How many Russians are there on earth? Where do most Russians live abroad?
Lately there has been a lot of talk about improving the demographic situation in Russia. The country's population is supposedly constantly growing, and the authorities are often credited for this. But they are silent about who it is growing at the expense of. In 2002, there were 115 million Russians in Russia, but in 2010 there were only 111 million. The largest population growth is in Chechnya, Ingushetia and the Republic of Tyva. Meanwhile, the number of Russian people in the national republics (and not only in them) of the Russian Federation is falling at an impressive pace, and the ethnic composition of individual territories is rapidly changing. In some places this is caused by economic and demographic problems, and in others by direct squeezing out by local ethnic elites.
Settlement of Russians in Russia
A decrease in the number of state-forming people in the regions in the event of any future political crisis or instability may lead to an increase in separatism in those regions where there will be few Russians. The central authorities, often verbally declaring that the Russian people are “the foundation of Russian statehood,” for some reason do not actually support this foundation and do not particularly strive to increase and strengthen it. At least this is not visible from the statistics. Let's turn to the impartial official figures from the population censuses of Russia (and the USSR) to see where the situation requires immediate intervention, and also try to understand how we can find ways out of the current difficult situation.
South of Russia
The Russian population quickly left the regions of the North Caucasus due to hostilities, fearing that the conflict could spread to other republics. Here the situation is most deplorable. Due to the abolition of the Terek Cossack formations by the communists, inter-ethnic clashes in 1958, and after that - ethnic cleansing and genocide in the 1990s during the wars in Chechnya, there were practically no previously numerous Russians left there. According to the 1989 census, the number of Russian people was 269,130 people in the entire Checheno-Ingushetia (or 24.8% of the total population), and in 2010 there were 24,382 Russians or 1.9% in Chechnya. The situation is similar in Ingushetia (2002 - 1.2%, 2010 - 0.8%) and Dagestan (1959 - 213 thousand, 2010 - 100 thousand). In Ingushetia, crimes against Russians continued after the Chechen wars. In 2006, in the village of Ordzhonikidzevskaya, the deputy head of the Sunzhensky district administration, who oversaw the program for the return of the Russian-speaking population to Ingushetia, was shot dead, and in 2007, the family of a Russian teacher was killed in the republic. In Dagestan, Russian flight began even in the Kizlyar region and the city of Kizlyar, where Russians historically were the majority (the number of Russians in the city decreased from 83.0% (1959) to 40.49% (2010).
Changes in the national composition of the North Caucasus from the times of the Russian Empire to the modern Russian Federation
In other regions of the North Caucasus District, the process of decreasing the number of Russians is also underway, but not at such a rapid pace. In Kabardino-Balkaria, the percentage of the Russian population decreased from 240,750 (31.9%) in 1989 to 193,155 (22.5%) in 2010. In areas with a traditional Russian majority - Maysky and Prokhladnensky - there is an increase in non-Slavic ethnic groups. The number of Russians in Karachay-Cherkessia even increased slightly - 150,025 people in 2010 versus 147,878 people in 2002. But in percentage terms it is still decreasing due to the higher birth rate among the Caucasian peoples. In North Ossetia, the percentage of Russians decreased from 40% in 1959 to 23% in 2010. The percentage of non-Slavic peoples in the Mozdok region, the original Russian Cossack land, is increasing. It should be said that the Russian population of the republics tried to fight for their national rights to the best of their ability. Since the late 1980s, the idea of annexing (returning) the Cossack regions of northern Chechnya (which were given to the communists) to the Stavropol Territory has been popular. Attempts were made to create a Russian Cossack autonomy on the left bank of the Terek, as well as other autonomies for Russian-speaking citizens with different names and in different republics. However, projects of such autonomous entities did not receive approval from regional and federal authorities.
Clearly
Separate mention should be made about the Stavropol Territory. The inclusion of the region in the North Caucasus Federal District began to change the ethnic map of the region even faster, heating up already tense interethnic relations. If we compare the population censuses of 2002 and 2010, we can state that the number of Armenians increased by 12 thousand, Dargins by 10 thousand; The number of Dagestan peoples (especially in areas bordering Dagestan), Turkmen and others increased significantly. It is also worth noting that the Russian population is declining, including due to numerous interethnic marriages of Russian women with representatives of the Caucasian peoples; Children from such unions for the most part do not feel the ethnic identification of their mother and bear non-Russian names and surnames. However, in addition to the assimilation of Russians by Caucasians, there is also the usual flight of the Russian population from Stavropol.
