Quotes from Amara Khayyam. Omar Khayyam - quotes, aphorisms and wise sayings
Rubai. Poetry. Quotes. Aphorisms.
A collection of the best rubai and poems of the great Persian sage Omar Khayyam. Quotes, aphorisms, sayings. Video “Wisdom of Life” 1 – 9, text read by E. Mataev and S. Chonishvili.
Dirt is dust with water. And this is my flesh!
I am floundering, drowning in the temptations of the flesh.
If only I could have sculpted myself more skillfully,
But it came out like this on the Genesis ingot.
Omar Khayyam- Iranian scientist, poet and sage born in Nishapur around 1048. Absolute name - Giyasaddin Abul-Fath Omar ibn Ibrahim.
He received the nickname Khayyam “Tentmaker” in connection with his father’s specialty. During his time and until relatively recent times, Khayyam was famous mainly as a legendary mathematician, physicist and astronomer. The algebra that Khayyam wrote was translated into French by F. Wepke in 1851. Rubaiyat and quatrains translated by E. Fitzgerald in 1859, first published as rubaiyat, and later translated into French by Nikol Duman in 1867. brought Omar Khayyam the fame of a great poet, philosopher and singer. The works of many scientists, based on rich original material, confirm the historical discoveries of Omar Khayyam as a torch, who did a lot for such sciences as astronomy, mathematics and physics. For example, Khayyam’s mathematical research is of invaluable importance even today and has been translated into many languages.
The works of Omar Khayyam were studied some time later by the world mathematician Nasreddin Tusi and in his works reached the scientists of Europe.
Khayyam's poetry is an extraordinary phenomenon in the annals of culture around the world.
If his creations provided enormous benefits in the evolution of science, then magnificent rubai still conquer the hearts of readers with their maximum capacity, conciseness and simplicity of expressive means.
Scientists judge the work of Omar Khayyam differently. Some believe that the lyro-epic creation was for him only entertainment, into which he immersed himself at his leisure. And despite this, Khayyam’s songs and poems, without knowing any time boundaries, survived centuries and reached the present day.
With all his being, Khayyam wanted to transform the world and did everything he could for this: he studied the laws of the universe, fixed his gaze on the starry heavens, delved into the secrets of human essence and helped people get rid of internal slavery. This sage knew that the greatest evil for people is the religious illusion, that religions fetter the human spirit and the power of their mind. Khayyam understood and was aware that when people are freed from these shackles, they will be able to live independently and happily.
There are many difficult and incompatible tasks in the works of Omar Khayyam.
The scientist, who in science was able to significantly advance ahead of his time, could not in any way understand the laws of mankind. As a result, this noble old man, who saw many hardships in life, which over and over again destroyed his lofty dreams, who endured an enormous number of tragic circumstances, in a number of his poems gives place to fatalism, warns of the inevitability of fate and even plunges into doom.
Despite this, in Khayyam’s songs, in which a pessimistic motive can be seen, the subtext shows an ardent love for real life and a protest against its injustice.
Khayyam's poetry is another confirmation that the spiritual development of man will never stop.
The literary heritage of Omar Khayyam was intended and will serve people, being a colorful milestone in the history and culture of all peoples of the world.
Wisdom of life – 1
Video
Tell the singer to whistle instead of sing.
What's strange? Look at this sober rabble.
Take the same brainless brute:
You whistle to her, then the beast drinks.
Lyrics: Wisdom of Life 1
Rivers are known to have their own sources
And life teaches us priceless lessons,
To live beautifully wisely and richly
Lock your vices deep in the basement.
There is no need to lecture if you are weak in discipline,
After all, discipline life is difficult even today
Other values are in fashion today, but
Keep the traditions that your ancestors gave.
When there are roots and a strong foundation
We are not afraid of tsunamis, wars, gossip,
How a line of soldiers will close us with a wall
From thunderstorms and arrows released by fate.
Live to live, not to exist!
Learn what is important to know at any time:
To love your parents with unearthly love,
So that in old age you will not fall without honor because of a sin.
I praise those who believe in the creator.
Not for show, but sincerely from the face
We are told not to drink water and yet,
I wish everyone a happy ending.
Life is fleeting, alas, the script is written for everyone,
We only pray to God for a happy ending.
There will be a mark on the scales,
What he did good, and what he stole where.
I'm not a teacher, I'm a student
And I have not yet penetrated the secrets of the universe.
I would like to know what is the meaning of existence,
In wine, in high, wisdom and whether I am a sinner.
I wish you happiness, my brothers,
So that rainy days do not come to your house,
Let children be born in everyone's home,
May God give you a happy lot.
Create, dare and win
And don’t forget to thank the creator every day.
When you live as you want,
When you drink as you please,
When you eat wherever you want,
When you want to love the whole world,
When you ask the creator only one thing - to live to old age,
Only at that moment the whole meaning of existence is clear,
You can’t take all this to another world.
Where you want to be well received
One philosopher aptly said,
Letting everyone miss his appearance
You should appear very rarely.
When you want, at that moment
I'm happy with the rush of passion.
Don't spill the cup of happiness with delight -
Cocktail of love bliss ingredient.
I hate the table when I eat alone
I hate a holiday where I am not the master.
Mom prepared food for me
And then I caught myself thinking,
Fight gives a taste of life in dreams and in reality,
Like pepper, salt gives flavor to food.
I will give advice to someone who has decided to get married:
You're right, it's Mother Nature,
There's nothing to be ashamed of.
Not with which to live,
I give you advice - marry the one
What can I live without,
Believe me, my friend, you can’t.
My grandmother once said to me when I was a child:
Marry son successfully, she repeated to me twice,
When I was a girl, my mother told me
He bestowed the gray wisdom of the ancestors of the Jews.
When the bride comes to the house, look at your feet, son,
After all, the thresholds bring happy days into the house.
The bride can bring it to her husband's house
Misfortune or happiness, that is my wisdom.
I've seen a lot of smart, rich people,
Becoming the master of your position.
Whoever eats from the tree of knowledge of ideas,
The paradise of pleasure will forever be lost.
I asked the priest: father, tell me
Where is heaven on earth, show me the way there,
Give me directions on how to go there?
The priest answered, son choose the path yourself -
At your mother's feet lies heaven.
Oh, be afraid to give away your body
I feed on grief and suffering,
Tormented by blind covetousness
Before the white silver radiance,
Tremble before yellow gold!
Until the hour of fun is over
And your warm sigh will not cool down -
Your enemies will feast then
They will come like a predatory horde!
Whenever the secrets of life are clear
The heart of man has reached
It would even know the secrets of death,
Inaccessible to us for centuries!
And if you are a blind ignoramus,
Now that you are with yourself -
And with the visible world, and with life
Not yet separated by fate,
So what happens when you leave yourself
And the pitiful dust will decay in the ground, -
Oh, then your spirit is disembodied,
Will the impersonal spirit understand?
My beloved again
Gives me the same love!
May God grant her days to shine
As long as my sorrows!..
Burnt with a single tender
With an instant glance - and she left,
Leaving the charm of happiness...
Oh, right, she thought -
Having done good, the soul is strong,
When he is not looking for reward!
Like a falcon, my spirit, spreading its wings,
From the world of wonderful secrets he flew like an arrow -
I wanted to rush off to the higher world -
So what? Fell here, into the world of dust and powerlessness!
Without meeting anyone whose souls are hidden
To the innermost convolutions
I could open it, lovingly. Sad and powerless
I will go out the same door I entered through.
Changeable pattern of mysterious nature
You asked for clarification. And the secrets of life.
But it takes years to tell the whole truth -
And I'll be brief.
Our world is like a haze. Wonderful picture
The bosom of the waters rises. And, swaying like fog,
In a moment she will fall into her abyss again,
Into the bottomless ocean.
Whose heart of goodness is illuminated by a ray,
By the invisible ray of an invisible god,
Wherever there is a temple in the heart - a mosque or a synagogue,
Wherever the one whose name is listed prays
In the tablet of truth, in love the holy book, -
He is alien to anxiety, he is inaccessible to the yoke,
And he is not afraid of pitch-black, burning hell,
And paradise filled with delights does not captivate!
Giyasaddin Abu-l-Fath Omar ibn Ibrahim al-Khayyam Nishapuri born May 18, 1048 in Iran (Nishapur), died December 4, 1122. He studied poetry, mathematics, astronomy and philosophy.
