Stolz life ideals. Stolz's social ideals in the novel Oblomov

Who is Stolz? Goncharov does not force the reader to puzzle over this question. The first two chapters of the second part contain a detailed account of Stolz’s life and the conditions in which his active character was formed. “Stolz was only half German, on his father’s side; his mother was Russian; He professed the Orthodox faith, his native speech was Russian...” Goncharov first tries to show that Stolz is more Russian than German: after all, the most important thing is that his faith and language are the same as those of the Russians. But the further he goes, the more the qualities of a German begin to emerge in him: independence, perseverance in achieving his goals, frugality.
Stolz's unique character was formed under the influence of two forces - soft and hard, at the junction of two cultures - Russian and German. From his father he received a “hard-working, practical upbringing,” and his mother introduced him to beauty and tried to instill in little Andrei’s soul a love of art and beauty. His mother “seemed the ideal of a gentleman in her son,” and his father accustomed him to hard, not at all lordly, work.
Practical intelligence, love of life, and courage helped Stolz achieve success after he left at the insistence of his father to study in St. Petersburg...
According to Goncharov, Stolz is a new type of Russian progressive figure. However, he does not depict the hero in a specific activity. The author only informs the reader about what Stolz has been and what he has achieved. He “served, retired... went about his business,... made a house and money,... learned Europe as his estate,... saw Russia up and down,... travels into the world.”
If we talk about Stolz’s ideological position, he “sought for a balance of practical aspects with the subtle needs of the spirit.” Stolz could control his feelings and was “afraid of every dream.” Happiness for him lay in consistency. According to Goncharov, he “knew the value of rare and expensive properties and spent them so sparingly that he was called an egoist, insensitive...”. In a word, Goncharov created the kind of hero that Russia has long lacked. For the author, Stolz is the force that is capable of reviving Oblomovism and destroying Oblomovism. In my opinion, Goncharov somewhat idealizes the image of Stolz, setting him up as an example to the reader as an impeccable person. But by the end of the novel it turns out that salvation did not come to Russia with the advent of Stolz. Dobrolyubov explains this by saying that “now there is no soil for them” in Russian society. For more productive activities of the Stolts, it is necessary to reach some compromise with the Oblomovs. This is why Andrei Stolts takes Ilya Ilyich’s son into custody.
Stolz is certainly the antipode of Oblomov. Every character trait of the first is a sharp protest against the qualities of the second. Stolz loves life - Oblomov often falls into apathy; Stolz has a thirst for activity; for Oblomov, the best activity is relaxing on the couch. The origins of this opposition are in the education of heroes. Reading the description of the life of little Andrei, you involuntarily compare it with the life of Ilyusha. Thus, already at the very beginning of the novel, two completely different characters, two life paths appear before the reader...

With the aggravation of the crisis of autocracy in Russia in the mid-nineteenth century, a new wave of reformist people appeared in the country: educated, active, ready to turn this life upside down. It is precisely these “new” people in the image of Andrei Stolz in the novel “Oblomov” that the writer I.A. showed. Goncharov.

Goncharov’s work should be perceived as “a terrible blow to romanticism and dreaminess.” Life demanded “new heroes”, and they appeared - two antipodes - Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and Andrei Stolts, characters in the famous novel “Oblomov”.

Critics noted that some features of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov were copied from Goncharov himself, whom many considered lazy and spoiled. In addition, the same critics were inclined to believe that the image of Andrei Stolts, who opposes the main character, was only half-written, which gives rise to mistrust of readers. And the author himself agreed that “the image is pale, not real, not alive, but just an idea.” This was probably partly Goncharov’s own dream of a “new hero” who would replace the last “superfluous man” Oblomov. This hero was called upon to awaken this sleepy kingdom - Russia.

Andrey Stolts is a man of action. When he runs into the stuffy house of his friend Ilya Ilyich, there is a feeling that a fresh wind is rushing into the room. “Stolz’s youthful heat infected Oblomov, and he burned with a thirst for work, a distant but charming goal.”
The novel wonderfully describes two social states: rest (inactivity) and movement (activity). Their practical fruitfulness and at the same time moral security are discussed with the reader on the pages of the novel.

Andrey Stolts is a self-made man. Andrey's father is a German burgher. He raised his son under strict rules, teaching him to work and be independent, and encouraged boyish fights. Stolz's mother, a Russian noblewoman, on the contrary, sought to raise a true gentleman, a decent, clean boy. From this bizarre combination, Stolz’s character was formed: a combination of German efficiency and efficiency with Russian dreaminess and gentleness of nature. Stolz's element is constant movement. In his early thirties, he feels good only when he feels needed in all parts of the world at once. Namely, he makes a number of attempts to get Oblomov out of the swamp into which he almost voluntarily fell. “It started with the inability to put on stockings and ended with the inability to live,” Stolz says about Oblomov. Oblomov, on the contrary, had a very high opinion of his friend: “Stolz has intelligence, strength, the ability to control himself, others, and fate.” One of the important components of Stolz’s philosophy is achieving a goal by any means, regardless of obstacles. “He put persistence in achieving goals above all else.” Self-reliance, independence, and self-confidence are the basis of Andrei Stolts’ character and worldview. Thanks to Stolz’s actions, Olga Ilyinskaya appears in Oblomov’s life, who was called upon to “stir up” Ilya Ilyich. True, nothing came of this, but that’s not Stolz’s fault. At least he did everything he could to save his friend.

Oblomov is not capable of taking decisive actions, unable to change his life; Stolz, on the contrary, is always ready to act. In the end, he marries Olga Ilyinskaya himself. These two heroes are like two Russias: old and new. Which path will she choose? Will he continue to hold on to his old life or will he boldly step into the future? I.A. Goncharov did not know the answer to this question, but was sure that changes were necessary.

The true “positive hero” of Goncharov’s works is progress, inevitable movement forward. This was the “sign of the times,” the seal of the century. However, Goncharov’s “anti-romanticism” is sometimes complicated by doubts. The versatility and depth of the picture of the world created by the writer is ensured by the fact that he does not unconditionally accept the opposition between “activity” and “inactivity”; it is not without reason that Goncharov was given the definition of “objective artist”. The author presents a number of additional requirements to the heroes of the new time. In “Oblomov,” where the verdict on “Oblomovism” is pronounced, as if unexpectedly, but in fact naturally, one hears admiration for Oblomov’s heart - “this is his natural gold. He carried it through life unharmed.” Thus, social and moral results, while reinforcing each other completely, do not coincide. But, nevertheless, he had to appear - this “new hero”, Andrei Stolts - a man of action, a symbol of the new Russia.

Tasks and tests on the topic “Andrei Stolts as a “man of action.” (Based on the novel “Oblomov” by I.A. Goncharov.)”

SPP with adverbial adverbs (adverbial comparisons, manner of action, measure and degree) - Complex sentence 9th grade

Each person is individual. There are no absolutely identical people who coincide in their worldview, thoughts, and views on all aspects of life. In this respect, literary heroes are no different from real people.

Oblomov. Stolz. It seems like these are completely different people. Oblomov is slow, lazy, unfocused. Stolz is energetic, cheerful, and purposeful. But these two people love and respect each other, they are true friends. This means that they are not so different, they also have something in common that holds them together. Is it true? Are Oblomov and Stolz really antipodes?

They knew each other since childhood, since Oblomovka and Verkhlevo, where the friends lived, were nearby. But how different the situation was in these two regions! Oblomovka is a village of peace, blessings, sleep, laziness, illiteracy, stupidity. Everyone lived in it for their own pleasure, without experiencing any mental, moral or spiritual needs. The Oblomovites had no goals, no troubles; no one thought about why man and the world were created. They lived their whole lives without particularly straining, like a flat river that flows along a long-established level bed quietly, sluggishly, and there are no stones, mountains or other obstacles in its path, it never overflows more than usual, it never dries up; it begins its path somewhere, flows very calmly, without making any noise, and quietly flows into some lake. Nobody even notices that there is such a river. This is how everyone lived in Oblomovka, caring only about food and peace in their village. Few people passed through it, and there was no way for the Oblomovites to know that someone lived differently, they also had no idea about the sciences, and they didn’t need all this... Ilyusha lived among such people - beloved, protected by everyone. He was always surrounded by care and tenderness. He was not allowed to do anything on his own and in general was not allowed to do everything that any child wants, thereby involving him in the essence of Oblomov’s life. His attitude to education and science was also shaped by those around him: “learning will not go away,” the main thing is the certificate, “that Ilyusha has passed all the sciences and arts,” but the inner “light” of education was unknown to both Oblomov’s people and Ilya himself.