In the Southern Federal District, Kalmykia deserves special attention, where the number of Russians has decreased from 120 to 85 thousand people. In the Gorodovikovsky and Yashaltinsky districts - traditional places of residence of Russians - the process of settling Meskhetian Turks is underway, where they already make up up to 15% of the total population. In the Rostov region, the number of Meskhetian Turks increased from 28 thousand in 2002 to 36 thousand in 2010. Due to the migration of Dagestani peoples, higher birth rates among Kazakhs, Tatars, and Nogais, the number of Russians in the Astrakhan region is decreasing (67% as of 2010) and the ethnographic map of the region is changing. And if in the Rostov and Astrakhan regions the matter is mainly in demographic problems, then in Kalmykia, in addition to them, there is a process of soft squeezing out Russian-speaking residents and replacing them in all spheres with Kalmyks.
Siberian subjects
The main Russophobic region of the Russian Federation in Siberia is rightfully considered the Republic of Tyva, from where the Russian population has fled since the early 1990s - almost the same as from the North Caucasus regions. In 1992-1993 alone, more than 20 thousand Russians left there, and the organization “Khostug Tyva” (“Free Tuva”) called for independence from Russia. In 1959, Russians numbered 40% there, and in 2010 - only 16%, which is explained not only by the squeezing out of Russian speakers, but also by the high birth rate among Tuvans. Since the late 80s of the 20th century, separatist sentiments have been popular in Tyva; there have even been attacks on the Slavic population; there have been serious ethnic unrest, which miraculously did not escalate into armed clashes. Thus, in the village of Elegest, an attempt was made at a large-scale Russian pogrom. 15 Russian houses were attacked, three of them were set on fire. After this, a stream of Russian refugees began to flow from Tyva. Russophobia is still evident at the everyday level in the republic. For example, on social networks in groups of Tuvans you can see anti-Russian slogans.
Tuvan lands were part of the Chinese Empire until 1912
Yakutia was not far behind. High-ranking officials of the republic at one time even made clearly xenophobic statements, according to which, for example, the Yakuts should have “priority in medical care.” The Yakut radicals did not particularly hide the fact that they were just waiting for Russia to weaken in order to try to gain real independence. In turn, the Russians did not like the Yakut language lessons in schools, the inability of the Slavs to get good, well-paid jobs, to enter universities on a budget, as well as the predominant broadcasting on Yakut local television. Added to all this was the economic crisis in the 1990s, when many large industrial productions, the main places of work for Russians, uniting cities around them, were closed. As a result, the Russian population in Yakutia decreased from 50% to 37% by 2010. And this is in an area that is of strategic importance for the country due to its huge reserves of resources. True, it is worth saying that in connection with the revival of many enterprises in recent years, a stream of people from all over the country and the CIS has again poured into Yakutia, but not so en masse. Similar processes, but to a lesser extent, occurred in the Altai Republic and Buryatia.
A striking example of the imbalance in the interethnic politics of Yakutia is the republic’s television channels
Federal division of the state
The very fact of the existence of regions in Russia, in which Russophobia is felt to this day and from which Russians are forced to leave, speaks of serious problems in national politics. When officials in Russia speak out against the infringement of the rights of Russian speakers somewhere in Europe - for example, in Latvia (which is also very important), I would like to draw their attention to non-Russian regions within the country, where discrimination against the Russian people still exists. After all, there can be no doubt that the uniform distribution and increase of the Russian population throughout the country is the key to the stability of the state, protection from possible separatism, etc. "Kosovo scenario".
In addition, many researchers agree that the modern administrative-territorial division of Russia has long outlived its usefulness. The communists at one time not only gave the lands conquered by the Russian Empire to national minorities, but also in the RSFSR itself they crumbled artificial national formations, which today no longer reflect the real correlation of ethnic groups in them. For example, Jews in the Jewish Autonomous Region, allocated by the Bolsheviks, are less than 1% (!), Karelians in Karelia - 7.4%, Khakass in Khakassia - 12%, and so on. Isn't it time to carry out a thoughtful and thorough reform of the national republics?