In literature he achieved recognition for his quatrains (“rubai”), in algebra he built a classification of cubic equations, plus he created a calendar that was more accurate than the European one.
Omar was born into a tent-dwelling family. His childhood was difficult, because it occurred during the Seljuk conquest of Central Asia.
Omar was capable and smart, he grasped everything on the fly. At the age of 8, he already knew the Koran (the holy book of Muslims) from memory, and was deeply involved in astronomy, mathematics and philosophy. At the age of 12, he became a student at the Nishapur madrasah (a Muslim educational institution that serves as a high school and a Muslim theological seminary). He brilliantly completed a course in Islamic law and medicine, receiving the qualification of hakim, that is, a doctor. But medical practice was of little interest to Omar. He studied the works of the famous mathematician and astronomer Thabit ibn Kurra, and the works of Greek mathematicians.
The word "Khayyam" literally means "tent maker", from the word "khaima" - tent, from the same word comes the Old Russian "khamovnik", i.e. textile worker Ibn Ibrahim means son of Ibrahim. Thus, Khayyam’s father’s name was Ibrahim and he came from a family of artisans. It can be assumed that this man had sufficient funds and did not spare them to give his son an education corresponding to his brilliant abilities.
At the age of sixteen, Khayyam experienced the first loss in his life: during the epidemic, his father died, and then his mother. Omar sold his father's house and workshop and went to Samarkand. In Samarkand, Khayyam first became a student of one of the madrassas, but after several speeches at debates, he so impressed everyone with his learning that he was immediately made a mentor.
In 1074, soon after, after a long confrontation with the Seljuks, Shams al-Muluk recognized himself as a vassal of Sultan Malik Shah, Khayyam was invited to the capital of the huge Seljuk state of Isfahan to the court of Malik Shah to lead the reform of the Iranian solar calendar. The invitation was apparently made by the Seljuk vizier Nizam al-Mulk. The same friend of Khayyam’s youth, if you still believe the legend, despite the above-mentioned discrepancy in the ages of Khayyam and the famous vizier. The year 1074 became a significant date in the life of Omar Khayyam: it began a twenty-year period of his particularly fruitful scientific activity, brilliant in terms of the results achieved.
Omar Khayyam was invited by Sultan Malik Shah - at the insistence of Nizam al-Mulk - to build and manage the palace observatory. Having gathered at his court “the best astronomers of the century,” as sources say, and having allocated large sums of money to purchase the most advanced equipment, the Sultan set Omar Khayyam the task of developing a new calendar.
Khayyam is known for his quatrains - wise, full of humor, guile and audacity of the rubai. He was forgotten for a long time, but his work became known to Europeans in modern times thanks to the translations of Edward Fitzgerald.
Do not ask the ball for consent to throw.
It rushes across the field, driven by the Player.
Only the One who once threw you here -
He knows everything, He knows everything.
Omar Khayyam (1048-1131) is an outstanding mathematician and astronomer. It was he who developed methods for solving quadratic and cubic equations, defined algebra as a science, and considered issues related to irrational numbers. In astronomy, he developed the solar calendar. It was more accurate than the Julian calendar and formed the basis of the Iranian calendar, which is still used in Iran and Afghanistan to this day.
This amazing man is revered in the East as a sage. He was born into the family of a merchant in the city of Nishapur (670 km east of Tehran). At the age of 16, he lost his parents. They died from the epidemic. The young man qualified as a doctor and left for Samarkand. At that time it was one of the largest scientific centers in the world. After several years, young Omar moved to Bukhara. He lived in this city for 10 years and wrote many serious works on mathematics.
Then a very fruitful 18-year period began for Khayyam. He was invited to the city of Isfahan (340 km south of Tehran). At that time it was the capital of the powerful Seljuk Sultanate. At the head of the state was Melik Shah. His chief vizier, Nizam al-Mulk, personally recommended that the ruler take a young and intelligent man into his entourage, and very soon Omar became the spiritual mentor of the formidable Sultan and headed the palace observatory.
It was during these years that the main works on astronomy and mathematics occurred. But, as follows from life practice, happiness and well-being rarely last long. Melik Shah died in 1092. A month earlier, Nizam al-Mulk was killed by the Ismailis. The already middle-aged scientist was left without patrons.
The son of the deceased ruler, Mahmud, was proclaimed Sultan. But the boy was only 5 years old, so his mother Turkan Khatun concentrated all power in her hands. For her, astronomy and mathematics were empty words. Omar Khayyam was demoted to the position of attending physician, and a paltry salary began to be paid for work at the observatory.
In 1097, the scientist's service at court ended. The capital was moved to the city of Merv, and the observatory in Khorasan lost its central importance. Soon it was closed, and the scientist found himself out of work. On the threshold of old age, he was kicked out onto the street without being given any pension.
Very little is known about the further period of the life of the outstanding sage of the East. There is information that Omar has become a freethinker. Servants of Islam even equated him with apostates. In order to somehow justify himself in their eyes, the elderly scientist made a pilgrimage to Mecca.
The venerable old man lived the last years of his life in Nishapur. Only occasionally did he visit Balkhu and Bukhara. He lived on the money he earned by teaching at a madrasah. He regularly met with various philosophers and scientists. They themselves sought a meeting to enter into scientific disputes with him. The elder had several students. As for family life, Omar Khayyam never married and had no children. This amazing man devoted his entire life to science.
The great scientist died on December 4, 1131. He lived a long and interesting life, but was quickly forgotten by his descendants. It was remembered only in the 19th century, thanks to the English poet Edward Fitzgerald (1801-1883). He began to translate the quatrains, the so-called rubai, of the famous scientist.
In addition to mathematics and astronomy, he was fond of lyrical poetry. One of its forms is rubai - quatrains. They are widespread in the East.
They contained so much wisdom and humor that they instantly became extremely popular. In 1934, admirers of the work of the outstanding scientist and poet erected an obelisk for him. They placed it in Nishapur near the mosque in memory of the venerable Imam Mahruk. Below are the most famous and interesting quatrains. The translation from Persian was made by the Russian poet and translator German Borisovich Plisetsky.
Monument to Omar Khayyam
Poems by Omar Khayyam
For many years I reflected on earthly life,
There is nothing incomprehensible to me under the moon,
I know that I know nothing, -
This is the last secret I have learned.
I am a student in this best of the best worlds,
My work is hard: the teacher is too harsh!
Until my gray hairs I have been an apprentice in life,
Still not classified as a master...
He is too zealous and shouts: “It’s me!”
The little piece of gold in the wallet rattles: “It’s me!”
But as soon as he has time to sort things out -
Death knocks on the braggart’s window: “It’s me!”
There is a baby in the cradle, a dead man in the coffin:
That's all that is known about our fate.
Drink the cup to the bottom - and don’t ask too much:
The master will not reveal the secret to the slave.
Do not mourn, mortal, yesterday's losses,
Don’t measure today’s deeds by tomorrow’s standard,
Believe neither the past nor the future minute,
Be true to the current minute - be happy now!
Know, the favorite of fate, born in a shirt:
Your tent is propped up by rotten pillars.
If the soul is covered with flesh, like a tent -
Beware, for the tent stakes are weak!
Those who believe blindly will not find the way.
Those who think are forever oppressed by doubts.
I'm afraid that a voice will be heard one day:
“O ignoramuses! The road is neither here nor there!”
Better to fall into poverty, starve or steal,
How to become one of the despicable dishevelers.
It's better to swallow bones than to be tempted by sweets
At the table of the scoundrels in power.
It is unworthy to strive for anyone’s plate,
Like a greedy fly, risking itself.
It’s better that Khayyam doesn’t have a crumb,
What will the scoundrel feed him for slaughter!
If a worker by the sweat of his brow
He who earns bread has gained nothing -
Why should he bow to a nonentity?
Or even someone who is no worse than him?
No mortal has ever won victories over the sky.
Everyone is devoured by the cannibal earth.
Are you still intact? And you brag about it?
Wait: you'll get the ants for lunch!
Everything we see is only one appearance.
Far from the surface of the world to the bottom.
Consider the obvious in the world to be unimportant,
For the secret essence of things is not visible.
Even the brightest minds in the world
They could not disperse the surrounding darkness.
They told us several bedtime stories -
And the wise ones went to sleep, just like us.
He who follows reason milks the bull,
Wisdom is now unprofitable for sure!
Nowadays it's more profitable to play the fool,
For reason today is the price of garlic.
