaining on Nazi-occupied French soil, he rejected all their offers of cooperation, followed with excitement the events on the Eastern Front and rejoiced at the victories of the Soviet people.

With his thoughts and soul he longed for Russia, as evidenced by a letter to his old friend Teleshov, where Bunin admitted: “I really want to go home.” The last years of the old writer’s life were overshadowed by a particularly acute need: there was constantly a lack of money for treatment, an apartment, payment of taxes, and debts. But the tireless worker and devotee of the craft of writing experienced particular melancholy and hopelessness at the thought that his books, no one needed, would gather dust on bookshelves. He had reason to doubt, because during his lifetime the writer did not experience great fame, although he was not overlooked by high honors (awarded the title of academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in 1909, awarded the Nobel Prize in 1933). However, his works were published abroad infrequently, only in hundreds of copies, and were known to the narrowest circle of readers.

But Bunin’s fears about oblivion were in vain. Nowadays in the USSR, Bunin's books are published in huge editions, up to millions, his work has received recognition from the widest readership. (...) Bunin’s work returned to the writer’s homeland, because its subject, in the words of the author himself, is “the eternal, forever the same love of man and woman, child and mother, the eternal sorrows and joys of man, the mystery of his birth, existence and death ".

N. F. Kargina

Bunin's work is characterized by an interest in ordinary life, the ability to reveal the tragedy of life, and the richness of the narrative with details. Bunin is considered to be the successor of Chekhov's realism. Bunin's realism differs from Chekhov's in its extreme sensitivity. Like Chekhov, Bunin addresses eternal themes. For Bunin, nature is important, however, in his opinion, the highest judge of a person is human memory. It is memory that protects Bunin’s heroes from inexorable time, from death. Bunin's prose is considered a synthesis of prose and poetry. It has an unusually strong confessional beginning (“Antonov Apples”). Often in Bunin, lyrics replace the plot basis, and a portrait story appears (“Lyrnik Rodion”).

Among Bunin's works there are stories in which the epic, romantic principle is expanded and the whole life of the hero falls into the writer's field of vision ("The Cup of Life"). Bunin is a fatalist, irrationalist; his works are characterized by the pathos of tragedy and skepticism. Bunin's work echoes the modernists' concept of the tragedy of human passion. Like the Symbolists, Bunin’s appeal to the eternal themes of love, death and nature comes to the fore. The cosmic flavor of the writer’s works, the permeation of his images with the voices of the Universe, brings his work closer to Buddhist ideas.

Bunin's works synthesize all these concepts. Bunin's concept of love is tragic. Moments of love, according to Bunin, become the pinnacle of a person’s life. Only by loving can a person truly feel another person, only feeling justifies high demands on himself and his neighbor, only a lover is able to overcome his selfishness. The state of love is not fruitless for Bunin’s heroes; it elevates souls. One example of an unusual interpretation of the theme of love is the story “Dreams of Chang” (1916). The story is written in the form of a dog's memories. The dog feels the inner devastation of the captain, his master. The image of “distant hard-working people” (Germans) appears in the story. Based on a comparison with their way of life, the writer talks about possible ways of human happiness:

1. Labor to live and reproduce without experiencing the fullness of life;

2. Endless love, which is hardly worth devoting yourself to, because... there is always the possibility of betrayal;

3. The path of eternal thirst, search, in which, however, according to Bunin, there is also no happiness.

The plot of the story seems to oppose the mood of the hero. Through real facts, a dog’s faithful memory breaks through, when there was peace in the soul, when the captain and the dog were happy. Moments of happiness are highlighted. Chang carries the idea of ​​loyalty and gratitude.

This, according to the writer, is the meaning of life that a person is looking for. In Bunin's lyrical hero, the fear of death is strong, but in the face of death, many feel inner spiritual enlightenment, come to terms with the end, and do not want to disturb their loved ones with their death ("Cricket", "Thin Grass").