In Verkhlevo everything was the other way around. The manager there was Andryusha’s father, a German. Therefore, he took on everything with the pedantry characteristic of this nation, including his son. From Andryusha’s earliest childhood, Ivan Bogdanovich forced him to act independently, to look for a way out of all situations himself: from a street fight to running errands. But this does not mean that his father abandoned Andrei to the mercy of fate - no! He only directed him at the right moments towards independent development and accumulation of experience; later, he simply gave Andrei “soil” on which he could grow without anyone’s help (trips to the city, errands). And young Stolz used this “soil” and extracted maximum benefit from it. But Andryusha was raised not only by his father. The mother had completely different views on raising her son. She wanted him to grow up not as a “German burgher,” but as a highly moral and spiritual gentleman with excellent manners and “white hands.” That's why she played Hertz for him, sang about flowers, about the poetry of life, about her high calling. And this two-sided upbringing - on the one hand, hard work, practical, tough, on the other - gentle, lofty, poetic - made Stolz an outstanding person, combining hard work, energy, will, practicality, intelligence, poetry and moderate romanticism.

Yes, these two people lived in different environments, but they met as children. Therefore, from childhood, Ilya and Andrei greatly influenced each other. Andryusha liked the calmness and tranquility that Ilya gave him, who received it from Oblomovka. Ilyusha, in turn, was attracted by Andrey’s energy, ability to concentrate and do what needed to be done. This was the case when they grew up and left their native places...

It's even interesting to compare how they did it. The Oblomovites said goodbye to Ilyusha with tears, bitterness, and sadness. They provided him with a long, but very comfortable - Ilya could not do otherwise - trip among servants, treats, feather beds - as if part of Oblomovka had separated and sailed away from the village. Andrei said goodbye to his father dryly and quickly - everything that they could say to each other was clear to them without words. And the son, having learned his route, quickly drove along it. Already at this stage in the lives of friends, their divergence is visible.

What did they do when they were far from home? How did you study? How did you behave in the world? In his youth, Oblomov envisioned peace and happiness as the goal of his life; Stolz – labor, spiritual and physical strength. Therefore, Ilya perceived education as another obstacle on the way to the goal, and Andrei - as the main, integral part of life. Ilya Oblomov wanted to serve peacefully, without worries and worries “like, for example, lazy writing down income and expenses in a notebook.” For Stolz, service was a duty for which he was ready. The two friends brought this attitude from childhood. What about love? Ilya “never gave himself up to beauties, was never their slave, not even a very diligent admirer, already because getting closer to women leads to great trouble.” Andrei “was not blinded by beauty and therefore did not forget, did not humiliate the dignity of a man, was not a slave, “did not lie at the feet” of beauties, although he did not experience fiery passions.” Girls could only be his friends. Because of this same rationalism, Stolz always had friends. At first Oblomov had them too, but over time they began to tire him, and, little by little, he very much limited his social circle.

Time went on and on... Stolz developed - Oblomov “withdrew into himself.” And now they are more than thirty years old. What are they?

Stolz is super-energetic, muscular, active, standing firmly on his feet, having amassed a lot of capital for himself, a scientist, and a lot of travellers. He has friends everywhere and is respected as a strong personality. He is one of the main representatives of the trading company. He is cheerful, cheerful, hardworking... but he internally little by little gets tired of this rhythm of life. And then his childhood friend, Ilya Oblomov, helps him, whose cordiality, calmness, and tranquility allow Stolz to relax. Well, what is the second friend himself?

Ilya does not travel abroad, like Andrei, on business or out into the world. He rarely leaves the house at all. He is lazy, does not like fuss, noisy companies, he does not have a single real friend except Stolz. His main occupation is to lie on the sofa in his favorite robe among dust and dirt, sometimes in the company of people “without bread, without craft, without hands for productivity and only with a stomach for consumption, but almost always with rank and title.” This is his outer existence. But the inner life of dreams and imagination was the main thing for Ilya Ilyich. Everything that he could do in real life, Oblomov does in dreams and dreams - only without physical effort and special mental effort.

What is life for Oblomov? Obstacles, burdens, worries that interfere with peace and blessings. And for Stolz? Enjoyment of any form, and if you don’t like it, Stolz easily changes it.

For Andrei Ivanovich, the basis of everything is reason and work. For Oblomov - happiness and tranquility. And in love they are the same... Both friends fell in love with the same girl. In my opinion, Ilya Ilyich fell in love with Olga simply because his untouched heart had been waiting for love for a long time. Stolz fell in love with her not with his heart, but with his mind; he fell in love with Olga’s experience, maturity, and intelligence. The prospect of family life in Oblomov’s understanding is to live life happily and cheerfully, without worries, without labor, “so that today is like yesterday.” For Stolz, marriage with Olga Sergeevna brought mental happiness, and with it spiritual and physical happiness. This is how he lived the rest of his life - in harmony of mind, soul, heart with Olga. And Oblomov, having “decayed” completely, married a woman who can hardly be called a human being. He exchanged Olga's intelligence, maturity, and will for the round elbows of Agafya Matveevna, who had no idea about the existence of qualities thanks to which a Man can be called a man. I believe that this is the highest point of differences between Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and Andrei Ivanovich Stolz.

These two people are childhood friends. At first, because of this, they were similar and united in many aspects of life. But over time, when Ilya and Andrey grew up, Oblomovka and Verkhlevo - two opposites - had their effect on them, and the friends began to differ more and more. Their relationship endured many blows, but their childhood friendship kept them strong. But at the end of their life’s journey they became so different that further normal, full-fledged maintenance of relationships turned out to be impossible, and they had to be forgotten. Of course, throughout their lives, Oblomov and Stolz were antipodes, antipodes, held together by childhood friendship and torn apart by different upbringings.

Lifeideals of Oblomov and Stolz

All his life I. A. Goncharov dreamed of people finding harmony of feeling and reason. He reflected on the strength and poverty of “man oncemind”, about the charm and weakness of the “man of the heart”.In Oblomov this idea became one of the leading ones,In this novel, two types of male characters are contrasted: passive and weak Oblomov, withhis golden heart and pure soul, and the energetic Stolz, capable of overcoming any obstaclesstanding by the power of your mind and will. However, whatGoncharov’s human ideal is not personifiedvan in none of them. Stolz doesn't seemto the writer a more complete personality than OLomov, whom he also looks at “sobereyes." Unbiasedly exposing the “extremes”nature of both, Goncharov advocated thisthe integrity of the human spiritual world with all the diversity of its manifestations.

Each of the main characters of the novel had his own understanding the meaning of life, your life ideasgoals that they dreamed of realizing. At firstnarrative Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is a little over thirty years old, he is a pillar nobleman, possessestel of three hundred and fifty souls of serfs baptismyang he inherited. Having served after graduating from Moscow University for threeyears in one of the capital's departments, heretired with the rank of collegiate secretary.Since then he lived in St. Petersburg without a break. Novelbegins with a description of one of his days, his habits and character. Oblomov's life to thattime has turned into a lazy crawlingfrom day to day". Having withdrawn from active activity, he lay on the sofa and irritablyargued with Zakhar, the serf servant, whory looked after him. Revealing socialroots of Oblomovism, Goncharov shows that

“It all started with the inability to put on stockings, and then it was an inability to live.”

Brought up in the patriarchal nobility family, Ilya Ilyich perceived life in ObloMovka, his family estate, with and without her peaceacting as the ideal of a human beingnia. The standard of life was ready and taught to the regionto the Movites by their parents, and they adopted it from their parents. The three main acts of life constantly played out before the eyes of little Ilyusha in childhood; birthplaces, weddings, funerals. Then next their units were given: christenings, name days,family holidays. Focuses on thisall the pathos of life. This was the “shi”fateful expanse of aristocratic life" with her holidaysity, which forever became the ideal of life for Ob Lomov A.