If you become a slave to base lust -
In old age you will be empty, like an abandoned house.
Look at yourself and think about
Who are you, where are you and where do you go next?
In this perishable Universe in due time
A man and a flower turn to dust.
If only the ashes evaporated from under our feet -
A bloody stream would rain down from the sky!
Life is a desert, we wander through it naked.
Mortal, full of pride, you are simply ridiculous!
You find a reason for every step -
Meanwhile, it has long been a foregone conclusion in heaven.
Since one cannot delay one's own death,
Since from above the path is indicated for mortals,
Since eternal things cannot be molded from wax -
There’s no point in crying about it, friends!
Having seen the frailty of the world, wait a minute to grieve!
Believe me: it’s not for nothing that your heart is pounding in your chest.
Don’t grieve about the past: what happened is gone.
Don't worry about the future: there is fog ahead...
Once you become a beggar dervish, you will reach heights.
Having torn your heart to blood, you will reach heights.
Away, empty dreams of great achievements!
Only by controlling yourself will you reach heights.
If Guria kisses you passionately on the mouth,
If your interlocutor is wiser than Christ,
If a musician is more beautiful than the heavenly Zukhra -
Everything is not a joy if your conscience is not clear!
We will leave without a trace - no names, no signs.
This world will last for thousands of years.
We weren’t here before, and we won’t be here after.
There is no harm or benefit from this.
If a mill, a bathhouse, a luxurious palace
A fool and a scoundrel receives a gift,
And the worthy goes into bondage because of bread -
I don't care about your justice, Creator!
Is this really our miserable destiny?
To be slaves to our lustful bodies?
After all, not a single person living in the world has yet
I couldn’t quench my desires!
We found ourselves in this world like a sparrow caught in a snare.
We are full of anxiety, hope and sorrow.
In this round cage, where there are no doors,
We ended up with you not by our own will.
If all states, near and far,
The conquered will lie in the dust,
You will not become, great lord, immortal.
Your lot is small: three arshins of land.
The sheikh shamed the harlot: “You, dissolute, drink,
You sell your body to everyone who wants it!”
“I am,” said the harlot, “really like that.
Are you who you say you are?”
I didn’t come to the mosque for a righteous word,
Without trying to get to know the basics, I came.
Last time I stole the prayer rug,
It was worn out to holes - I came for a new one!
Don't believe the fabrications of quiet people who don't drink,
It's like there's fire in hell for drunkards.
If there is a place in hell for lovers and drunks -
Heaven will be as empty as the palm of your hand tomorrow!
In this world there is a trap at every step.
I did not live even a day of my own free will.
They make decisions in heaven without me,
And then they call me a rebel!
Nobility and meanness, courage and fear -
Everything is built into our bodies from birth.
Until death we will become neither better nor worse -
We are the way Allah created us!
The world is fraught with both good and evil:
Everything that is built is immediately scrapped.
Be fearless, live in the moment
Don't worry about the future, don't cry about the past.
Why suffer needlessly for the sake of common happiness -
It’s better to give happiness to someone close.
It’s better to tie a friend to yourself with kindness,
How to free humanity from its shackles.
Drink with a worthy person who is no stupider than you,
Or drink with your moon-faced beloved.
Don't tell anyone how much you drank.
Drink wisely. Drink wisely. Drink in moderation.
“Hell and heaven are in heaven,” say the bigots.
I looked into myself and became convinced of the lie:
Hell and heaven are not circles in the palace of the universe,
Hell and heaven are two halves of the soul.
In this world no escape of truth will grow.
Justice has not ruled the world forever.
Don't think that you will change the course of life.
Don't hold on to the cut branch, man.
In this hostile world, don't be a fool:
Don’t you dare rely on those around you,
With a sober eye, look at your closest friend -
A friend may turn out to be your worst enemy.
Don't envy someone who is strong and rich.
Sunset always follows dawn.
With this short life, equal to a sigh,
Treat it as if it was rented to you.
He who from youth believes in his own mind,
In pursuit of the truth, he became dry and gloomy.
Claiming from childhood to know life,
Instead of becoming a grape, it turned into a raisin.
You bring shame on me in front of everyone:
I am an atheist, I am a drunkard, almost a thief!
I am ready to agree with your words.
But are you worthy to pass judgment?
For the worthy there are no worthy rewards,
I'm glad to lay down my belly for a worthy one.
Do you want to know if hell exists?
Living among the unworthy is true hell!
I asked the wisest: “What have you learned?
From your manuscripts? The wisest one said:
“Happy is he who is in the arms of a tender beauty
At night I’m far from the wisdom of books!”
You, Almighty, in my opinion, are greedy and old.
You deal blow after blow to the slave.
Paradise is the reward of the sinless for their obedience.
Would you give me something not as a reward, but as a gift!
The world is ruled by violence, anger and revenge.
What else on earth is reliable?
Where are the happy people in an angry world?
If there are, they can easily be counted on one hand.
Be careful not to be captivated by the beauty, friend!
Beauty and love are two sources of torment,
For this beautiful kingdom is eternal:
It strikes hearts and leaves hands.
O sage! If God gave you a loan
Musician, wine, stream and sunset -
Don't grow crazy desires in your heart.
If you have all this, you are immensely rich!
You and I are prey, and the world is a trap.
The Eternal Hunter is poisoning us, driving us to the grave.
It's all his own fault that happens in the world,
And he accuses you and me of sins.
O sage! If this or that fool
Calls midnight darkness dawn,
Play a fool and don't argue with fools
Everyone who is not a fool is a freethinker and an enemy!
Consider that you will change the course of the planets.
Consider that this light is not this light.
Hope you achieve what you want.
Consider it so. If not, consider it not.
The image of the great poet of the East Omar Khayyam is covered in legends, and his biography is full of secrets and mysteries. The ancient East knew Omar Khayyam primarily as an outstanding scientist: mathematician, physicist, astronomer, philosopher. In the modern world, Omar Khayyam is better known as a poet, the creator of original philosophical and lyrical quatrains - wise, full of humor, guile and audacity rubai.
Rubai is one of the most complex genre forms of Tajik-Persian poetry. The volume of the rubai is four lines, three of which (rarely four) rhyme with each other. Khayyam is an unsurpassed master of this genre. His rubai amaze with the accuracy of his observations and the depth of his understanding of the world and human soul, the brightness of his images and the grace of his rhythm.
Living in the religious east, Omar Khayyam thinks about God, but decisively rejects all church dogmas. His irony and free-thinking were reflected in the rubai. He was supported by many poets of his time, but due to fear of persecution for freethinking and blasphemy, they also attributed their works to Khayyam.
Omar Khayyam is a humanist; for him, man and his spiritual world are above all. He appreciates the pleasure and joy of life, enjoying every minute. And his style of presentation made it possible to express what could not be said out loud in open text.
Omar Khayyam(1048-1123)
The full name of Omar Khayyam is Giyas ad-Din Abu-l-Fath Omar ibn Ibrahim Khayyam Nishapuri. The word "Khayyam" literally means "tent maker", from the word "khaima" - tent, from the same word comes the Old Russian "khamovnik", i.e. textile worker Ibn Ibrahim means son of Ibrahim. Thus, Khayyam’s father’s name was Ibrahim and he came from a family of artisans. It can be assumed that this man had sufficient funds and did not spare them to give his son an education corresponding to his brilliant abilities.
There is almost no information about Khayyam’s young years. Al-Bayhaki wrote that Khayyam “was from Nishapur, both by birth and by ancestors. This is also indicated by the addition of Nishapuri (in Persian) or an-Naysaburi (in Arabic) to his name. Some sources indicate that young Khayyam also studied in Nishapur, others say that in his early youth he lived in Balkh. The name of a certain “chief of scientists and researchers named Nasir al-milla wa-d-Din Sheikh Muhammad-i Mansur” is mentioned as a teacher. of which there is no information.One way or another, all sources agree that at the age of seventeen he achieved deep knowledge in all branches of philosophy, and point to his remarkable natural abilities and memory.
At that time, Nishapur, located in eastern Iran, in the ancient cultural province of Khorasan, was a large 11th-century city with a population of several hundred thousand people. Enclosed by a high wall with towers, it consisted of no less than fifty large streets and occupied an area of approximately forty square kilometers. Lying on busy caravan routes, Nishapur was a fair town for many provinces of Iran and Central Asia and for nearby countries. Nishapur, one of the main cultural centers of Iran, was famous for its libraries; since the 11th century, schools of secondary and higher types - madrasahs - operated in the city.