Territory of the RSFSR in 1926 and 1956
Eventually
Due to the international policy of the USSR, there are regions in modern Russia from which the Russian population is leaving. This is most noticeable in the example of the republics of the North Caucasus. And although the official authorities of these republics themselves want the Slavs to return, Russian speakers have no great desire to go back. Mainly because people are afraid of new attacks on ethnic grounds, the growth of Islamism, and destabilization. It can be stated that for demographic reasons, as well as due to the lack of political will of the state leadership, the Russian territories of the eastern republics of the North Caucasus (Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan) were lost to the Slavic population, the ethnic cleansing of the region was almost completely completed. Expansion is now aimed at the Stavropol Territory and other areas of historical residence of Russians, as can be seen from the official census figures, which are difficult to argue with.
The situation in Yakutia and Tuva, where xenophobia towards Russians and their mass exodus were also observed, requires deep understanding by the state leadership. The development of industry, the attraction and distribution of the Russian majority among these regions is the key to the strength of the regions. Today, if the population of Russia increases, it is at the expense of other peoples; the number of Russians themselves continues to decline. We need a completely new state policy, which will be aimed at popularizing Russian national identity, as well as assimilation into the Russian cultural and political environment. It is these measures, together with an urgent program to attract the remaining compatriots from the CIS, that can become the very bonds that will prevent non-Russian separatism from growing in any crisis and upheaval.
Grigory Mironov
HOW MANY RUSSIANS LIVE IN RUSSIA AND ON EARTH?
I will give an analysis (not mine, but also a good one!) with an underestimated estimate of the number of Russians in the world
Here we take only the ethnic composition - purely Russian
and we’ll talk about Russian-speaking people another time (there are more than 220,000,000 of them in the world)
About 127,000,000 ethnic Russians live on Earth.
About 86% of Russians live in Russia.
The remaining 14% of Russians live in various countries of the world.
The largest number of Russians outside Russia are in Ukraine and Kazakhstan.
The number of Russians outside their homeland has recently been rapidly declining, as is the number of Russians in Russia.
Although this picture of a Russian family with one (maximum two) children would be more honest...
According to the calculations of various researchers, in the middle of the 16th century, from 6.5 to 14.5 million people lived in the Russian state, at the end of the 16th century - from 7 to 15 million, and in the 17th century - up to 10.5–12 million. Human.
There are, of course, no exact data on the number of Russians for those periods.
From the mid-18th century to the 80s of the 19th century, the European steppes (Novorossnya, Lower Volga region, Southern Urals) became new areas of settlement for Russians, partly until the beginning of the 20th century - taiga places of the Northern Urals, some areas of the North Caucasus; The steppe in southern Siberia continued to be developed, and from the second half of the 19th century - Central Asia and the Far East.
Some Russians in the 18th century remained in the west, where the territory of the Russian state expanded, completely absorbing the fragments of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Poland, Little Russia and Belarus.
From the end of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century, these lands became part of the Russian Empire, along with Finland, Bessarabia, and part of the mouth of the Danube.
Russians also lived there among various peoples.
But their number was insignificant.
By the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, the main territory of Russian settlement was the Central Industrial, Central Agricultural Regions and the European North, where about 90% of the residents were Russian.
In certain regions of European Russia, the number of Russians was: in the Urals - up to 70% of the total population, in the Volga region - 63%, in the North Caucasus - more than 40%. In Siberia by this time, Russians already made up three quarters of the population (77.6%).
Only in the Far East and Kazakhstan the number of Russians did not exceed the number of other peoples, and among the newcomers they were inferior to the Ukrainians.
Everywhere in European Russia, except for the southern outskirts, the main reason for the increase in population was natural increase.
The natural increase among serfs was significantly lower than that of other categories of the population.
Serfs made up about half the population (but the very concept of serfs was very vague - in Siberia and beyond the Urals there were none at all. Not at all!). The exception is Stroganov's "lessons".
The most significant increase in population from the European provinces was in Novorossiya (Ekaterinoslav, Kherson, Tauride provinces, Regions of the Don Army and the Black Sea Army). In terms of population growth rates, Novorossiya was second only to the southeastern and Siberian provinces.