All Oblomovites treated work as a punishment and did not like it, considering it something humiliating nom. Therefore, life in the eyes of Ilya Ilyich oncewas divided into two halves. One consisted of laborand boredom, and these were synonyms for him.The other is from peace and peaceful fun. In Ob Lomov ke Ilya Ilyich was also instilled with a feelingin superiority over other people. "Another"cleans his own boots, dresses himself, runs away himselfThat's what you need. This “other” has towork tirelessly. Ilyusha was “brought up to be gentle”but he did not endure cold or hunger, he did not needknew, he didn’t earn his own bread, he did dirty workI didn’t study.” And he considered studying a punishment sent by heaven for sins, and avoided schoolclasses whenever possible. After graduating from university university, he no longer worked on his education, was not interested in science, art, or politics.

When Oblomov was young, he expected a lot from fate, and from oneself. Prepared to serve to the fatherland, to play a prominent role in public

life, dreamed of family happiness. But the days went by days after day, and he was still getting ready to start life, everythingI pictured my future in my mind. However, “the flower of life blossomed and did not bear fruit.”

The future service did not seem to him in the form of harsh activities, but in the form of some kind of “families”"nothing to do." It seemed to him that the officialsemployees together form a friendly and closea family, all members of which are tirelessly concerned about mutual pleasure. However, his youthfulthe ideas were deceived. Not youfaced with difficulties, he resigned, servedliving only three years and having accomplished nothing significant body

Only Stolz's youthful fervor could still strike Oblomov, and in his dreams he sometimes burned fromthirst for labor and a distant but attractive placewhether. It happened, lying on the sofa, it would flare upthe desire to point out to humanity its vices.He will quickly change two or three poses, with shiningwith his eyes he will sit up in bed and be inspiredlooks around. It seems that his high wuxiThis will soon turn into a feat and bring good consequences to humanity. Sometimes he imagineshimself as an invincible commander: he invents a war, organizes new crusades, performs feats of goodness and generosity. Or, imagininghimself as a thinker, an artist, in his imaginationreaps laurels in battle, everyone worships him,the crowd is chasing him. However, in reality he was notable to understand how to manage one's ownestate and easily became the prey of such swindlers as Tarantyev and his brother tying mistress.

Over time, he developed remorse that did not give him peace. He was in pain for his underdevelopment, for the heaviness that hindered himlive. He was torn by envy that others lived like thisfull and wide, but something prevents him from walking boldly

through life. He painfully felt that it was good neck and the light principle is buried in it, as in a grave. He tried to find the culprit outside himself and did not finddil. However, apathy and indifference are quickly replaced there is restlessness in his soul, and he again peacefullyslept on his sofa.

Even love for Olga did not revive him to praxis. tic life. Faced with the needthe ability to act, overcoming obstacles that stand in the waydifficulties, he got scared and retreated. Having settledstaying on the Vyborg side, he left himself entirely to the care of Agafya Pshenitsyna, windowscompletely withdrawn from active life.

Besides this inability brought up by the nobility, Oblomov is prevented from being active by many other things.goe. He really feels objectively the existing disconnection between the “poetic” and"practical" in life, and this is the reason for his bitter disappointment. He is outraged that the highest meaning of human existence in society is often replaced by a false, imaginarycontent" Although Oblomov has nothing to object toStolz's reproaches, some kind of spiritual righteousness for included in Ilya Ilyich’s confession that he I couldn't understand this life.

If at the beginning of the novel Goncharov says more speaks about Oblomov’s laziness, then at the end the theme of Oblomov’s “heart of gold” sounds more and more insistently,which he carried unharmed through life. NotOblomov's happiness is connected not only with socialenvironment, the influence of which he could not resistyat. It is also contained in the “disastrous excess of hearts”tsa". Gentleness, delicacy, vulnerability of the hero disarm his will and make him powerless in front of people and circumstances.

As opposed to passive and empty The enthusiastic Oblomov Stolz conceived a carrum as a completely unusual figure, Gonchathe moat sought to make it attractive to

reader with its “efficiency”, rational practicality. These qualities have not yet beencharacteristic of heroes of Russian literature.

The son of a German burgher and a Russian noblewoman, Andrey Stolts since childhood thanks to his father Paultaught labor and practical education. It's incombined with the poetic influence of his mothermade him a special person. UnlikeOutwardly round Oblomov, Stolz was thin, all muscle and nerves. From himthere was a breath of freshness and strength. there was nothing superfluous in his baseness, and in his dispositionin the main directions of his life he was looking forbalancing practical aspects with subtletiesthe needs of the spirit." “He walked through life firmly”cheerfully, lived on a budget, trying to spend everyevery day, like every ruble.” He attributed the reason for any failure to himself, “and not to others.”shrouded like a caftan on someone else’s nail.” He strivedto develop a simple and direct view oflife. Most of all he was afraid of imagination,"this two-faced companion", and every dream,therefore, everything mysterious and mysterious is notthere was room in his soul. Everything that does not exposeanalysis of experience, does not correspond to practicalTo be honest, he considered it a deception. The work was goodzom, content, element and purpose of his lifeneither. Above all, he placed perseverance inpursuing goals: it was a sign of characterin his eyes. According to the author, the individualsThe future must belong to Stolz:“How many Stoltsevs should appear under Russian by our names!

Emphasizing rationalism and strong-willed qualities of his hero, Goncharov, however, was aware of the grayStolz's callousness. Apparently a man“budget”, emotionally contained within strict and tight limits, is not Goncharov’s hero, the Writer speaks about “moral principles” personally

ty of your hero as about the physiological work of ganism or about the performance of official dutiesnews You cannot “send” friendly feelings.However, in relation to Stolz and Oblomov, thisthere is a tint.

In the development of the action, Stolz little by little talks about reveals himself as “not a hero.” For Goncharov, whory sang the holy recklessness of Chatsky andclearly understood the anxiety of great spiritualrequests, this was a sign of internal insufficiency. Lack of a high goal, understandingthe meaning of human life is constantly being revealedswears, despite the vigorous activityStolz in the practical sphere. He has nothing to sayask Oblomov in response to the confession that hea friend did not find meaning in the life around him. Having received Olga's consent to the marriage, Stolz pronouncedsits puzzling words: “Everything has been found, nothinglook, there is nowhere else to go.” And later he will carefully try to persuade the alarmedOlga resigns herself to the "rebellious issue"mi", excluding the "Faustian" from your life anxiety.

Remaining objective towards everyone to his heroes, the writer explores the innercapabilities of different contemporary peopleChinese types, finding strength and weakness in each ofthem. However, Russian reality is not yetwaited for her true hero. According to DoBrolyubova, a real historical case in Russiathis was not in the sphere of practicality and practicality, butin the sphere of struggle for renewal of public managementokay. Active existence and new, active new people were still just a prospect, alreadyvery close, but still not realstu. It has already become clear which person is not neededRussia" but that kind of deactivity and the type of figure that it requires are.

Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" was highly appreciated by critics of the second half of the 19th century. In particular, Belinsky noted that the work was timely and reflected the socio-political thought of the 50-60s of the nineteenth century. Two lifestyles - Oblomov and Stolz - are discussed in this article in comparison.

Characteristics of Oblomov

Ilya Ilyich was distinguished by his desire for peace and inaction. Oblomov cannot be called interesting and varied: he is used to spending most of the day thinking, lying on the sofa. Immersed in these thoughts, he often did not rise from his bed all day, did not go outside, did not find out the latest news. He didn’t read newspapers on principle, so as not to bother himself with unnecessary, and most importantly, meaningless information. Oblomov can be called a philosopher; he is concerned with other questions: not everyday, not momentary, but eternal, spiritual. He looks for meaning in everything.

When you look at him, you get the impression that he is a happy freethinker, not burdened by the hardships and problems of external life. But life “touches, gets at” Ilya Ilyich everywhere, makes him suffer. Dreams remain just dreams, because he does not know how to translate them into real life. Even reading tires him: Oblomov has many books he has started, but all of them remain unread and misunderstood. The soul seems to be dormant in him: he avoids unnecessary worries, worries, worries. In addition, Oblomov often compares his calm, solitary existence with the lives of other people and finds that it is not suitable to live the way others live: “When to live?”