In order to reconcile various sources, it can be assumed (and the probability of this is really high) that Khayyam began his education precisely in the Nishapur madrasah, which at that time had the glory of an aristocratic educational institution that trained major officials for public service, and then continued it in Balkh and Samarkand.
The end of the teaching probably marks the first experience of Khayyam’s independent scientific work, devoted to extracting the root of any positive integer degree n from a positive integer number N. Khayyam’s first treatise has not reached us, but there are references to its title - “Problems of Arithmetic”. It is indicated that in this treatise, Khayyam, on the basis of earlier works of Indian mathematicians, essentially proposed a method for solving the equations x^n = a (n is an integer), similar to the Ruffini-Horner method. In addition, the treatise apparently contained a rule for the expansion of the natural power of a binomial (a+b)^n, that is, the well-known Newton binomial formula for natural exponents. Of course, until the manuscript of “Problems of Arithmetic” has been found, one can only guess about its contents, relying, first of all, on the works of Khayyam’s students and followers. Many of the above conclusions were made by researchers on the basis of Nasir ad-Din al-Tusi’s treatise “Collection of arithmetic using a board and dust”, in which the author sets out a number of new results, without, at the same time, claiming to have discovered them.
For some reason, perhaps related to political events - the first years of the reign of the Seljuk sultans, Khayyam had to leave Khorasan. Further information about Khayyam comes from Karakhanid-ruled Transoxiana, whose capital was first Samarkand and then Bukhara.
The first work of Khayyam that has come down to us is a small algebraic treatise, the manuscript of which is kept in the library of the University of Tehran. The manuscript does not have a title, but the author is indicated. It is not entirely clear where and when this work was written. It, in fact, precedes a more complete “correct” treatise on algebra - Khayyam’s next work.
It should be noted that in the time of Khayyam, a scientist, not being a wealthy person, could regularly engage in science only at the court of one or another ruler, holding one of four positions: secretary (dabir), poet, astrologer or doctor. The fate of the scientist, in this case, largely depended on the favor or disfavor of the ruler, his temper and whims, on court intrigues and palace coups. In this regard, Khayyam’s fate is largely determined by a series of successive patrons, on whom the scientist undoubtedly depended, whom he mentioned and thanked in his works. Nizami Aruzi Samarkandi in his “Collection of Rarities” writes: “Dabir, a poet, astrologer and a doctor, are the king’s closest people, and it is impossible for him to do without them. On the dabir there is the strength of government, on the poet there is eternal glory, on the astrologer there is a good arrangement of affairs.” ", on the doctor - bodily health. And these are four difficult deeds and noble sciences from the branches of the science of philosophy: dabirism and poetry - from the branches of logic, astrology - the branch of mathematics and medicine - the branch of natural science."
At the same time, it was generally accepted that it was the learned courtiers who largely provided the ruler with the strength of power and its splendor. The rulers of the 11th century competed with each other in the splendor of their retinues, lured educated courtiers from each other, and the most powerful simply demanded that they be transferred to the court of famous scientists and poets.
Apparently, the first of Khayyam’s famous patrons was the chief judge of the city of Samarkand, Abu Tahir Abd ar-Rahman ibn Alak. In the introduction to his algebraic treatise, Khayyam talks about his misfortunes: “I was deprived of the opportunity to systematically engage in this matter and could not even concentrate on thinking about it because of the vicissitudes of fate that interfered with me. We witnessed the death of scientists, from whom a small but long-suffering a handful of people. The severity of fate in these times prevents them from completely devoting themselves to the improvement and deepening of their science. Most of those who currently have the appearance of scientists dress the truth with lies, not going beyond the limits of counterfeit in science and pretending to be knowledgeable. That stock of knowledge, "What they have, they use only for base carnal purposes. And if they meet a person who is distinguished by the fact that he seeks the truth and loves the truth, tries to reject lies and hypocrisy and renounces boasting and deception, they make him the object of their contempt and ridicule." , and then writes that he got the opportunity to write this book only thanks to the patronage of “the glorious and incomparable gentleman, the judge of judges, Imam Mr. Abu Tahir. His presence enlarged my bosom, his company increased my glory, my business grew by his light, and my back was strengthened by his bounty and beneficence. By my approach to his lofty residence I felt obliged to replenish what I had lost through the vicissitudes of fortune, and to set forth briefly what I had learned to the marrow of philosophical questions. And I began by enumerating these types of algebraic propositions, since the mathematical sciences most deserve preference."
Judging by this introduction, the main part of the algebraic treatise “On the proofs of problems in algebra and amukabala” was written in Samarkand around 1069.
After Abu Tahir, Khayyam enjoyed the patronage of the Bukhara Khakan Shams al-Muluk. The sources indicate that the ruler greatly exalted him and seated Imam Omar with him on his throne. It is very likely that Khayyam was introduced to the court of Shams al-Muluk by Abu Tahir. Let us note that the niece of Shams al-Muluk Turkan Khatun, whose name we will meet below, was married to Mulik Shah. Tabrizi tells about Khayyam’s stay in Bukhara: “I also heard that when the scientist deigned to arrive in Bukhara, a few days after his arrival he visited the grave of the very learned author of the “Proper Collection,” may Allah sanctify his soul.
In 1074, soon after, after a long confrontation with the Seljuks, Shams al-Muluk recognized himself as a vassal of Sultan Malik Shah, Khayyam was invited to the capital of the huge Seljuk state of Isfahan to the court of Malik Shah to lead the reform of the Iranian solar calendar. The invitation was apparently made by the Seljuk vizier Nizam al-Mulk. The same friend of Khayyam’s youth, if you still believe the legend, despite the above-mentioned discrepancy in the ages of Khayyam and the famous vizier. The year 1074 became a significant date in the life of Omar Khayyam: it began a twenty-year period of his particularly fruitful scientific activity, brilliant in terms of the results achieved.
The city of Isfahan was at that time the capital of a powerful centralized Seljuk power, stretching from the Mediterranean Sea in the west to the borders of China in the east, from the Main Caucasus Range in the north to the Persian Gulf in the south. The crenellated city wall of Isfahan with twelve wide iron gates, beautiful tall buildings, the majestic Friday mosque in the central square, entire blocks of lively bazaars, many caravanserais with warehouses for goods and hotels for visitors, gurgling streams with beautiful water, a sense of space and abundance - everything this aroused the admiration of travelers.
During the era of Sultan Malik Shah, Isfahan, located in a valley surrounded by mountain ranges, with the deep Zaenderud River flowing through the city, expanded further and was decorated with elegant architectural structures. The magnificent gardens laid out in Isfahan during these years were sung by poets more than once in verse. Malik Shah gave his court a splendor unprecedented in Iranian dynasties. Medieval authors colorfully describe the luxury of palace decoration, magnificent feasts and city celebrations, royal amusements and hunts. At the court of Malik Shah there was a huge staff of courtiers: guards, squires, keepers of clothes, gatekeepers, guards and a large group of panegyric poets led by one of the largest odopists of the 11th century - Muizzi (1049 - died between 1123 and 1127).
According to most historians, the creative state activity and broad educational transformations that marked these decades - the period of the highest rise of the Seljuk state, were owed not so much to Sultan Malik Shah as to his vizier (in our opinion - the Prime Minister) Nizam al-Mulk (1018- -1092) - an outstanding political figure of the 11th century. Nizam al-Mulk, who patronized the development of science, opened educational and scientific academies in Isfahan, as well as in other major cities - Baghdad, Basra, Nishapur, Balkh, Merv, Herat; after the name of the vizier they were universally called Nizamiye. For the Isfahan Academy, Nizam al-Mulk erected a majestic building near the Friday mosque itself and invited famous scientists from other cities to Isfahan to teach there. Isfahan, famous for its most valuable collections of handwritten books, which has strong cultural traditions (it is enough to mention that Abu Ali ibn Sina (980-1037), the brilliant Avicenna, who lectured in one of the Isfahan madrassas, spent a significant part of his life in Isfahan), becomes under Nizam al -Mulke was an active scientific center, with an influential group of scientists.
So, Omar Khayyam was invited by Sultan Malik Shah - at the insistence of Nizam al-Mulk - to build and manage the palace observatory. Having gathered at his court “the best astronomers of the century,” as sources say, and having allocated large sums of money to purchase the most advanced equipment, the Sultan set Omar Khayyam the task of developing a new calendar.