Quite stable growth rates of the Russian population were noted during that period in the Middle Volga region, which included the Kazan and Simbirsk provinces. Its intensive settlement occurred in the 18th century. Conditions for farming here were more favorable than in the center of Russia. Along with the Black Earth Center, the region was the main supplier of commercial grain. Together with the Russians, Finno-Ugric and Turkic peoples (Tatars, Udmurts, Bashkirs, Chuvashs, Mordovians, Maris), Germans (in the Saratov province) and descendants of “assigned service foreigners” - Reiters of the 17th century lived in the region.
Increased rates of population growth in the first half of the 19th century. Siberia was different, at the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries. continuous Russian settlement was observed in its western regions with centers in Verkhoturye, Tyumen, Tobolsk and in the Irkutsk province. In the north of Western and Eastern Siberia, only isolated centers of Russian settlement developed. At the beginning of the 19th century. (1811) the population of Siberia (Tobolsk, Tomsk, Irkutsk provinces) numbered 682,597 male souls, among them Russians made up 68.93%
By the way, the second largest ethnic group after the Eastern Slavs in the Russian Empire were the Western Slavs - the Poles. Hence the reason for the growth of pan-Slavism. In general, in Russia, according to the 1897 census, 47% of its residents named Russian as their native language, Ukrainian - 19%, Belarusian - 5%, and other languages - less than 5%. Together with Ukrainians and Belarusians, Russians made up 71% of the Russian population.
In terms of its class composition, it looked like this: peasants of all classes (including Cossacks) - 80%, urban classes - 15%, others - 5%.
Soviet period.
The growth rate of the Russian people during the Soviet period decreased somewhat, but continued to remain high. During the Soviet era, despite wars and repressions, the Russian people grew by more than two-thirds: from 86,000,000 people. in 1914 to 145,000,000 in 1989.
And as a result, the so-called Liberal democratic reforms of the 90s.
Losses from the liberal-democratic reforms of the 90s are also calculated in millions. Back in 2007, Rosstat published data on the natural population decline in Russia for the period since 1992. Then it was indicated that there was a decline in the population, primarily Russian.
During this period, a loss of 12,400,000 people was indicated.
And according to the U.S. Census Bureau, International Data Base for the period 1992 - 2008. The natural population decline in Russia amounted to 13,300,000 people.
This is more than, for example, the population of Belgium, Hungary, Greece, Sweden or Switzerland. True, the resettlement of 5,700,000 compatriots from neighboring countries to Russia partially compensated for this population decline. But the situation is catastrophic.
There is no exact answer to the question of how many Russians live in the world, but approximate data is available: 127,000,000 people, of which some live in the Russian Federation - 86%. The rest of the world accounts for 14% Russians. The countries with the largest number of Russians are Ukraine and Kazakhstan. Now there is a tendency to reduce the number of Russians in other countries and in Russia itself.
Story
The 16th century could hardly be called densely populated. Research by scientists has revealed that at that time no more than 15 million people lived on its territory. A century later, the population no longer increased, but on the contrary, it decreased by 2-3 million. However, these data cannot be called reliable, since any accurate counting systems were not used in those periods, as is known.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Russian people (in the general understanding of this expression) successfully explored new territories, including the steppe regions of Europe, the North Caucasus, and the Northern Urals. It is populated both in Central Asia and the Far East. Almost everywhere, Russian people found a common language with local peoples, successfully traded with them, taught them, and learned a lot from them. Here are the lines the historian Lev Gumilyov wrote about the Russian people: “We must pay tribute to the intelligence and tact of our ancestors... They treated the surrounding peoples as equals, even if they were different from them. And thanks to this, they survived the centuries-long struggle, establishing as a principle not the extermination of neighbors, but the friendship of peoples...” These words, like no other, confirm the peace-loving nature of a person of Russian nationality and his ability to adapt to any conditions.
The Great Russian Settlement
Russians also settled in a western direction. In the question “How many Russians are there in the world?” it would be inappropriate not to note this. In the 18th century, the Russian state included the former territories of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which we now call Poland, Belarus, and Little Russia. It goes without saying that the territorial expansion of the state was followed by the development of these lands by Russian people. Some moved here on duty, sent by the sovereign, others moved - peasants and artisans - in the hope of finding a new home and long-awaited prosperity.
Studying the topic “How many Russians are there in the world”, let’s say that in those days Russians lived both in the territory of present-day Finland and at the mouth of the Danube, although there were few of them there.