This is what Oblomov’s ambiguous image represents. “Oblomov” (I.A. Goncharov) was created with the aim of depicting the personality of this character - extraordinary and extraordinary in its own way. He is no stranger to impulses and deep emotional experiences. Oblomov is a true dreamer with a poetic, sensitive nature.

Characteristics of Stolz

Oblomov’s lifestyle cannot be compared with Stolz’s worldview. The reader first meets this character in the second part of the work. Andrei Stolts loves order in everything: his day is scheduled by hours and minutes, dozens of important things are planned that urgently need to be redone. Today he is in Russia, tomorrow, you see, he has unexpectedly left abroad. What Oblomov finds boring and meaningless is important and significant for him: trips to cities, villages, intentions to improve the quality of life of those around him.

He discovers such treasures in his soul that Oblomov cannot even guess about. Stolz's lifestyle consists entirely of activities that feed his entire being with the energy of vivacity. In addition, Stolz is a good friend: more than once he helped Ilya Ilyich in business matters. The lifestyles of Oblomov and Stolz are different from each other.

What is “Oblomovism”?

As a social phenomenon, the concept denotes a focus on idle, monotonous, devoid of color and any changes in life. Andrei Stolts called “Oblomovism” Oblomov’s very way of life, his desire for endless peace and the absence of any activity. Despite the fact that his friend constantly pushed Oblomov to the possibility of changing his way of existence, he did not budge at all, as if he did not have enough energy to do it. At the same time, we see that Oblomov admits his mistake, uttering the following words: “I have long been ashamed to live in the world.” He feels useless, unnecessary and abandoned, and therefore he does not want to wipe the dust off the table, sort out books that have been lying around for a month, or leave the apartment once again.

Love in Oblomov's understanding

Oblomov’s lifestyle did not contribute in any way to finding real, rather than fictitious, happiness. He dreamed and made plans more than he actually lived. Amazingly, in his life there was a place for quiet rest, philosophical reflection on the essence of existence, but there was a lack of strength for decisive action and the implementation of intentions. Love for Olga Ilyinskaya temporarily pulls Oblomov out of his usual existence, forces him to try new things, and begin to take care of himself. He even forgets his old habits and sleeps only at night, and does business during the day. But still, love in Oblomov’s worldview is directly related to dreams, thoughts and poetry.

Oblomov considers himself unworthy of love: he doubts whether Olga can love him, whether he is suitable enough for her, whether he is capable of making her happy. Such thoughts lead him to sad thoughts about his useless life.

Love in Stolz's understanding

Stolz approaches the issue of love more rationally. He does not indulge in ephemeral dreams in vain, since he looks at life soberly, without fantasy, without the habit of analyzing. Stolz is a business man. He doesn’t need romantic walks in the moonlight, loud declarations of love and sighs on the bench, because he is not Oblomov. Stolz's lifestyle is very dynamic and pragmatic: he proposes to Olga at the moment when he realizes that she is ready to accept him.

What did Oblomov come to?

As a result of his protective and cautious behavior, Oblomov misses the opportunity to build a close relationship with Olga Ilyinskaya. His marriage was upset shortly before the wedding - Oblomov took too long to gather, explain, ask himself, compare, estimate, analyze. The characterization of the image of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov teaches not to repeat the mistakes of an idle, aimless existence, and raises the question of what love really is? Is she the object of lofty, poetic aspirations, or is she the calm joy and peace that Oblomov finds in the house of the widow Agafya Pshenitsyna?

Why did Oblomov’s physical death occur?

The result of Ilya Ilyich’s philosophical reflections is this: he chose to bury his former aspirations and even lofty dreams. with Olga his life focused on everyday existence. He knew no greater joy than to eat deliciously and sleep after dinner. Gradually, the engine of his life began to stop, to calm down: ailments and incidents became more frequent. Even his previous thoughts left him: there was no longer room for them in the quiet room, like a coffin, in all this sluggish life, which lulled Oblomov, increasingly removed him from reality. Mentally this man was already dead for a long time. Physical death was only a confirmation of the falsity of his ideals.

Stolz's achievements

Stolz, unlike Oblomov, did not miss his chance to become happy: he built family well-being with Olga Ilyinskaya. This marriage took place out of love, in which Stolz did not fly into the clouds, did not remain in destructive illusions, but acted more than reasonably and responsibly.

The lifestyles of Oblomov and Stolz are diametrically opposed and opposed to each other. Both characters are unique, inimitable and significant in their own way. This may explain the strength of their friendship over the years.

Each of us is close to either the Stolz or Oblomov type. There is nothing wrong with this, and the coincidences will probably only be partial. Those who are deep, who love to think about the essence of life, will most likely understand Oblomov’s experiences, his restless mental tossing and searching. Business pragmatists who have left romance and poetry far behind will begin to personify themselves with Stolz.

Lifeideals of Oblomov and Stolz

“It all started with the inability to put on stockings, and then it was an inability to live.”

When Oblomov was young, he expected a lot from fate, and from oneself. Prepared to serve to the fatherland, to play a prominent role in public

As opposed to passive and empty The enthusiastic Oblomov Stolz conceived a carrum as a completely unusual figure, Gonchathe moat sought to make it attractive to

reader with its “efficiency”, rational practicality. These qualities have not yet beencharacteristic of heroes of Russian literature.

Annex 1

Sudbinsky

Irrelevant connections

Significant connections

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Appendix 2

Worksheet #1

Criterion
Appearance (when they appeared before the reader)	"...about thirty-two- three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glowed throughout his face."		the same age as Oblomov, “thin, he has almost no cheeks at all, ... his complexion is even, dark and no blush; although his eyes a little greenish, but expressive"
Origin	from a wealthy noble family with patriarchal traditions. His parents, like grandfathers, did nothing: serfs worked for them		a native of the philistine class (his father left Germany, traveled around Switzerland and settled in Russia, becoming the manager of an estate). Sh. graduates from the university with flying colors, successfully serves, retires to take care of his own business; makes a house and money. He is a member of a trading company that ships goods abroad; as an agent of the company, Sh. travels to Belgium, England, and throughout Russia. Sh.'s image is built on the basis of the idea of balance, harmonious correspondence between the physical and spiritual, mind and feeling, suffering and pleasure. The ideal of Sh. is measure and harmony in work, life, rest, love.( or... from a poor family: the father (Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, the mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman
Upbringing	His parents wanted to present Ilyusha with all the benefits “somehow cheaper, with various tricks.” His parents taught him to be idle and quiet (they didn’t let him pick up a dropped item, get dressed, or pour water for himself). the stigma of slavery. in the family there was a cult of food, and after eating there was a sound sleep		his father gave him the education he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early and sent away his son, who had graduated from the university. his father taught him that the main things in life are money, rigor and accuracy
	Oblomov is not even were released onto the street. “What about servants?” Soon Ilya himself realized that it was calmer and more convenient to give orders. The dexterous, active child is constantly stopped by his parents and nanny for fear that the boy will “fall, hurt himself” or catch a cold; he was cherished like a hothouse flower. “Those seeking manifestations of power turned inward and sank, withering away.”		"Tearing himself away from the pointer, he ran to destroy the birds nests with boys"
Education	They studied in a small boarding school located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhleve. Both graduated from university in Moscow
			From the age of eight, he sat with his father at the geographical map, sorted through the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, townspeople and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, learned Krylov’s fables and sorted through the warehouses of Telemachus
Embedded program	Dream. Vegetation and sleep - the passive principle found solace in his favorite “conciliatory and soothing” words “maybe”, “maybe” and “somehow” and protected himself with them from misfortunes. He was ready to shift the matter to anyone, without caring about its outcome or the integrity of the chosen person (this is how he trusted the scammers who robbed his estate)		Stolz was afraid to dream, his happiness was in constancy, energy and vigorous activity were an active beginning
Activity	“For Ilya Ilych, lying down was neither a necessity, like that of a sick person or like a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like that of someone who is tired, nor a pleasure, like that of a lazy person: it was his normal state.”		“He is constantly on the move: if society needs to send an agent to Belgium or England, they send him; if they need to write some project or adapt a new idea to business, they choose him. Meanwhile, he goes out into the world and reads.”
Outlook on life	“Life: life is good!” says Oblomov, “What is there to look for? The interests of the mind, the heart? Look where the center around which all this revolves: it’s not there, there’s nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society!... Don't they sleep sitting all their lives? Why am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting their heads with threes and jacks? "		Stolz experiences life and asks her: “What to do? Where to go next?” And it goes! Without Oblomov...
	The kind, lazy person is most concerned about his own peace. For him, happiness is complete peace and good food. he spends his life on the sofa without taking off his comfortable robe. does nothing, is not interested in anything, loves to withdraw into himself and live in the world of dreams and dreams he created, the amazing childlike purity of his soul and introspection, the embodiment of gentleness and meekness worthy of a philosopher		strong and smart, he is in constant activity and does not disdain the most menial work. Thanks to his hard work, willpower, patience and enterprise, he became a rich and famous man. a real “iron” character was formed. But in some ways he resembles a machine, a robot, a rather dry rationalist
Test of love	“Life is poetry. People are free to distort it!” I was afraid that I was unworthy of love. He needs not equal love, but maternal love (the kind that Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him)		he needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya). I’m glad that I met her abroad, I’m glad that she listens to him and doesn’t even notice that sometimes she doesn’t understand Olga’s sadness
	"Two Faces" by Oblomov
	Honesty, conscientiousness, kindness, meekness, striving for ideals, dreaminess, “heart of gold”	Infantility, lack of will, inability to act, apathy, slowness, “Russian laziness”