The historian Ibn al-Asir writes: “This year, Nizam al-Mulk and Sultan Malik Shah gathered the best astronomers... An observatory was built for Sultan Malik Shah, the best astronomers Omar ibn Ibrahim al-Khayami, Abu -l-Muzaffar al-Isfazari, Maymun ibn Najib al-Wasiti and others. A lot of money was spent on the creation of the observatory."
For five years, Omar Khayyam, together with a group of astronomers, conducted scientific observations at the observatory, and they developed a new calendar, which was distinguished by a high degree of accuracy. This calendar, named after the Sultan who ordered it, “Malikshah’s calendar,” was based on a thirty-three-year period, including eight leap years; Leap years followed seven times after four years and once after five years. The calculation made it possible to reduce the time difference of the proposed year, compared with the tropical year, calculated at 365.2422 days, to nineteen seconds. Consequently, the calendar proposed by Omar Khayyam was seven seconds more accurate than the current Gregorian calendar (developed in the 16th century), where the annual error is twenty-six seconds. Khayyam's calendar reform with a thirty-three-year period is assessed by modern scientists as a remarkable discovery.
For reasons that are not entirely clear, the developed calendar was never implemented. Khayyam himself writes that “time did not allow the Sultan to complete this matter, and the leap remained unfinished.” The meaning of this statement is not clear, since there are indications that the new calendar was almost ready by March 1079, and the Sultan continued to rule until 1092. Transferring modern experience to that ancient time, it can be assumed that scientists were deliberately in no hurry to develop final system for following leap years, seeking continued funding for the project, and, meanwhile, continued to conduct astronomical observations and were engaged in other scientific research of interest to them. In the end, the relationship between power and science has been and will be similar in all eras.
Omar Khayyam was part of Malik Shah's closest retinue, that is, among his nadims - advisers, confidantes and companions, and, of course, practiced as an astrologer for the reigning person. The fame of Omar Khayyam as an astrologer-soothsayer, endowed with a special gift of clairvoyance, was very great. Even before his appearance in Isfahan, the court of Malik Shah knew about Omar Khayyam as the highest authority among astrologers.
In 1077, Khayyam completed his remarkable mathematical work, “Comments on the Difficulties in the Introductions of the Book of Euclid.” In 1080, Khayyam wrote the philosophical “Treatise on Being and Oughtness,” and soon another philosophical work, “An Answer to Three Questions.” Quatrains of a hedonistic nature were also created by Omar Khayyam, according to his biographers, in Isfahan, during the heyday of his scientific creativity and well-being in life.
The twenty-year, relatively calm period of Omar Khayyam’s life at the court of Malik Shah ended at the end of 1092, when, under unclear circumstances, Sultan Malik Shah died; a month earlier, Nizam al-Mulk was killed. Medieval sources attributed the death of these two patrons of Omar Khayyam to the Ismailis.
Isfahan - along with Ray - was at that time one of the main centers of Ismailism - a religious anti-feudal movement in Muslim countries. At the end of the 11th century, the Ismailis launched active terrorist activities against the dominant Turkic feudal nobility. Hassan al-Sabbah (1054-1124) - leader and ideologist of the Ismaili movement in Iran, was closely associated with Isfahan from a young age. According to the already mentioned implausible legend, it was Sabbah who was the third of the young people who swore in their youth on blood to eternal friendship and mutual assistance (the first two were Khayyam and Nizam al-Mulk).
Sources attest to Hasan al-Sabbah's visit to Isfahan in May 1081. Mysterious and scary are the stories about the life of Isfahan at this time, when the Ismailis (in Europe they were called assassins) began their activities, with their tactics of hoaxes, disguises and reincarnations, luring victims, secret murders and ingenious traps. Thus, Nizam al-Mulk, as sources say, was stabbed to death by an Ismaili who penetrated him under the guise of a dervish - a wandering Muslim monk, and Malik Shah was secretly poisoned. In the early nineties, Ismailis set fire to the Isfahan Friday mosque, and the fire destroyed the library stored at the mosque. After the death of Malik Shah, the Ismailis terrorized the Isfahan nobility. Fear of secret killers flooding the city gave rise to suspicions, denunciations and reprisals.
Malik Shah's widow Turkan Khatun, relying on the Turkic guards ("gulyams"), achieved the proclamation of her youngest son Mahmud, who was only 5 years old, as sultan and became the de facto ruler of the state. Omar Khayyam's position at court was shaken. Turkankhatun, who did not favor Nizam al-Mulk, did not trust the people close to him. Omar Khayyam continued to work at the observatory for some time, but no longer received either support or the same content. At the same time, he performed the duties of an astrologer and doctor under Turkan Khatun.
The story of the episode associated with the complete collapse of the court career of Omar Khayyam has become textbook - some biographers date it back to 1097. Here is how Al-Bayhaki describes this episode: “Once Imam Omar came to the great Sultan Sanjar when he was a boy and was suffering from smallpox, and left him. Vizir Mujir ad-Daula asked him: “How did you find him and what did you do with him?” treated?" He replied, "The boy inspires fear." The Ethiopian servant understood this and reported to the Sultan. When the Sultan recovered, for this reason he harbored a grudge against Imam Omar and did not love him." This episode apparently dates back to the first years of the reign of Malik Shah Barkyaruk's eldest son, shortly after the younger son, Mahmud, died of smallpox (around this time Barkyaruk himself also suffered from smallpox, but recovered). Apparently, Sanjar suspected Khayyam of dishonest treatment or the “evil eye.” It is possible that this was due to the fact that Khayyam also participated in the treatment of Mahmud and Barkyaruk. One way or another, Sanjar, who later became the sultan who ruled the Seljuk state from 1118 to 1157, harbored hostility towards Omar Khayyam for the rest of his life.
After the death of Malik Shah, Isfahan soon lost its position as the royal residence and main scientific center; the capital was again moved to Khorasan, to the city of Merv. Khayyam is making an attempt to interest the new rulers in subsidizing the observatory - he writes a book with an obvious “populist” character, “Nauruz-name”, about the history of the celebration of Nauruz, the solar calendar and various calendar reforms. The book is full of various improbable anecdotes, unscientific signs, moral teachings, legends and fictions. The immediate purpose of this book is visible in the chapter “On the Customs of the Kings of Iran,” where, as a good custom, patronage of scholars is especially emphasized. Alas, the book did not help - the Isfahan Observatory fell into disrepair and was closed.
About the later period of Omar Khayyam’s life, as little is known as about his youth. Sources indicate that Omar Khayyam has been staying in Merv for some time.
Let us cite one episode, recounted by Nizami Aruzi, relating to this period of Khayyam’s life and showing that Khayyam could make meteorological forecasts. “In the winter of 1114 in the city of Merv,” says Nizami Aruzi in the chapter “On science, the stars and the knowledge of an astrologer in this science,” “the Sultan sent a man to the great Khoja Sadr ad-din Muhammad ibn Muzaffar - may Allah have mercy on him! - with the instruction: “Tell Khoja Imam Omar, let him determine a favorable moment to go hunting, so that during these few days there will be no rain or snow. And Khoja Imam Omar communicated with Khoja and visited his house. Khoja sent a man, called him and told him about what had happened. Omar left, spent two days on this matter and identified a favorable moment. He himself went to the Sultan and, in accordance with this definition, put the Sultan on his horse. And when the Sultan mounted his horse and rode the distance of one cockcrow, a cloud rolled in, and the wind blew, and a snow whirlwind rose. Everyone laughed, and the Sultan wanted to turn around. Khoja Imam Omar said: “Let the Sultan calm his heart: the cloud will now disperse and there will be no moisture in these five days.” The Sultan rode on, and the cloud cleared, and in those five days there was no moisture, and no one saw a cloud."
In these years, Khayyam’s fame as an outstanding mathematician and astronomer was supplemented by the seditious fame of a freethinker and apostate. Khayyam's philosophical views aroused the angry irritation of the zealots of Islam, and his relations with the higher clergy deteriorated sharply.