Bunin is characterized by a special way of depicting the phenomena of the world and the spiritual experiences of man by contrasting them with each other. Thus, in the story “Antonov Apples,” admiration for the generosity and perfection of nature coexists with sadness over the dying of noble estates. A number of Bunin’s works are dedicated to a ruined village, ruled by hunger and death. The writer looks for an ideal in the patriarchal past with its old-world prosperity. The desolation and degeneration of noble nests, the moral and spiritual impoverishment of their owners evoke in Bunin a feeling of sadness and regret about the lost harmony of the patriarchal world, about the disappearance of entire classes (“Antonov Apples”). In many stories from 1890-1900. images of “new” people appear, the stories are imbued with a premonition of imminent alarming changes. In the early 1900s. The lyrical style of Bunin's early prose is changing.

The story "The Village" (1911) reflects the writer's dramatic thoughts about Russia, about its future, about the fate of the people, about the Russian character. Bunin reveals a pessimistic view of the prospects for people's life. The story "Sukhodol" raises the theme of the doom of the noble estate world, becoming a chronicle of the slow tragic dying of the Russian nobility (using the example of the pillar nobles of the Khrushchevs). Both the love and hatred of the heroes of “Sukhodol” underlie the sadness of decay, inferiority, and the laws of the end. The death of old Khrushchev, killed by his illegitimate son, and the tragic death of Pyotr Petrovich were predetermined by fate itself. There is no limit to the inertia of Sukhodolsk life; women living out their lives live only with memories of the past. The final picture of the church cemetery, the “lost” graves, symbolizes the loss of an entire class. indicating the topic right now to find out about the possibility of obtaining a consultation.

1. Childhood and youth. First publications.
2. Family life and creativity of Bunin.
3. Emigrant period. Nobel Prize.
4. The significance of Bunin’s work in literature.

Can we forget our Motherland?

Can a person forget his homeland?

She is in the soul. I am a very Russian person.

This does not disappear over the years.
I. A. Bunin

I. A. Bunin was born in Voronezh on October 10, 1870. Bunin's father Alexei Nikolaevich, a landowner in the Oryol and Tula provinces, a participant in the Crimean War, went bankrupt because of his love for cards. The impoverished nobles Bunins had ancestors such as the poetess A.P. Bunina and V.A. Zhukovsky’s own father, A.I. Bunin. At the age of three, the boy was transported to an estate on the Butyrki farm in the Yeletsky district of the Oryol province; the memories of his childhood are closely connected with him.

From 1881 to 1886, Bunin studied at the Yeletsk gymnasium, from where he was expelled for failing to show up during the holidays. He did not finish high school, receiving home education under the guidance of his brother Julius. Already at the age of seven he wrote poetry, imitating Pushkin and Lermontov. In 1887, the Rodina newspaper first published his poem “Over the Grave of Nadson” and began publishing his critical articles. His older brother Julius became his best friend, mentor in study and life.

In 1889, Bunin moved to his brother in Kharkov, who was associated with the populist movement. Having become carried away by this movement, Ivan soon leaves the populists and returns to Oryol. He does not share Julius' radical views. Works at Orlovsky Vestnik, lives in a civil marriage with V.V. Pashchenko. Bunin's first book of poems appeared in 1891. These were poems filled with passion for Pashchenko - Bunin was experiencing his unhappy love. At first, Varvara’s father forbade them to marry, then Bunin had to recognize many disappointments in family life and become convinced of the complete dissimilarity of their characters. Soon he settled in Poltava with Yuli, and in 1894 he broke up with Pashchenko. The period of creative maturity of the writer begins. Bunin's stories are published in leading magazines. He corresponds with A.P. Chekhov, is carried away by the moral and religious preaching of L.N. Tolstoy and even meets with the writer, trying to live according to his advice.

In 1896, a translation of “The Song of Hiawatha” by G. W. Longfellow was published, which received high praise from his contemporaries (Bunin received the Pushkin Prize of the first degree for it). Especially for this work, he independently studied English.