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Appendix 3
Worksheet #2
criteria	upbringing	the purpose of life	activities	attitude to a woman	family	vital
	“I’m a master, and I don’t know how to do anything.” Oblomovka is the ideal of life. Love and affection of relatives.	"the poetic ideal of life;" the goal was - “all life is thought and work”; Now: “What is my goal? I don’t have one.” There is no high goal.	Drawing up a plan for the reconstruction of the estate; "volcanic work of an ardent head"; "not used to movement."	"was not their slave, worshiped from afar"; "recognized her power and rights"; woman mother and never-lover.	wife, children, kind friends sadly, chores around the house are in dreams; "he has nowhere else to go, nothing to look for, the ideal of his life has come true, although without poetry" - life with Pshenitsyna.	"...the soul is not torn, the mind sleeps peacefully."
	“labor, practical education”; “no one to bless”; opportunity Determine your own path in life.	“work is the goal of life”; Stolz's life with Oblomov's point of view: "daily empty shuffle There is no high goal.	"He doesn't have any extra movements. was"; "I went to sit on Oblomov's wide sofa and take away and calm an alarmed or tired soul..." empty vanity, in the end - "as if I was living a second time."	“Life and work itself are the goal of life, not a woman”; "he doesn't want- bodies of impetuous passion, as Oblomov did not want it”; “he dreamed of a creative mother”; “he was not a slave, did not experience fiery joys.”	"there was silence, the impulses have subsided"; "everything as I dreamed and Oblomov."	"We are not titans... we won't go to daring fight with rebellious questions, we will not accept their challenge, we will bow our heads and Let us humbly endure this difficult moment."
			Double in pain Shay degree.
problematic question.	“Stolz, at a high stage of his active life, turned out to be the same Oblomov...” (Ya.I. Kuleshov.)

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Lesson-research summary

"Oblomov and Stolz (based on the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov")"

1. Educational: check and evaluate homework completion; analyze the image of Oblomov; analyze the image of Stolz; select criteria for comparing characters; draw conclusions and formulate them in a short written work.

2. Developmental: develop skills in working with literary text; develop the skill of analyzing a character in a work of fiction; improve the skills of pair and independent work; improve students' logical and creative thinking; create a psychologically comfortable environment in the classroom.

3. Educational: continue to instill a sense of respect for Russian literature of the 19th century; to cultivate a caring attitude towards the creative heritage of Russian literature; develop the ability to listen and hear each other.

Form of work: lesson-research, conversation, analysis of literary text.

Teaching methods: heuristic, explanatory and illustrative.

Lesson type: combined.

Literary concepts: main character, character, portrait, speech, interior, comparative characteristics.

Interdisciplinary connections: history, music.

Equipment: portrait of I.A. Goncharov, illustrations for the novel "Oblomov", projector, screen, handouts, presentation in MS.ppt format.

During the classes:

1. Greeting. Goal setting.

Teacher's word: Our lesson today will be dedicated to two characters from the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" is Ilya Ilyich himself and his childhood friend Andrei Stolts. Let's think together and decide what we will explore during today's lesson. After all, it is stated as a lesson-research.

Student answers: We must analyze the images of Oblomov and Stolz, select criteria for comparing them, and draw a conclusion.

Teacher's word: Well done! In addition, at the end of our lesson, we will write down the resulting conclusions and try to supplement them ourselves as part of a little independent work.

2. Motivation.

Teacher's word: One of the components of the characteristics of a literary hero is his relationship with other characters, which helps in many ways to understand this hero. We have already studied in previous lessons the characterization of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, briefly touching on the image of another character - Andrei Stolts. To continue working on compiling a characterization of Oblomov, you and I must correlate the names of the characters in the novel with the philosophical concepts of “interconnection”, “essential connections”, “non-essential connections”. ( Annex 1. ) To do this, let’s first remember what these concepts mean.

Student answers: Interrelation is the mutual connection of objects, phenomena, etc. with each other, their dependence on each other.

Essential connections are those connections that are the most significant in the relationship between someone or something.

Non-essential connections are those connections that do not play any role in revealing the character's character.

Teacher's word: Next you will need to determine what connections between the characters in the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov", will be significant and which will not. We draw a diagram in our notebooks. The work is in pairs. When answering, you will need to justify your opinion.

(Students work with the diagram, as a result they come to the conclusion that among the characters presented, only Olga and Andrei have a significant connection with Oblomov, since it was Ilyinskaya and Stolz who could change Oblomov’s lifestyle.)

Teacher's word: Do you think Oblomov himself is ready to change his life? Prove it with text.

Student response: Yes, since the text contains a quote: “Give me your will and mind and lead me wherever you want. Maybe I’ll follow you...”

Teacher's word: In the lesson we must analyze the relationship between Oblomov and Stolz. Let's formulate the problematic questions of the lesson.

Student answers : 1) Why didn’t Andrei Stolts manage to change Ilya Oblomov’s lifestyle?

2) Andrei Stolts - the antipode or double of Ilya Oblomov?

If students formulate only the first (problem) question, the teacher helps with the formulation of the second question: this research question is more specific and helps answer the problem question of the lesson. Students write down the topic and questions of the lesson in their notebooks.

3. Studying new material. Study. Work in groups.

Teacher's word: To answer the question “Is Andrei Stolts the antipode or double of Ilya Oblomov?” we need to formulate the criteria by which we will compare or contrast the characters, and give the meaning of the words “antipode” and “double”. Let's start by defining the terms. (Implementation of homework.)

Students' words: Antipode – (Greek antipodes - feet facing feet). 1. plural only Inhabitants of two opposite points of the earth, two opposite ends of one of the diameters of the globe (geographical). 2. to someone or something. A person of opposite properties, tastes or beliefs (book). He is the perfect antipode of him or he is the perfect antipode of him.

A double is a person who has complete similarities with another (both a man and a woman).

Teacher's word: OK, thank you. Now let's turn to the criteria by which the writer characterizes Stolz and Oblomov, which you were able to identify while reading the text.

Student answers: Appearance (when they appeared before the reader), origin, upbringing, education, laid down program, outlook on life, characteristics of the author, test of love.

Teacher's word: It is by these criteria that we will characterize and compare the characters. Plus, I propose adding one more criterion to the table - “Two faces of Oblomov.”

4. Work in groups (3 groups).

In accordance with these criteria for comparing heroes, students are given a research task:

1) each group choose 2 criteria for comparing heroes (if the guys cannot do this themselves, then the teacher distributes the tasks himself);

3) find material for comparison according to this criterion (write out quotes);

4) give an answer to the research question “Andrei Stolts – an antipode or double of Ilya Oblomov?”;

5) formulate an answer to the problematic question of the lesson “Why didn’t Andrei Stolts manage to change Ilya Oblomov’s lifestyle?”;

6) create a worksheet.

5. Exchange of information.

After the research, the guys exchange information using worksheets (Appendix 2, Appendix 3.)