They took on such a dangerous character for Omar Khayyam that he was forced, in his middle age, to make a long and difficult journey of pilgrimage to Mecca. Al-Kifti in the “History of the Sages” reports: “When his contemporaries denigrated his faith and brought out the secrets that he hid, he feared for his blood and lightly grabbed the reins of his tongue and pen and performed the Hajj out of fear, not out of fear.” reason of the fear of God, and discovered the secrets of the unclean mysteries. When he arrived in Baghdad, his like-minded people in ancient science hurried to him, but he blocked the door in front of them with the barrier of a repentant, and not a fellow feast. And he returned from his hajj to his city ", visiting morning and evening the place of worship and hiding his secrets, which will inevitably be revealed. He had no equal in astronomy and philosophy, in these areas he was made a proverb; oh, if only he had been granted the ability to avoid disobedience to God! "
According to al-Bayhaki, at the end of his life Khayyam “had a bad character” and “was stingy in writing books and teaching.” The historian Shahrazuri reports that Khayyam’s student Abu-l-Hatim Muzaffar al-Isfazari (apparently the son of one of the scientists who worked with Khayyam) “was friendly and affectionate towards his students and listeners, in contrast to Khayyam.”
At some point, Khayyam returns to Nishapur, where he lived until the last days of his life, only leaving it from time to time to visit Bukhara or Balkh. By that time he was apparently over 70 years old. Perhaps Khayyam taught at the Nishapur madrasah, had a small circle of close students, occasionally received scientists and philosophers who sought a meeting with him, and participated in scientific debates. Tabrizi's "House of Joy" reports that Khayyam "never had an inclination for family life and left no offspring. All that remains of him are quatrains and well-known works on philosophy in Arabic and Persian."
For a long time, the most likely date of death of Omar Khayyam was considered to be 1123. There are several sources that have come down to us, partially contradicting each other. D Nizami of Samarkandi talks about his visit to Khayyam’s grave four years after his death, from which it follows that the scientist died in 1131-32. On the other hand, in the manuscript of the writer Yar-Ahmed Tabrizi “The House of Joy” there are two indications of the possible date of death. "The duration of his life is "ab" solar years. "ab" are two numbers written illegibly, but the first of them looks like 7 or 8, and the second like 2 or 3. The second phrase, apparently referring to Khayyam: he died on "Thursday 12 Muharram, 555 in a village in one of the volosts of the Firuzgond district near Astrabad." This puzzle is even more complicated by possible errors in the given sources. Two solutions are possible, depending on the use of astronomical tables. If we accept the first option - March 23, 1122. , then we have to admit the presence of errors in the first two sources. Another option, December 4, 1131, does not contradict any of the documents, and it is this that, apparently, should be considered the most probable date of death. Khayyam’s grave is located in Nishapur near the mosque in memory of the imam Makhruka. An obelisk was erected on this grave in 1934, with funds raised by admirers of Khayyam’s work in different countries. The inscription on the obelisk reads:
DEATH OF A SAGE 516 AH
ACCORDING TO THE LUNAR CALENDAR.
Sit down at Khayyam’s grave and demand your goal,
Demand one moment of leisure from the grief of the world.
If you want to know the date the obelisk was built,
Demand the secrets of the soul and faith at Khayyam’s grave.
The authors of the inscription believed that Khayyam died in 516 (1122-1123). It is quite possible that future historians will still puzzle over the date of construction of the obelisk, which, in accordance with Eastern tradition, is indicated by the last line of the quatrain. The solution is this: if you replace each letter of the string with its numerical value in the Arabic alphabetic numbering and add these numbers, the total will be 1313, which corresponds to 1934 according to our calendar.
Poems about love and poems about love.
Rubai about love
It’s better to drink and caress cheerful beauties,
Why seek salvation in fasting and prayers?
If there's a place in hell for lovers and drunkards,
Then who do you order to be allowed into heaven?
When the violets pour out their fragrance
And the spring wind blows,
The sage is the one who drinks wine with his beloved,
Breaking the cup of repentance on a stone.
Dawn threw a sheaf of fire onto the roofs
And he threw the ball of the lord of the day into the cup.
Sip the wine! Sounds in the rays of dawn
The call of love, drunken the universe.
Alas, we are not given many days to stay here,
To live them without love and without wine is a sin.
There is no need to think whether this world is old or young:
If we are destined to leave, do we really care?
Among the beautiful houris I am drunk and in love
And I give a grateful bow to the wine.
Today I am free from the shackles of existence
And blessed, as if invited to a higher palace.
Give me a jug of wine and a cup, oh my love,
We will sit with you in the meadow and on the bank of the stream!
The sky is full of beauties, from the beginning of existence,
It turned, my friend, into bowls and jugs - I know.
Love is a fatal misfortune, but the misfortune is by the will of Allah.
Why do you blame what is always by the will of Allah?
A series of evil and good arose - by the will of Allah.
Why do we need thunder and flames of Judgment - by the will of Allah?
With the one whose body is a cypress, and whose lips seem to be lal,
Go to the garden of love and fill your glass,
While the doom is inevitable, the wolf is insatiable,
This flesh, like a shirt, was not torn off you!
About grief, grief to the heart, where there is no burning passion.
Where there is no love, there is no torment, where there are no dreams of happiness.
A day without love is lost: duller and grayer,
Why is this day barren, and there are no days of bad weather.
Loving you, I bear all reproaches
And it’s not in vain that I vow eternal fidelity.
Since I will live forever, I will be ready until the day of judgment
To humbly endure heavy and cruel oppression.
Come quickly, full of enchantment,
Dispel sadness, breathe in the warmth of your heart!
Pour a jug of wine into the jugs
Our ashes have not yet been turned by a potter.
You, whom I have chosen, are dearer to me than anyone else.
Heart of ardent heat, light of eyes for me.
Is there anything in life more precious than life?
You and my life are more precious to me.
I'm not afraid of reproaches, my pocket is not empty,
But still, put away the wine and put the glass aside.
I always drank wine - I looked for pleasure to my heart,
Why should I drink now that I'm drunk with you?
Only your face makes a sad heart happy.
I don't need anything except your face.
I see my image in you, looking into your eyes,
I see you in myself, my joy.
Wounded by passion, I shed tears tirelessly,
I pray to heal my poor heart,
For instead of a love drink the sky
My cup has been filled with the blood of my heart.
In the morning the rose opened its bud in the wind,
And the nightingale sang, in love with her beauty.
Sit in the shade. These roses will bloom for a long time,
When our sorrowful ashes are buried.
In the morning my rose wakes up,
My rose blooms in the wind.
O cruel sky! Has barely blossomed -
How my rose is already crumbling.
Passion for an unfaithful woman struck me like a plague.
It’s not for me that my darling is going crazy!
Who, my heart, will cure us of passion,
If our doctor suffers herself.
We have now forgotten our vows of repentance
And they closed the door tightly to good fame.
We are beside ourselves; Don't blame us for this:
We are drunk with the wine of love, not with wine, believe me!
***
Omar Khayyam Rubaiyat about love
I found paradise here, over a cup of wine,
Among the roses, near my dear one, burning with love.
Why should we listen to talk about hell and heaven!
Who has seen hell? Has anyone returned from heaven?
Reason gives praise to this cup,
The lover kisses her all night long.
And the mad potter made such an elegant bowl
Creates and hits the ground without mercy!
Khayyam! What are you grieving about? Have fun!
You are feasting with a friend - be merry!
Oblivion awaits everyone. You could have disappeared
You still exist - be happy!
Do not worry that your name will be forgotten.
Let the intoxicating drink comfort you.
Before your joints fall apart -
Comfort yourself with your beloved by caressing her.
If you want to touch a rose, don’t be afraid to cut your hands,
If you want to drink, don’t be afraid to get sick from a hangover.
And love is beautiful, reverent and passionate
If you want to burn your heart in vain, don’t be afraid!
You are the queen of the game. I'm not happy myself.
My knight has become a pawn, but I can’t take my move back...
I press my black rook against your white rook,
Two faces are now side by side... But what happens in the end? Mat!
A life-giving spring is hidden in the bud of your lips,
Let no one else's cup touch your lips forever...
The jug that preserves the trace of them, I will drain to the bottom.
Wine can replace everything... Everything except your lips!
Let me touch, my love, the thick strands,
This reality is dearer to me than any dreams...
I can only compare your curls to a loving heart,
So tender and so quivering are their curls!
Kiss your foot, oh queen of joy,
Much sweeter than the lips of a half-asleep girl!
Every day I indulge all your whims,
So that on a starry night I can merge with my beloved.
Your lips gave the color to ruby,
You left - I am sad, and my heart is bleeding.
Who hid in the ark like Noah from the flood,
He alone will not drown in the abyss of love.