If expressed in numbers, we note that 70% of the Russians of the total number who inhabited it lived in the Urals, 63% in the Volga region, and 40% in the north of the Caucasus. The leader among regions with a Russian population is Siberia, in which three out of four residents were Russian.
In the process of considering the question “How many Russians live in the world”, we found out that Russian people mainly settled throughout the territory of their state, which was constantly expanding in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Emigrants from Russia
In the first half of the 20th century, a mass exodus of people who spoke Russian began from Russia to Western countries. Russia was then abandoned by people who did not want to live in the USSR - a new state that emerged after the overthrow of the Tsar and with the coming to power of the Bolshevik Party led by Vladimir Lenin. Several million people then moved to the countries of the New World alone. Let us note that people were leaving mainly from the western regions of that huge country - Moldova, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, Latvia, Estonia. Approximately half of those who left had Jewish roots. There were many emigrants from among the former military - White Guards. During the Great Patriotic War, there was another wave of emigration, but this time those who joined the German army left the Soviet Union. In the late 60s - early 70s. XX century, those who disagreed with the Soviet political course left for other countries. After the collapse, another wave of exodus began, triggered by Russia's weak economy. Highly qualified specialists were forced to leave the country due to the inability to find work.
The general question “How many Russians live in the world” can be divided into specific ones and find out how many Germans live in other countries. So, about 2,652,214 people live in the United States from Russia. The data is taken from the American The most “Russian” cities are New York, Chicago, Seattle, Los Angeles, Detroit. The first city on this list is home to 1.6 million people who call themselves Russians. For comparison, let’s denote the number of Chinese living there - 760 thousand - and Dominicans - 620 thousand. 600,000 immigrants from Russia live and work in California.
Russians in other countries
In Australia, there were 67,000 people who called themselves Russian, approximately one in four of whom were born in Russia.
Very few Russians live in sultry Brazil, only 100 people.
Germany is a country that has received a huge number of immigrants from Russia, who mostly arrived here quite recently - during the formation of a new state during the era of Boris Yeltsin's presidency. People who had German roots and lived for generations in the USSR and Russia are called “Russian Germans” in Germany. Calculations carried out by German government agencies indicate the number of such people is 187,835.
It is impossible to put an end to the question “How many Russians are there in the world”, because the number of people who consider themselves to be Russian people changes all the time, and therefore the data always needs to be adjusted.
- In the US, one American family earns an average of $50,500. Russian-speaking has an income of $47,000 a year, Chinese - 42,000, Dominican - 20,000.
- More than 60% of the total number of Russian speakers have a bachelor's degree.
- About 70% work in management positions.
- Only every fifth of Russian speakers works in the service sector.
One can only be proud of how many Russian people there are in the world who have successfully demonstrated themselves in many areas of our modern life.
According to various estimates, the Russian-speaking diaspora in the world numbers from 25 to 30 million people. But it is extremely difficult to accurately calculate the number of Russians living in different countries, since the very definition of “Russian” is unclear.
When we talk about the Russian diaspora, we involuntarily return to the rhetorical question - who should be considered Russians: either are they exclusively Russians, or are they joined by citizens of the former republics of the USSR, or do they also include descendants of immigrants from the Russian Empire?
If we count only people from the Russian Federation as Russians abroad, then no fewer questions will arise, since they will include representatives of numerous nationalities living in Russia.
Using the term “Russian” as an ethnonym, we are faced with the problem of national identity on the one hand, and integration and assimilation on the other. Let's say, today's descendant of immigrants from the Russian Empire living in France may feel Russian, but those born into a family of immigrants in the 1980s, on the contrary, will call themselves a full-fledged Frenchman.
Considering the vagueness of the term “Russian diaspora” and the not yet established concept of “Russian diaspora,” another phrase is often used – “Russian-speaking diaspora,” which includes those for whom the Russian language is a unifying principle. However, this is not without controversial issues. For example, according to 2008 data, about 3 million US residents declared their Russian origin, but Russian is the native language of only 706 thousand Americans.
Germany
The Russian-speaking diaspora in Germany is considered the largest in Europe. Taking into account various data, on average it is 3.7 million people, most of whom are Russian Germans. In families that arrived in Germany 15-20 years ago, Russian is still the mother tongue, although some of the immigrants use a mixture of Russian and German, and only a few are fluent in German. It is curious that there are cases when immigrants who have already begun to use the German language again return to the more familiar Russian speech.