6. Summing up.

Teacher's word: We see that Andrei Stolts is Ilya Oblomov’s double by most criteria. This will also be the reason why Andrei could not change the life of Ilya Oblomov.

7. Reflection. Assessment.

8. Homework assignment.

A written answer to the question “Why did Olga choose Stolz over Oblomy?”

Time went on and on... Stolz developed - Oblomov “withdrew into himself.” And now they are more than thirty years old. What are they?

What is life for Oblomov? Obstacles, burdens, worries that interfere with peace and blessings. And for Stolz? Enjoyment of any form, and if you don’t like it, Stolz easily changes it.

Oblomov and Stolz

Stolz is the antipode of Oblomov (The principle of antithesis)

The entire figurative system of I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” is aimed at revealing the character and essence of the main character. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is a bored gentleman lying on the sofa, dreaming of transformations and a happy life with his family, but doing nothing to make his dreams come true. The antipode of Oblomov in the novel is the image of Stolz. Andrei Ivanovich Stolts is one of the main characters, a friend of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, the son of Ivan Bogdanovich Stolts, a Russified German who manages an estate in the village of Verkhlev, which is five miles from Oblomovka. The first two chapters of the second part contain a detailed account of Stolz’s life and the conditions in which his active character was formed.

1. General features:

a) age (“Stolz is the same age as Oblomov and is already over thirty”);

b) religion;

c) training at the boarding house of Ivan Stolz in Verchlöw;

d) service and quick retirement;

e) love for Olga Ilyinskaya;

f) kind attitude towards each other.

2. Various features:

A ) portrait;

Oblomov . “He was a man about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with absence of any definite idea, any concentration in facial features.”

«… flabby beyond his years: from lack of movement or air. In general, his body, judging by its matte finish, too white neck, small plump arms, soft shoulders, seemed too effeminate for a man. His movements, even when he was alarmed, were also restrained softness and not devoid of a kind of graceful laziness.”

Stolz- the same age as Oblomov, he is already over thirty. The portrait of Sh. contrasts with the portrait of Oblomov: “He is all made up of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blooded English horse. He is thin, he has almost no cheeks at all, that is, bone and muscle, but no sign of fatty roundness...”

Getting acquainted with the portrait characteristics of this hero, we understand that Stolz is a strong, energetic, purposeful person who is alien to daydreaming. But this almost ideal personality resembles a mechanism, not a living person, and this repels the reader.

b) parents, family;

Oblomov's parents are Russian; he grew up in a patriarchal family.

Stolz comes from the philistine class (his father left Germany, wandered around Switzerland and settled in Russia, becoming the manager of an estate). “Stolz was only half German, on his father’s side; his mother was Russian; He professed the Orthodox faith, his native speech was Russian...” The mother was afraid that Stolz, under the influence of his father, would become a rude burgher, but Stolz’s Russian entourage prevented him.

c) education;

Oblomov moved “from hugs to hugs of family and friends,” his upbringing was patriarchal in nature.

Ivan Bogdanovich raised his son strictly: “From the age of eight, he sat with his father at the geographical map, sorted through the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, townspeople and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, learned Krylov’s fables and sorted through Telemachus’ warehouses.”

When Stolz grew up, his father began to take him to the field, to the market, and forced him to work. Then Stolz began sending his son to the city on errands, “and it never happened that he forgot something, changed it, overlooked it, or made a mistake.”

Upbringing, like education, was dual: dreaming that his son would grow up to be a “good bursh,” the father in every possible way encouraged boyish fights, without which the son could not do a day. If Andrei appeared without a lesson prepared “by heart,” Ivan Bogdanovich sent his son back to where he came from - and every time young Stlts returned with the lessons he had learned.

From his father he received a “hard-working, practical upbringing,” and his mother introduced him to beauty and tried to instill in little Andrei’s soul a love of art and beauty. His mother “seemed the ideal of a gentleman in her son,” and his father accustomed him to hard, not at all lordly, work.

d) attitude towards studying at a boarding house;

Oblomov studied “out of necessity”, “serious reading tired him”, “but the poets touched... a nerve”

Stolz always studied well and was interested in everything. And he was a tutor at his father's boarding school

e) further education;

Oblomov lived in Oblomovka until he was twenty, then graduated from the university.

Stolz graduated from the university with flying colors. Parting with his father, who was sending him from Verkhlev to St. Petersburg, Stolz. says that he will certainly follow his father’s advice and go to Ivan Bogdanovich’s old friend Reingold - but only when he, Stolz, has a four-story house, like Reingold. Such independence and independence, as well as self-confidence. - the basis of the character and worldview of the younger Stolz, which his father so ardently supports and which Oblomov so lacks.

f) lifestyle;

“Ilya Ilyich’s lying down was his normal state.”

Stolz has a thirst for activity

g) housekeeping;

Oblomov did not do business in the village, received little income and lived on credit.

Stolz serves successfully, resigns to do his own business; makes a house and money. He is a member of a trading company that ships goods abroad; as an agent of the company, Sh. travels to Belgium, England, and throughout Russia.

h) life aspirations;

In his youth, Oblomov “prepared for the field,” thought about his role in society, about family happiness, then he excluded social activities from his dreams, his ideal became a carefree life in unity with nature, family, and friends.

Stolz chose an active beginning in his youth... Stolz’s ideal of life is continuous and meaningful work, this is “the image, content, element and purpose of life.”

i) views on society;

Oblomov believes that all members of the world and society are “dead men, sleeping people”; they are characterized by insincerity, envy, the desire to “get a high-profile rank” by any means; he is not a supporter of progressive forms of farming.

According to Stolz, with the help of the establishment of “schools”, “piers”, “fairs”, “highways”, the old, patriarchal “detritus” should be turned into comfortable estates that generate income.

j) attitude towards Olga;

Oblomov wanted to see a loving woman capable of creating a serene family life.

Stolz marries Olga Ilyinskaya, and Goncharov tries in their active alliance, full of work and beauty, to imagine an ideal family, a true ideal, which fails in Oblomov’s life: “they worked together, had lunch, went to the fields, played music as Oblomov also dreamed of... Only there was no drowsiness, no despondency among them, they spent their days without boredom and without apathy; there was no sluggish look, no words; their conversation never ended, it was often heated.”

k) relationship and mutual influence;

Oblomov considered Stoltz his only friend, capable of understanding and helping, he listened to his advice, but Stoltz failed to break Oblomovism.

Stolz highly appreciated the kindness and sincerity of the soul of his friend Oblomov. Stolz does everything to awaken Oblomov to activity. In friendship with Oblomov Stolz. also rose to the occasion: he replaced the rogue manager, destroyed the machinations of Tarantiev and Mukhoyarov, who deceived Oblomov into signing a false loan letter.

Oblomov is accustomed to living according to Stolz’s orders; in the smallest matters, he needs the advice of a friend. Without Stoltz, Ilya Ilyich cannot decide on anything, however, Oblomov is in no hurry to follow Stoltz’s advice: their concepts of life, work, and application of strength are too different.

After the death of Ilya Ilyich, a friend takes in Oblomov’s son, Andryusha, named after him.

m) self-esteem ;

Oblomov constantly doubted himself. Stolz never doubts himself.

m) character traits ;

Oblomov is inactive, dreamy, sloppy, indecisive, soft, lazy, apathetic, and not devoid of subtle emotional experiences.

Stolz is active, sharp, practical, neat, loves comfort, open in spiritual manifestations, reason prevails over feeling. Stolz could control his feelings and was “afraid of every dream.” Happiness for him lay in consistency. According to Goncharov, he “knew the value of rare and expensive properties and spent them so sparingly that he was called an egoist, insensitive...”.

The meaning of the images of Oblomov and Stolz.

Goncharov reflected in Oblomov the typical features of the patriarchal nobility. Oblomov absorbed the contradictory features of the Russian national character.