In 1898, Bunin remarried the Greek woman A. N. Tsakni, the daughter of an emigrant revolutionary. A year later they divorced (Bunin’s wife left him, causing him suffering). Their only son died at age five from scarlet fever. His creative life is much richer than his family life - Bunin translates Tennyson’s poem “Lady Godiva” and “Manfred” by Byron, Alfred de Musset and Francois Coppet. At the beginning of the 20th century, the most famous stories were published - “Antonov Apples”, “Pines”, the prose poem “Village”, the story “Sukhodol”. Thanks to the story “Antonov Apples,” Bunin became widely known. It so happened that for the topic of ruining noble nests, which was close to Bunin, he was subjected to a critical review by M. Gorky: “Antonov apples smell good, but they do not smell democratic at all.” Bunin was alien to his commoner contemporaries, who perceived his story as a poeticization of serfdom. In fact, the writer poeticized his attitude towards the fading past, towards nature, and his native land.

In 1909, Bunin became an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. A lot has also changed in his personal life - he met V.N. Muromtseva at the age of thirty-seven, finally creating a happy family. The Bunins travel through Syria, Egypt, and Palestine; based on their travel impressions, Bunin writes the book “Shadow of the Bird.” Then - a trip to Europe, again to Egypt and Ceylon. Bunin reflects on the teachings of Buddha, which is close to him, but with many of whose postulates he does not agree. The collections “Sukhodol: Tales and Stories 1911 - 1912”, “John the Rydalec: Stories and Poems 1912-1913”, “The Gentleman from San Francisco: Works 1915-1916”, a six-volume collected works were published.

The First World War was for the writer the beginning of the collapse of Russia. He expected a disaster from the Bolshevik victory. He did not accept the October Revolution; all thoughts about the coup are reflected by the writer in his diary “Cursed Days” (he is depressed by what is happening). Unable to imagine their existence in Bolshevik Russia, the Bunins left Moscow for Odessa, and then emigrated to France - first to Paris, and then to Grasse. The unsociable Bunin had almost no contact with Russian emigrants, but this did not hinder his creative inspiration - ten books of prose were the fruitful result of his work in exile. They included: “Rose of Jericho”, “Sunstroke”, “Mitya’s Love” and other works. Like many books by emigrants, they were imbued with homesickness. Bunin’s books contain nostalgia for pre-revolutionary Russia, a different world that remains forever in the past. Bunin also headed the Union of Russian Writers and Journalists in Paris and ran his own column in the newspaper Vozrozhdenie.

While emigrating, Bunin was overtaken by an unexpected feeling - he met his last love, G.N. Kuznetsova. She lived with the Bunin couple in Grasse for many years, helping Ivan Alekseevich as a secretary. Vera Nikolaevna had to put up with this; she considered Kuznetsova to be something like an adopted daughter. Both women valued Bunin and agreed to live voluntarily under such conditions. Also, the young writer L. F. Zurov lived with his family for about twenty years. Bunin had to support four.

In 1927, work began on the novel “The Life of Arsenyev,” Kuznetsova helped Ivan Alekseevich in rewriting. After seven years of living in Grasse, she left. The novel was completed in 1933. This is a fictional autobiography with many real and fictional characters. Memory, which travels the length of the hero’s life, is the main theme of the novel. “Stream of consciousness” is a feature of this novel that makes the author similar to M. J. Proust.

In 1933, Bunin was awarded the Nobel Prize “for the rigorous skill with which he developed the traditions of Russian classical prose” and “for the truthful artistic talent with which he recreated the typically Russian character in artistic prose.” This was the first prize for a Russian writer, especially an exiled writer. The emigration considered Bunin's success to be theirs; the writer allocated 100 thousand francs in favor of Russian emigrant writers. But many were unhappy that they were given no more. Few people thought about the fact that Bunin himself lived in unbearable conditions, and when the telegram about the bonus arrived, he didn’t even have a tip for the postman, and the bonus he received was only enough for two years. At the request of readers, Bunin published an eleven-volume collected works in 1934-1936.