Now in every major city in Germany there are Russian shops, restaurants, travel agencies, there are even Russian-speaking law firms and medical institutions. The largest Russian communities are concentrated in Berlin, Hamburg, Stuttgart, Düsseldorf and Frankfurt am Main. However, the largest concentration of the Russian-speaking population is in the state of Baden-Württemberg.
Argentina
The largest Russian diaspora in South America is in Argentina. According to unofficial data, its number reaches 300 thousand people, of which about 100 thousand speak Russian to one degree or another.
Historians count 5 waves of emigration from Russia to Argentina. If the first was “Jewish”, the second was “German”, then the last three are called “Russian”. The waves of “Russian emigration” coincided with turning points in Russian history – the 1905 revolution, the civil war and perestroika.
At the beginning of the 20th century, many Cossacks and Old Believers left Russia for Argentina. Their compact settlements still exist. A large colony of Old Believers is located in Choel-Choel. While maintaining their traditional way of life, Old Believer families still have an average of 8 children. The largest colony of Cossacks is located in the suburb of Buenos Aires - Schwarzbalde and consists of two settlements.
Russian Argentines carefully maintain cultural ties with their historical homeland. Thus, the Institute of Russian Culture operates in the capital. In Argentina there are also radio stations broadcasting exclusively Russian music - Rachmaninov, Tchaikovsky, Prokofiev.
USA
According to experts, Russian is the seventh most common language in the United States. The Russian-speaking population grew unevenly in the country: the last and most powerful wave of emigration to the United States swept over the Soviet republics at the turn of the 1980s and 90s. If in 1990 the American authorities counted about 750 thousand Russians, today their number exceeds 3 million people. Since 1990, a quota was introduced for citizens of the USSR - no more than 60 thousand immigrants per year.
It should be noted that in the United States, it is customary to call “Russians” all those who came here from the CIS countries and have different ethnic roots - Russian, Ukrainian, Jewish, Kazakh. Here, more than anywhere else, the duality of the situation is manifested, when ethnic identification and native language do not mean the same thing.
There is a large Russian-speaking diaspora in Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco and Houston. But still, most immigrants prefer to settle in New York, where the connection with Russian history, tradition and culture has been largely preserved.
Israel
It is not known how many representatives of the Russian-speaking diaspora there would be in Israel now if, at the turn of the 1980s and 90s, the US government had not convinced the Israeli authorities to accept the main flow of immigrants from the USSR. The Soviet leadership also contributed to this process by simplifying the repatriation of Jews to Israel.
In the first two years, about 200 thousand immigrants from the USSR arrived in Israel, but by the beginning of the 21st century, the number of emigrants from Russia decreased to 20 thousand people per year.
Today, the Russian-speaking diaspora in Israel numbers about 1.1 million people - approximately 15% of the country's population. This is the second national minority after the Arabs. The diaspora is predominantly represented by Jews - there are no more than 70 thousand ethnic Russians in it.
Latvia
Latvia can be called the country where there are the most Russians per capita - 620 thousand people, which is approximately 35% of the total number of residents of the country. The Russian-speaking diaspora in Latvia is also called the “diaspora of cataclysms”, since Russians remained here after the collapse of the USSR.
It is interesting that the inhabitants of ancient Russian lands settled on the territory of modern Latvia back in the 10th-12th centuries, and in 1212 a Russian courtyard was founded here. Later, Old Believers actively moved to the country to escape persecution.
After the collapse of the USSR, about 47 thousand Russian-speaking people left Latvia, although the situation stabilized very quickly. According to the sociological center Latvijas fakti, 94.4% of the country’s residents now speak Russian.
Most of the Russian-speaking population of Latvia is concentrated in large cities. For example, in Riga, almost half of the residents consider themselves to be part of the Russian diaspora. In fact, all large businesses in Latvia are controlled by Russians; it is not surprising that the top ten ranking of the richest people in Latvia includes six Russians.
Kazakhstan
Russians in Kazakhstan are mostly descendants of exiled people of the 19th - first half of the 20th centuries. The active growth of the Russian population of Kazakhstan began during the period of Stolypin reforms. By 1926, Russians in the Cossack Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic made up 19.7% of the total population.