Stolz in Goncharov’s novel was given the role of a person capable of breaking Oblomovism and reviving the hero. According to critics, the unclear idea of Goncharov about the role of “new people” in society led to the unconvincing image of Stolz. According to Goncharov, Stolz is a new type of Russian progressive figure. However, he does not depict the hero in a specific activity. The author only informs the reader about what Stolz has been and what he has achieved. By showing Stolz's Parisian life with Olga, Goncharov wants to reveal the breadth of his views, but in fact reduces the hero

So, the image of Stolz in the novel not only clarifies the image of Oblomov, but is also interesting to readers for its originality and complete opposite to the main character. Dobrolyubov says about him: “He is not the person who will be able, in a language understandable to the Russian soul, to tell us this almighty word “forward!” Dobrolyubov, like all revolutionary democrats, saw the ideal of a “man of action” in serving the people, in the revolutionary struggle. Stolz is far from this ideal. However, next to Oblomov and Oblomovism, Stolz was still a progressive phenomenon.

In the novel “Oblomov” by I. A. Goncharov, Andrei Stolts is the antipode of Oblomov. Every feature of Stolz is a blatant protest against the qualities of Oblomov. The first loves an active and interesting life, the second often falls into apathy, he is like a snail that is afraid to get out of its shell.

The difference in the characters and life ideals of Oblomov and Stolz was laid down in childhood. Stolz received a strict European upbringing. From childhood, he was instilled with good manners, taught to behave in society, forced to read various books, learn poems.
Upbringing

It had a great influence on Andrei, he is constantly on the move, goes out into the world, reads smart books: “In the moral activities of his life, he sought a balance of practical aspects with the subtle needs of the spirit.” Stolz lived according to a precise plan, according to a budget; there was nothing superfluous in his actions: “He had no superfluous movements.” Most of all, he was afraid of imagination, of any dream; there was no place for this in his soul.

Stolz perceived what was not analyzed as an optical illusion. He had no idols, but he retained the strength of his soul.
This man lived in the name of the cause: “for the work itself.” Stolz is shown as a “renovator” of Russian society; it is precisely such a person who can change the world and life.

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In the plot of Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov,” an important role is played by the “love triangle,” consisting of Oblomov, Olga Ilyinskaya and Stolz. Olga played a significant role in the life of Ilya Ilyich, awakening him to life for some time. But this heroine linked her fate with Andrei Stolts: she married him soon after Oblomov’s “flight”. The author shows that Stolz and [...]
The main character had no relationship with women; his friend Stolz decided to help him with this by introducing him to Olga Ilyinskaya. This girl had a rather strong influence on Oblomov and his fate. Unlike Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, Olga receives an accurate description in the text. We see that she is unusual, not at all like […]...
I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” paints a comprehensive picture of contemporary Russian society for the writer. The author shows its most important aspects - social, philosophical, moral. The patriarchal structure in Russia was replaced by European capitalism with a completely new psychology and philosophy for the Russian person. Warmth, calmness, comfort and regularity gradually fade into the background, inertia, laziness, hope become dangerous […]...
Andrei Ivanovich Stolts is a friend of Oblomov, from the time when he studied at the boarding school in Verkhlev. Despite their friendship, Stolz’s life turned out completely differently than Oblomov’s life. Since childhood, Andrei Stolts knew how to set goals for himself, strive for them, and achieve what he wanted. His vision of life can be read in these lines: […]...
Looking at the features of the main character of I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” by Andrei Stolts, we see the prototype of a modern business man. But at that time, his image was not clear to the Russian people, and therefore the creator’s idea to show his people what a person could achieve if they wanted, failed miserably. After all, then, the nobility did not burden itself with hard work, its [...]
School essay on Russian literature based on the novel “Oblomov” by I. A. Goncharov. Andrei Stolts is Oblomov’s closest friend; they grew up together and carried their friendship through life. It remains a mystery how such dissimilar people, with such different views on life, could maintain deep affection. Initially, the image of Stolz was conceived as a complete antipode to Oblomov. The author wanted to combine German prudence […]...
The image of Stolz was conceived by Goncharov as an antipode to the image of Oblomov. In the image of this hero, the writer wanted to present an integral, active, active person, to embody the new Russian type. However, Goncharov’s plan was not entirely successful, primarily because this type was not represented in Russian life itself. “Stoltsev, people with an integral, active character, in which every thought immediately [...]
Why does the morally pure, honest Oblomov die morally? The habit of receiving everything from life without putting any effort into it developed apathy and inertia in Oblomov, making him a slave to his own laziness. Ultimately, the feudal system and the home education it generated are to blame for this. How does I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” show the complex relationship between slavery and lordship? Serfdom corrupts [...]
1. What things have become a symbol of “Oblomovism”? The symbols of “Oblomovism” were a robe, slippers, and a sofa. 2. What turned Oblomov into an apathetic couch potato? Laziness, fear of movement and life, inability to carry out practical activities, and the replacement of life with vague daydreaming turned Oblomov from a man into an appendage of a robe and a sofa. 3. What is the function of Oblomov’s dream in I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”? Chapter “Dream […]...
In 1859, Alexander Ivanovich Goncharov wrote a novel of particular topicality, in which he reflected the main feature of a purely Russian character and even gave it his name: “Oblomovism.” Already from the first page of his novel, Goncharov drew the reader’s attention to the main feature of his hero: “The soul shone so openly and clearly in the eyes, in the smile, in every movement of the head, [...]
At the end of the 50s of the 19th century, Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” was published. In his work, the writer showed such a phenomenon as Oblomovism, a phenomenon, alas, not too rare for Russia. I. A. Goncharov portrayed not only the victim of this phenomenon - Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, but also his antipode - the energetic Andrei Ivanovich Stolts. Introducing our […]...
In the type of Oblomov and in all this Oblomovism, We see something more than just the successful creation of a strong Talent; we find in it a work of Russian life, “a sign of the times.” N. A. Dobrolyubov The author of “Oblomov” turned his attention not to exposing the political system of feudal Russia, but to the entire way of Russian life with the phenomena of stagnation and decay, disfiguring human […]...
Andrei Stolts is Oblomov’s closest friend; they grew up together and carried their friendship through life. It remains a mystery how such dissimilar people, with such different views on life, could maintain deep affection. Initially, the image of Stolz was conceived as a complete antipode to Oblomov. The author wanted to combine German prudence and the breadth of the Russian soul, but this plan was not destined to come true […]...
The ideological orientation of the novel was determined by the author himself: “I tried to show in Oblomov how and why our people turn into jelly before their time... The central chapter is “Oblomov’s Dream.” Oblomov is attracted by his intelligence, kindness, truthfulness, meekness, humanity, sense of justice, penchant for introspection and self-criticism, despite his laziness, apathy, and inactivity. Zakhar is a kind of reflection of Ilya Ilyich. Oblomov depends […]...
How does Molchalin reveal himself during a dialogue with Chatsky? How does he behave and what gives him the right to behave this way? Molchalin is cynical and frank with Chatsky regarding his life views. He talks, from his point of view, with a loser (“Were you not given ranks, failure in your service?”), gives advice to go to Tatyana Yuryevna, is sincerely surprised by the sharp […]...
1. Which of the heroes of I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” has a “crystal, transparent soul”? A. Stolts B. Olga Ilyinskaya V. Oblomov G. Zakhar 2. What features does the image of Oblomov concentrate in itself? A. Laziness B. Dissatisfaction with social conditions C. Thirst for knowledge D. Inertia D. Apathy 3. What is the reason for Oblomov’s inactivity? A. Laziness B. Illness C. […]...
Plan Introduction Reasons for the friendship between Stolz and Oblomov Features of the friendship between Oblomov and Stolz in adulthood Conclusion Introduction The central characters of the novel “Oblomov” are Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and Andrei Ivanovich Stolz. In the work, the characters are depicted as individuals with opposing characteristics and leading divergent lifestyles. However, despite the external dissimilarity of the characters’ characters, Oblomov’s friendship […]...
Goncharov created an amazing, grotesque, almost implausible image. The name Oblomov became a household name. To tell the truth, it is precisely grotesque figures in which certain features are emphasized and taken beyond the limits of naturalness that become household names. From them come the names of these very traits and features: Hamletism, quixoticism, Oblomovism, etc. Oblomov’s life is essentially simple. As Dobrolyubov noted, at the beginning of the work we see him [...]
I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” is a classic of Russian literature. In this novel, two faces of love appear before us. The first is the love of Oblomov and Olga, the second is the love of Stolz and Olga. How different they are! The first feeling - not having time to bloom - immediately withered, the second - it takes a long time to bloom, but, having blossomed and strengthened, for a long time it retains all […]...
“...after reading the entire novel, you feel that something new has been added to your sphere of thought, that new images, new types have sunk deep into your soul. They haunt you for a long time, you want to think about them, you want to find out the meaning of their relationship to your own life, character, inclinations...” - writes the famous critic N. A. Dobrolyubov about the novel by I. […]...
I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” is a “novel-monograph”. When creating it, the author had the goal of writing the life story of one person - Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. Throughout the novel, the writer shows the spiritual path of his hero. Raised by Oblomovka, he became accustomed to laziness and “doing nothing.” Surrounded by servants since childhood, Ilya Ilyich cannot even wipe his nose on his own. Oblomov’s “main” servant is Zakhar […]...
In contrast to Oblomov, Goncharov put forward Stolz, an energetic and troublesome man. His artistic instinct told him that such a person could not be found among the Russians. That's why Goncharov took the German. In his article: “Better late than never,” he says: “Depicting laziness and apathy in all its breadth and rigidity, as an elemental Russian trait, and only this one thing, I […]...
In the novel “Oblomov” by I. A. Goncharov, the life and fate of the main character, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, is in the foreground. His image contains a broad generalization: it reveals character traits generated by Russian patriarchal landowner life. This image was the embodiment of life’s stagnation, immobility, and endless human laziness. Oblomov is a person endowed with many virtues and has retained the main thing [...]
First there will be a long and detailed description of a lazy life and a lazy environment. Then, like a fresh wind, Stolz will burst in and try to change something in this sleepy existence of his friend. It is quite difficult to analyze the second part without saying a few words about the first part and the general concept of the novel. It is interesting that the first part of the novel ends with Oblomov’s dream, which seems […]...
The novel “Oblomov” by I. A. Goncharov has not lost its relevance and significance in our time, because it contains a universal philosophical meaning. The main conflict of the novel - between the patriarchal and bourgeois ways of Russian life - the writer reveals in the opposition of people, feelings and reason, peace and action, life and death. By taking anti-[...]
The works of I. A. Goncharov have become widely known among readers. The novel “Oblomov” was and is especially popular. The main characters of the novel “Oblomov” are Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and Andrei Stolts. Ilya Ilyich is a Russian landowner who lives in St. Petersburg on income received from his estate. Oblomov is a man “about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes.” This […]...
I believe that the meaning of the opposition in this novel is to characterize the main character in the most clear, open, and deep way. I think the author succeeded. We see not so much the appearance, wallpaper, but the soul of Ilya Ilyich. With every line we understand that he is not who we think. He had a “pure and clear”, “dove-like soul”. And this soul was torn [...]
To condemn inactivity and justify efficiency - this is the task the author set himself in Oblomov. The images of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and Andrei Ivanovich Stolts acquired typical features, and the word “Oblomovism” itself became a household word. To understand the motivation of a person’s actions, we must turn to his childhood, that is, to that period of life when […]...
I. A. Goncharov Topic: OBLOMOV AND STOLTZ: TWO PERCEPTIONS OF THE WORLD (based on the novel “Oblomov” by I. A. Goncharov) I. A. Goncharov worked on the novel “Oblomov” for ten years. In this (best!) work, the author expressed his beliefs and hopes; depicted the problems of contemporary life that worried and deeply affected him, and revealed the causes of these problems. Therefore, the image […]...
I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” is one of the most popular works of Russian classics. The impression this novel made by its appearance in Russia cannot be described, recalled Prince P. Kropotkin. “All of educated Russia read “Oblomov” and discussed “Oblomovism.” The main character of the novel, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, still causes numerous disputes and conflicting opinions. He […]...
The central character of I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” is Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, a gentleman “thirty-two years old.” The work is dedicated to revealing his life philosophy, way of existence, his psychology. Oblomov’s main character traits are apathy, laziness, and inactivity. He lies on the couch all day, completely uninterested in anything. But this state of affairs does not bother the hero at all: [...]
Who is the positive hero of I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”? I. Introduction A positive hero is a character who evokes the author’s sympathy and, to one degree or another, embodies the author’s ideal. (For more details, see Glossary, Art. Hero.) II. Main part 1. Obviously, the positive hero of Goncharov’s novel can be either Oblomov, or Stolz, or Olga Ilyinskaya: a) character […]...
In I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov,” the reader is presented with wonderful artistic images. The genius of the writer was able to portray them so vividly and dynamically that they forever entered the history of Russian literature, became household names and joined the gallery of heroes. Thus, Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” brought to the stage of classical literature the wonderful image of a lazy gentleman, in which all the typical features were expressed […]...
Russian literature of the 2nd half of the 19th century “Education is a great matter: it decides the fate of a person...” (V. G. Belinsky). (Based on the novel “Oblomov” by I. A. Goncharov) Recently I read the novel “Oblomov” by I. A. Goncharov. I find in myself the traits of his main character. I thought it was just laziness, but it turned out that it was Oblomovism. Indeed, I really want to lie there all day [...]
Plan Introduction Differences in the upbringing of Oblomov and Stolz Education of Oblomov Education of Stolz Such a different feeling of love Conclusion Introduction Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” was written at a turning point for Russian society, when the old feudal, truly Russian foundations were replaced by new, bourgeois, European values. At the time of the creation of the work, society was divided into two camps – those […]...
Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is a gentleman brought up in the patriarchal environment of the family estate. “What is Oblomovism?”; the main idea is that Ilya Ilyich is a natural person, and Oblomovism is an artificial, incorrect world that has disfigured the lives of both Oblomov himself and those people who ended up in this world. Oblomov did not harm anyone; he lived his life like a child. Oblomov product of “three hundred […]...
The novel (immortal work) “Oblomov” was published in 1859. Prove its social significance and relevance at this time. The feudal-serf system has outlived its usefulness. The defeat of Russia in the Crimean War, the death of Nicholas I, the social upsurge that led to an intensification of the struggle for the abolition of serfdom - all this contributed to the popularity and relevance of the novel. I. A. Goncharov convincingly showed that serfdom […]...
The image of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, the main character of Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov,” is ambiguous and contradictory. The most opposite and harsh assessments were expressed about him. Thus, A.F. Koni characterized Oblomov as a person who “with his apathy, fear of any initiative and lazy non-resistance to evil nullifies the blatant demands of life and the needs of the country...”, who “does not feel any motivation […]...
N.A. Dobrolyubov in his famous article “What is Oblomovism?” wrote about this phenomenon as a “sign of the times.” From his point of view, Oblomov is “a living, modern, Russian type, minted with merciless rigor and correctness.” Dobrolyubov understood “Oblomovism” socially - as an allegory of serfdom. What kind of phenomenon is this “Oblomovism”? Where do its roots go […]...