In Bunin's prose, a special place was occupied by the theme of love - an unexpected element of “sunstroke” that cannot be withstood. In 1943, a collection of love stories, “Dark Alleys,” was published. This is the pinnacle of the writer's creativity.

I. A. Bunin was born on October 22, 1870 in Voronezh. His childhood was spent on a family estate located in the Oryol province.

At the age of 11, Bunin began studying at the Yeletsk gymnasium. In his fourth year of study, due to an illness, he was forced to leave his studies and go to live in the village. After recovery, Ivan Bunin continued his studies with his older brother; both were very interested in literature. At the age of 19, Bunin is forced to leave the estate and provide for himself. He changes several positions, working as an extra, proofreader, librarian, and has to move often. Since 1891, he begins to publish poems and stories.

Having received approval from L. Tolstoy and A. Chekhov, Bunin focuses his activities on the literary sphere. As a writer, Bunin received the Pushkin Prize and also became an honorary member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Bunin's story "The Village" brought him great fame in literary circles.

He perceived the October Revolution negatively, and therefore he left Russia, emigrating to France. In Paris he writes many works concerning Russian nature.

I. A. Bunin dies in 1953, having survived the Second World War.

Brief biography of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin, 4th grade

Childhood

Bunin Ivan Alekseevich was born on October 10 or 22, 1870 in the city of Voronezh. A little later, he and his parents moved to an estate in the Oryol province.

He spends his childhood on the estate, in the middle of nature.

Having not graduated from the gymnasium in the city of Yelets (1886), Bunin received his subsequent education from his brother Yuli, who graduated from the university with excellent marks.

Creative activity

Ivan Alekseevich's first works were published in 1888, and the first collection of his poems with the same title was published in 1889. Thanks to this collection, fame comes to Bunin. Soon, in 1898, his poems were published in the “Open Air” collection, and later, in 1901, in the “Leaf Fall” collection.

Later, Bunin was awarded the title of academician at the Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg (1909), after which he left Russia, being an opponent of the revolution.

Life abroad and death

Abroad, Bunin does not abandon his creative activity and writes works that will be doomed to success in the future. It was then that he wrote one of the most famous works, “The Life of Arsenyev.” For him the writer receives the Nobel Prize.

Bunin's last work, the literary image of Chekhov, was never completed.

Ivan Bunin died in the capital of France - in the city of Paris and was buried there.

4th grade for children, 11th grade

Life and work of Ivan Bunin

1870 is a landmark year for Russia. On October 10 (October 22), a brilliant poet and writer who won world fame, I.A. Bunin, was born into a Voronezh family of nobles. From the age of three, the Oryol province became home for the future writer. Ivan spends his childhood in his family; at the age of 8 he begins to try himself in the literary field. Due to illness, he was unable to complete his studies at the Yeletsk gymnasium. He improved his health in the village of Ozerki. Unlike his younger brother, another member of the Bunin family, Yuli, is studying at the university. But after spending a year in prison, he was also sent to the village of Ozerki, where he became Ivan’s teacher, teaching him many sciences. The brothers were especially fond of literature. The debut in the newspaper took place in 1887. Two years later, due to the need to earn money, Ivan Bunin leaves his home. Modest positions as a newspaper employee, extra, librarian, and proofreader brought in a small income for subsistence. He often had to change his place of residence - Orel, Moscow, Kharkov, Poltava were his temporary homeland.