It is interesting that at the time of the collapse of the USSR there were about 6 million Russians and other Europeans in Kazakhstan - this is more than half of the country’s inhabitants. However, up to the present time there has been a constant outflow of the Russian-speaking population. According to official statistics, 84.4% of the population in the country speak Russian, but about 26% consider themselves Russian - approximately 4 million people, which makes up the largest Russian-speaking diaspora in the world.
National composition of Russia
Data on the national composition of Russia are determined through a written survey of the population as part of the All-Russian population census. According to the 2010 census, the population of Russia is 142,856,536 people, of which 137,227,107 people or 96.06% indicated their nationality.
Russians have the largest population. There are 111,016,896 Russians living in Russia, which is 77.71% of the Russian population or 80.90% of those who indicated their nationality. Next come the following nations: Tatars - 5,310,649 people (3.72% of all, 3.87% of those who indicated their nationality) and Ukrainians - 1,927,988 people or 1.35% of all, 1.41% of those who indicated their nationality .
Compared to the 2002 population census, the number of Russians decreased by 4,872,211 people or 4.20%.
The number of Tatars and Ukrainians also decreased by 243,952 (4.39%) and 1,014,973 (34.49%), respectively. Of the peoples whose population was more than 1 million people in 2010, a decrease in numbers occurred among all except the Chechens and Armenians. The population of Chechens increased by 71,107 people (5.23%), Armenians - by 51,897 (4.59%). In total, representatives of more than 180 nationalities (ethnic groups) live in Russia.
Some maps of Russia by national composition
Map of the settlement of Russians, Ukrainians and Crimean Tatars in Crimeaaccording to the 2014 census data in Crimea.
According to the table at the link, since the 2001 census, the share of Russians in Crimea has increased from 60.68% up 67.90% (by 7.22%) from persons who indicated their nationality.During the same time, the share of Ukrainians in Crimea decreased from 24.12% up 15.68% (by 8.44%). The total share of Crimean Tatars and Tatars has increased from 10.26% + 0.57% = 10.83% to 10.57% + 2.05% = 12.62% (total 1.79%).
Below is a table of nationalities inRussian Federationindicating the number in 2010 and 2000, the percentage of the total population of the Russian Federation and the number of persons indicating nationality. The table also shows the difference in the number of persons between censuses in quantitative and percentage terms. The table shows only nationalities whose number in the Russian Federation, according to the 2010 census, exceeds 100 thousand people. Full table at .
| № | Nationality | Number of people: 2010 | % of total population. | % of the decree current national |
Number of people: 2002 people. | % of total population. | % of the decree current national |
+/-
people |
+/-
% |
| TOTAL, RF | 142 856 536 | 100,00 | 145 166 731 | 100,00 | −2 310 195 | −1,59 | |||
| total of persons who indicated their nationality | 137 227 107 | 96,06 | 100 | 143 705 980 | 98,99 | 100,00 | −6 478 873 | −4,51 | |