What are Stolz's life ideals? (based on the novel “Oblomov” by I. A. Goncharov)

What are Stolz's life ideals? (based on the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov")

In I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov,” Andrei Stolts is the antipode of Oblomov. Every feature of Stolz is a blatant protest against the qualities of Oblomov. The first loves an active and interesting life, the second often falls into apathy, he is like a snail that is afraid to get out of its shell. The difference in the characters and life ideals of Oblomov and Stolz was laid down in childhood. Stolz received a strict European upbringing. From childhood, he was instilled with good manners, taught to behave in society, forced to read various books, learn poems.

His upbringing had a great influence on Andrei, he is constantly on the move, goes out into the world, reads smart books: “In the moral activities of his life, he sought a balance between practical aspects and the subtle needs of the spirit.” Stolz lived according to a precise plan, according to a budget; there was nothing superfluous in his actions: “He had no superfluous movements.” Most of all, he was afraid of imagination, of any dream; there was no place for this in his soul. Stolz perceived what was not analyzed as an optical illusion. He had no idols, but he retained the strength of his soul.

This man lived in the name of the cause: “for the work itself.” Stolz is shown as a “renovator” of Russian society; this is the kind of person who can change the world and life.

Stolz life ideals. Stolz's social ideals in the novel Oblomov

Tasks and tests on the topic “Andrei Stolts as a “man of action.” (Based on the novel “Oblomov” by I.A. Goncharov.)”

Characteristics of Oblomov

Characteristics of Stolz

What is “Oblomovism”?

Love in Oblomov's understanding

Love in Stolz's understanding

What did Oblomov come to?

Why did Oblomov’s physical death occur?

Stolz's achievements

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