Whose heart does not burn with passionate love for the beloved, -
Without consolation he drags out his sad life.
Days spent without the joys of love,
I consider the burden unnecessary and hateful.
From edge to edge we are on the path to death;
We cannot turn back from the brink of death.
Look, in the local caravanserai
Don't accidentally forget your love!
Who planted a rose of tender love
To the cuts of the heart - I didn’t live in vain!
And the one who listened sensitively to God with his heart,
And the one who drank the hops of earthly delight!
Have fun!... You can't catch a stream in captivity?
But the running stream caresses!
Is there no consistency in women and in life?
But it’s your turn!
Oh, if only, taking with me the poems of the sofa
Yes, in a jug of wine and putting bread in my pocket,
I want to spend a day with you among the ruins, -
Any sultan could envy me.
The branches don't tremble... the night... I'm alone...
In the darkness a rose drops a petal.
So - you left! And bitter intoxications
The flying delirium is dispelled and far away.
***
Omar Khayyam Rubaiyat about love
Our world is an alley of young roses,
A chorus of nightingales, a transparent swarm of dragonflies.
And in the fall? Silence and stars
And the darkness of your flowing hair...
Who is ugly, who is handsome - does not know passion,
A madman in love agrees to go to hell.
Lovers don't care what to wear,
What to lay on the ground, what to put under your head.
We are like compasses, together, on the grass:
The single body has two heads,
We make a full circle, rotating on the rod,
To match head to head again.
The sheikh shamed the harlot: “You, whore, drink,
You sell your body to everyone who wants it!"
“I am,” said the harlot, “really like that,
Are you who you say you are?"
The sky is the belt of my ruined life,
The tears of the fallen are the salty waves of the seas.
Paradise - blissful peace after passionate efforts,
Hellfire is just a reflection of extinguished passions.
Like the sun, love burns without burning,
Like a bird of heavenly paradise - love.
But not yet love - nightingale moans,
Do not moan, dying of love - love!
Throw off the burden of self-interest, the oppression of vanity,
Enmeshed in evil, break out of these snares.
Drink wine and comb your darling's locks:
The day will pass unnoticed - and life will flash by.
My advice: always be drunk and in love,
To be dignified and important is not worth the trouble.
Not needed by the almighty Lord God
Neither your mustache, friend, nor my beard!
From the lilac cloud to the green plains
White jasmine is falling all day long.
I pour a lily-like cup
Pure pink flame - the best of wines.
In this life, intoxication is the best thing,
The singing of the gentle Guria is best,
Free thought boiling is best,
Oblivion of all prohibitions is best.
Give me some wine! There is no place for empty words here.
Kisses from my beloved are my bread and balm.
The lips of an ardent lover are wine-colored,
The violence of passion is like her hair.
Tomorrow is the day - alas! - hidden from our eyes!
Hurry to use the hour flying into the abyss.
Drink, moon-faced one! How often will the month be
Ascend to heaven, no longer seeing us.
Above all else is love,
In the song of youth, the first word is love.
Oh, wretched ignoramus in the world of love,
Know that the basis of our entire life is love!
From the zenith of Saturn to the belly of the Earth
The mysteries of the world have found their interpretation.
I have unraveled all the loops near and far,
Except for the simplest one - except for the light loop.
Those to whom life was given in full measure,
Intoxicated with the intoxication of love and wine.
Having dropped the unfinished cup of delight,
They sleep side by side in the arms of eternal sleep.
If you are in the rays of hope, look for your heart, heart,
If you are in the company of a friend, look into his heart with your heart.
The temple and the countless temples are smaller than a small heart,
Throw away your Kaaba, look for your heart with your heart.
Sweet curls are darker from the musk of the night,
And the ruby of her lips is more valuable than all stones...
I once compared her figure to a cypress tree,
Now the cypress tree is proud to the roots!
Oh, don't grow a tree of sorrow...
Seek wisdom from your own beginning.
Caress your loved ones and love wine!
After all, we are not married to life forever.
Drink wine, for bodily joy is in it.
Listen to the chang, for the sweetness of heaven is in it.
Trade your eternal sorrow for joy,
For the goal, unknown to anyone, is in him.
A blooming garden, a girlfriend and a cup of wine -
This is my paradise. I don't want to find myself in something else.
Yes, no one has ever seen heavenly paradise!
So let's take comfort in earthly things for now.
I would like to cool my soul towards the unfaithful one,
Allow yourself to be taken over by a new passion.
I would like to, but tears fill my eyes,
Tears don't let me look at anyone else.
Woe to the heart that is colder than ice,
Doesn't glow with love, doesn't know about it.
And for the heart of a lover, a day spent
Without a lover - the most wasted of days!
Talk about love is devoid of magic,
Like cooled coals, the fire is deprived.
And true love burns hot,
Deprived of sleep and rest, night and day.
Don't beg for love, loving hopelessly,
Do not wander under the window of an unfaithful woman, grieving.
Like beggar dervishes, be independent -
Maybe then they will love you.
Where to escape from fiery passions,
What hurts your soul?
When would I know that this torment is the source
In the hands of the one who is dearer to you all...
I'll share my deepest secret with you,
In a nutshell, I will express my tenderness and sadness.
I dissolve in the dust with love for you,
From the earth I will rise with love for you.
It was not because of poverty that I forgot about wine,
It was not out of fear that I completely sank to the bottom.
I drank wine to fill my heart with joy,
And now my heart is full of you.
They say: "There will be houris, honey and wine -
We are destined to taste all the delights in paradise."
That's why I'm everywhere with my beloved and with the cup, -
After all, in the end we will come to the same thing anyway.
I stubbornly wondered over the book of life,
Suddenly, with heartache, the sage said to me:
"There is no more beautiful bliss - to lose yourself in the arms of
Moon-faced beauty, whose lips seemed to lal."
For loving you, let everyone around you judge you,
Believe me, I don’t have time to argue with the ignorant.
Only husbands are healed by the love potion,
And it brings a cruel illness to bigots.
“We must live,” we are told, “in fasting and in labor!”
“As you live, so you will rise again!”
I am inseparable from my friend and a cup of wine,
So that you can wake up at the Last Judgment.
For those who die, Baghdad and Balkh are one;
Whether the cup is bitter or sweet, we will see the bottom in it.
The detrimental month goes out - it will return young,
And we will never return.... Be silent and drink wine.
Sacrifice yourself for the sake of your beloved,
Sacrifice what is most precious to you.
Never be cunning when giving love,
Sacrifice your life, be courageous, ruining your heart!
Rose said: "Oh, my appearance today
Essentially, he speaks about my madness.
Why do I come out of the bud bleeding?
The path to freedom often lies through thorns!"
Passion for you has torn the robe of roses,
Your scent contains the breath of roses.
You are tender, sparkles of sweat on silken skin,
Like dew at the wonderful moment of opening roses!
You alone brought joy to my heart,
Your death burned my heart with grief.
Only with you could I endure all the sorrows of the world,
Without you, what is the world and worldly affairs to me?
You have chosen the path of love - you must firmly follow,
The sparkle of your eyes will flood everything along this path.
And having achieved a lofty goal with patience,
Breathe so hard that you can shake the world with your sigh!
Your moon will not wane in a month,
While decorating, the stingy fate was generous to you.
It’s really not difficult to leave this life and world,
But how difficult it is to always leave your threshold!
You don’t push your horse on the road of love -
You will be exhausted by the end of the day.
Do not curse the one who is tormented by love -
You cannot comprehend the heat of someone else's fire.
I went out into the garden sad and not happy about the morning,
The nightingale sang to Rose in a mysterious way:
"Show yourself from the bud, rejoice in the morning,
How many wonderful flowers this garden gave!”
My eyes are crying because of the chain of separations,
My heart cries from doubts and torment.
I cry pitifully and write these lines,
Even the kalam cries, falling out of his hands...
Come, because peace of mind is you!
You've come! And not someone else - it's you!
And not for the sake of the soul - for the sake of our God
Let me be sure, touch it with your hand - it’s you!
I will happily hug my beloved again
And I will remove the evil of my days from my memory.
Although a drunkard does not heed the words of the sages,
But of course I will understand these words!
It’s not easy for the wind to fly into her curls,
And it’s not easy not to have suffering in love.
They say that her face is inaccessible to the eyes -
Of course, it’s not easy to look drunk!