Thoughts about his native Oryol region did not leave the writer. His impressions were reflected in his first collection entitled “Poems,” which was published in 1891. Bunin was particularly impressed by his meeting with the famous writer Leo Tolstoy 3 years after the release of “Poems”. He remembered the next year as the year he met A. Chekhov; before that, Bunin had only corresponded with him. Bunin's story “To the End of the World” (1895) was well received by critics. After which he decides to devote himself to this art. The subsequent years of Ivan Bunin's life are completely connected with literature. Thanks to his collections “Under the Open Air” and “Leaf Fall”, in 1903 the writer became the winner of the Pushkin Prize (this prize was awarded to him twice). The marriage to Anna Tsakni, which took place in 1898, did not last long; their only 5-year-old child dies. Afterwards he lives with V. Muromtseva.

In the period from 1900 to 1904, well-known stories beloved by many were published: “Chernozem”, “Antonov Apples”, no less significant “Pines” and “New Road”. These works made an indelible impression on Maxim Gorky, who highly appreciated the writer’s work, calling him the best stylist of our time. Readers especially loved the story “The Village”.

In 1909, the Russian Academy of Sciences acquired a new honorary member. Ivan Alekseevich rightfully became it. Bunin was unable to accept the October Revolution and spoke harshly and negatively about Bolshevism. Historical events in his homeland force him to leave his country. His path lay to France. Crossing Crimea and Constantinople, the writer decides to stop in Paris. In a foreign land, all his thoughts are about his homeland, Russian people, natural beauty. Active literary activity resulted in significant works: “Lapti”, “Mitya’s Love”, “Mowers”, “Distant”, the short story “Dark Alleys”, in the novel “The Life of Arsenyev”, written in 1930, he tells about his childhood and youth. These works were called the best in Bunin's work.

Three years later, another significant event occurred in his life - Ivan Bunin was awarded an honorary Nobel Prize. Famous books about Leo Tolstoy and Anton Chekhov were written abroad. One of his last books, Memoirs, appeared in France. Ivan Bunin experienced historical events in Paris - the attack of the fascist army, and saw their defeat. His active work made him one of the most important figures of the Russian Abroad. The date of death of the famous writer is November 8, 1953.

Biography by dates and interesting facts. The most important.

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In this material we will look briefly at the biography of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin: only the most important things from the life of the famous Russian writer and poet.

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin(1870-1953) - famous Russian writer and poet, one of the main writers of the Russian diaspora, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature.

On October 10 (22), 1870, a boy was born into the noble, but at the same time poor family of the Bunins, who was named Ivan. Almost immediately after birth, the family moved to an estate in the Oryol province, where Ivan spent his childhood.

Ivan received the basics of education at home. In 1881, young Bunin entered the nearest gymnasium, Yeletskaya, but was unable to graduate and in 1886 returned to the estate. His brother Julius helped Ivan with his education, he studied excellently and graduated from the university as one of the best in his class.

After returning from high school, Ivan Bunin became intensely interested in literature, and his first poems were published already in 1888. A year later, Ivan moved to Oryol and got a job as a proofreader in a newspaper. Soon the first book was published with the simple title “Poems”, in which, in fact, the poems of Ivan Bunin were collected. Thanks to this collection, Ivan gained fame, and his works were published in the collections “Under the Open Air” and “Leaf Fall.”

Ivan Bunin was not only interested in poetry - he also wrote prose. For example, the stories “Antonov Apples”, “Pines”. And this is all for good reason, because Ivan was personally acquainted with Gorky (Peshkov), Chekhov, Tolstoy and other famous writers of that time. Ivan Bunin's prose was published in the collections "Complete Works" in 1915.

In 1909, Bunin became an honorary academician of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.

Ivan was quite critical of the idea of ​​revolution and left Russia. His entire subsequent life consisted of traveling - not only to different countries, but also to continents. However, this did not stop Bunin from doing what he loved. On the contrary, he wrote his best works: “Mitya’s Love”, “Sunstroke”, as well as the best novel “The Life of Arsenyev”, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1933.

Before his death, Bunin was working on a literary portrait of Chekhov, but was often ill and was unable to complete it. Ivan Alekseevich Bunin died on November 8, 1953 and was buried in Paris.