Every moment, oh idol, don’t be cutesy,
Don’t be so constant in self-love.
Walk with an even step and don’t frown more than your eyebrows,
Never be an enemy to lovers!
The arrival of my friend illuminated my soul,
Happiness smiled upon me amidst many adversities.
Let the moon darken. And with the extinguished candle
A night with you is like the sun rising for me.
From the fire of your passion only smoke came out,
He brought little hope to his heart.
I tried hard to meet you,
But since there was no happiness, my ardor is fruitless!
***
Omar Khayyam Rubaiyat about love
There are no people in the world who are not completely smitten by you,
There is no one in the world who has not lost their mind.
And, although you are not partial to anyone,
There is no one in the world who would not desire your love.
Translation: N. Tenigina
My soul tells me that I am in love with his face,
The sound of his speeches penetrated into the very heart.
Pearls of secrets fill my soul and heart,
But I can’t say - my tongue is nailed!
I thought that your promises were true,
Your promises are full of constancy.
No, I didn’t know that, like the pillars of the universe -
Light of the eyes! - your promises are fragile!
The heart asked: “Teach at least once!”
I started with the alphabet: “Remember - “Az”.
And I hear: “Enough! Everything is in the initial syllable,
And then - a fluent, eternal retelling."
Passion cannot be friends with deep love,
If he can, then they won’t be together for long.
Let the hen and the falcon rise up next to you,
Unfortunately, she can’t even fly higher than the fence.
If the heart is suddenly given control over love,
It’s not difficult to saddle the horse of your dreams.
If there is no heart, love is homeless,
There is no love - so why should the heart beat?
If you love, then endure separation steadfastly,
While waiting for the medicine, suffer and don’t sleep!
Let your heart shrink like a rose in bud,
Sacrifice your life. And sprinkle the blood on the path!
The monks are in ecstasy, everyone in the madrasah is noisy,
Love does not require a spiritual ritual.
Even if he were a mufti and an expert in Sharia,
Where love administers judgment - all dialects are silent!
We need to drink some wine! Humanity is needed
The pain of compassion should burn like a flame!
We must study the Book of Love constantly,
So that she teaches how to be dust in front of a friend!
Wake up from your sleep! The night was created for the sacraments of love,
For throwing around your beloved’s house it’s given!
Where there are doors, they are locked at night,
Only the lovers' door is open!
When Love called me into the world,
She immediately gave me love lessons,
Magic key forged from heart particles
And she led me to the treasures of the spirit.
You took your purple color from a tulip,
The lily of youth gave you the essence.
There was a rose, it looked like you -
Having handed over her life to you, she timidly left.
There are no heads where its secret would not ripen,
The heart lives by feeling, hiding nothing.
Each tribe goes along its own path...
But love is a hurricane on the paths of existence!
What did I taste from passion for you, suffering?
Day and night I endured pain and misfortune,
My heart is bleeding and my soul is tormented,
And my eyes are wet, and I myself am exhausted.
With gold you can conquer any beauties,
So that the fruits of these meetings can be picked and tasted.
And the crown-bearing narcissist has already raised his head, -
Look! Gold can wake you up from sleep!
Who was born in the beauty of happiness to contemplate the face,
So the world will shimmer with many facets -
Decorates a dress with sewing for a beauty
And he knows how to understand the inside out of his soul!
Greenery, roses, wine were given to me by fate,
However, you are not there in this splendor of spring!
Without you I can't find consolation in anything,
Where you are, I don’t need other gifts!
You, whose appearance is fresher than wheat fields,
You are a mihrab from the temple of heaven!
When you were born, your mother washed you with ambergris,
By mixing drops of my blood into the aroma!
From the wet rose you, throwing off the bashful veil,
Brought me confusion in the form of gifts.
A hair's breadth away from your waist! Show me your face!
I'm melted like wax and ready for suffering!
It was as if you were friends with me at first,
But then she suddenly decided to quarrel with me,
I did not despair that fate had turned away:
What if you still become nice to me?
You are a mine, if you go in search of a ruby,
You are loved if you live in the hope of a date.
Delve into the essence of these words - both simple and wise:
Everything you are looking for, you will certainly find in yourself!
We were confidants at the cup of wine -
And we needed a secret when dating -
How afraid they were to disgrace themselves in their actions!
Disgraced now - the rumor is not terrible!
Your face is day, with it your curls are always in friendship,
You are the rose, and in the thorns is the trouble of separation.
Your curls are like chain mail, your eyes are like spears,
In anger you are like fire, and in love you are like water!
Oh, idol! Why did you break off the friendship?
Where was your loyalty at this time?
I wanted to grab your shalwars -
You tore my patience shirt!
The light of our eyes, the inspiration of our hearts!
Our destiny is only the torment of our hearts!
From separation, my soul suddenly rose to my lips,
The meeting alone is the healing of our hearts!
Let the whole world lie obediently before the Shah,
Hell belongs to the bad, but heaven belongs to the righteous.
Rosary for the angels, freshness for the heavenly tabernacles,
We must give our loved ones and their souls.
The Creator created two Kaabas for our faith -
Being and hearts, this is the crown of faith.
Worship the Kaaba of hearts while you can,
Above thousands of Kaaba - and one of the hearts!
I have no hope of meeting you,
No patience for a moment - what to do with yourself!
There is no courage in the heart to tell about grief...
What a wondrous passion fate has given me!
The world of love cannot be found without torment,
The path of love cannot be diverted at will.
And until you become bent over from suffering,
The essence of it is impossible to convey to consciousness!
Places where there is no wine in the purple thickets,
Where there is no beauty, who is tender and slender, -
Avoid, even if there is heaven there, -
Here's a tip. And in these words there is only wisdom.
The breezes of spring are good,
The musical harmonies of the choirs are good,
The singing of birds and the stream near the mountain are good...
But only with a sweetheart are all these gifts good!
In this world, love is the adornment of people,
To be deprived of love is to be without friends.
The one whose heart has not clung to the drink of love,
He's a donkey, at least he doesn't wear donkey ears!
It’s better to grab your beloved’s curl, caressing it,
It’s better to drink sparkling wine with her,
Before fate grabs you by the belt -
It’s better to seize this destiny yourself!
The Gurias and I are promised heaven in this world.
And the cups are full of purple wine.
Beauties and wine flee in this world
Is it reasonable if we come to them anyway?
You have eclipsed China's daughters in beauty,
Tender jasmine, your face is more tender,
Yesterday you looked at the Shah of Babylon
And she took everything: queen, rooks, knights.
How full of love I am, how wonderful is my sweet face,
How much I would say and how dumb my tongue is!
Isn't it strange, Lord? I'm thirsty
And right there a living spring flows in front of me.
Sit down, boy! Don't tease me with your beauty!
I should devour you with the fire of my eyes
You forbid... Oh, I'm like the one who hears:
“You knock over the cup, but don’t spill a drop!”
The harsh Ramadan ordered to say goodbye to wine.
Where are the fun days? We only dream about them.
Alas, the undrinkable jug stands in the basement,
And more than one harlot left untouched.
My idol, the potter sculpted you like this,
That in front of you the moon is ashamed of its charms.
Let others decorate themselves for the holiday,
You have the gift of decorating a holiday.
How long will you reproach us, you nasty hypocrite,
Because we burn with true love for the tavern?
Wine and honey make us happy, and you
Entangled in rosaries and hypocritical lies.
When a tulip trembles under the morning dew,
And low, to the ground, the violet bows,
I admire the rose: how quietly it picks up
Its semi-bud, drunk with sweet slumber!
Those who have not escaped its spell will now know happiness,
He who lies like dust at dear feet, drinks happiness in his soul.
He will torment you, he will offend you, but don’t be offended:
All that the moon-like sends us is happiness!
I love wine, I catch a moment of fun.
I am neither a believer nor a heretic.
"The bride is life, any ransom?"
- “A spring of joy flows from the heart.”
Saki*! May I be honored with the charming feathers,
Let the bitterness of wine be replaced for me with heavenly moisture.
Let Zukhra be a Changist, the interlocutor is Isa.
If the heart is not joyful, then feasting is inappropriate.
*Saki - the name of the Iranian-speaking nomadic tribes of the 1st millennium BC. e.
The sparkle of New Year's dew is beautiful on the roses,
Beloved - the best creation of the Lord - beautiful.
Should the sage regret the past, should he scold it?
Let's forget yesterday! After all, ours today is wonderful.