| 1 | Russians* | 111 016 896 | 77,71 | 80,9 | 115 889 107 | 79,83 | 80,64 | −4 872 211 | −4,20 |
| did not indicate nationality** | 5 629 429 | 3,94 | 1 460 751 | 1,01 | 4 168 678 | 285,38 | |||
| 2 | Tatars | 5 310 649 | 3,72 | 3,87 | 5 554 601 | 3,83 | 3,87 | −243 952 | −4,39 |
| 3 | Ukrainians | 1 927 988 | 1,35 | 1,41 | 2 942 961 | 2,03 | 2,05 | −1 014 973 | −34,49 |
| 4 | Bashkirs | 1 584 554 | 1,11 | 1,16 | 1 673 389 | 1,15 | 1,16 | −88 835 | −5,31 |
| 5 | Chuvash | 1 435 872 | 1,01 | 1,05 | 1 637 094 | 1,13 | 1,14 | −201 222 | −12,29 |
| 6 | Chechens | 1 431 360 | 1,00 | 1,04 | 1 360 253 | 0,94 | 0,95 | 71 107 | 5,23 |
| 7 | Armenians | 1 182 388 | 0,83 | 0,86 | 1 130 491 | 0,78 | 0,79 | 51 897 | 4,59 |
| 8 | Avars | 912 090 | 0,64 | 0,67 | 814 473 | 0,56 | 0,57 | 97 617 | 11,99 |
| 9 | Mordva | 744 237 | 0,52 | 0,54 | 843 350 | 0,58 | 0,59 | −99 113 | −11,75 |
| 10 | Kazakhs | 647 732 | 0,45 | 0,47 | 653 962 | 0,45 | 0,46 | −6 230 | −0,95 |
| 11 | Azerbaijanis | 603 070 | 0,42 | 0,44 | 621 840 | 0,43 | 0,43 | −18 770 | −3,02 |
| 12 | Dargins | 589 386 | 0,41 | 0,43 | 510 156 | 0,35 | 0,35 | 79 230 | 15,53 |
| 13 | Udmurts | 552 299 | 0,39 | 0,40 | 636 906 | 0,44 | 0,44 | −84 607 | −13,28 |
| 14 | Mari | 547 605 | 0,38 | 0,40 | 604 298 | 0,42 | 0,42 | −56 693 | −9,38 |
| 15 | Ossetians | 528 515 | 0,37 | 0,39 | 514 875 | 0,36 | 0,36 | 13 640 | 2,65 |
| 16 | Belarusians | 521 443 | 0,37 | 0,38 | 807 970 | 0,56 | 0,56 | −286 527 | −35,46 |
| 17 | Kabardians | 516 826 | 0,36 | 0,38 | 519 958 | 0,36 | 0,36 | −3 132 | −0,60 |
| 18 | Kumyks | 503 060 | 0,35 | 0,37 | 422 409 | 0,29 | 0,29 | 80 651 | 19,09 |
| 19 | Yakuts | 478 085 | 0,34 | 0,35 | 443 852 | 0,31 | 0,31 | 34 233 | 7,71 |
| 20 | Lezgins | 473 722 | 0,33 | 0,35 | 411 535 | 0,28 | 0,29 | 62 187 | 15,11 |
| 21 | Buryats | 461 389 | 0,32 | 0,34 | 445 175 | 0,31 | 0,31 | 16 214 | 3,64 |
| 22 | Ingush | 444 833 | 0,31 | 0,32 | 413 016 | 0,29 | 0,29 | 31 817 | 7,70 |
| 23 | Germans | 394 138 | 0,28 | 0,29 | 597 212 | 0,41 | 0,42 | −203 074 | −34,00 |
| 24 | Uzbeks | 289 862 | 0,20 | 0,21 | 122 916 | 0,09 | 0,09 | 166 946 | 135,82 |
| 25 | Tuvans | 263 934 | 0,19 | 0,19 | 243 442 | 0,17 | 0,17 | 20 492 | 8,42 |
| 26 | Komi | 228 235 | 0,16 | 0,17 | 293 406 | 0,20 | 0,20 | −65 171 | −22,21 |
| 27 | Karachais | 218 403 | 0,15 | 0,16 | 192 182 | 0,13 | 0,13 | 26 221 | 13,64 |
| 28 | Gypsies | 204 958 | 0,14 | 0,15 | 182 766 | 0,13 | 0,13 | 22 192 | 12,14 |
| 29 | Tajiks | 200 303 | 0,14 | 0,15 | 120 136 | 0,08 | 0,08 | 80 167 | 66,73 |
| 30 | Kalmyks | 183 372 | 0,13 | 0,13 | 173 996 | 0,12 | 0,12 | 9 376 | 5,39 |
| 31 | Laktsy | 178 630 | 0,13 | 0,13 | 156 545 | 0,11 | 0,11 | 22 085 | 14,11 |
| 32 | Georgians | 157 803 | 0,11 | 0,12 | 197 934 | 0,14 | 0,14 | −40 131 | −20,27 |
| 33 | Jews | 156 801 | 0,11 | 0,11 | 229 938 | 0,16 | 0,16 | −73 137 | −31,81 |
| 34 | Moldovans | 156 400 | 0,11 | 0,11 | 172 330 | 0,12 | 0,12 | −15 930 | −9,24 |
| 35 | Koreans | 153 156 | 0,11 | 0,11 | 148 556 | 0,10 | 0,10 | 4 600 | 3,10 |
| 36 | Tabasarans | 146 360 | 0,10 | 0,11 | 131 785 | 0,09 | 0,09 | 14 575 | 11,06 |
| 37 | Adyghe people | 124 835 | 0,09 | 0,09 | 128 528 | 0,09 | 0,09 | −3 693 | −2,87 |
| 38 | Balkars | 112 924 | 0,08 | 0,08 | 108 426 | 0,08 | 0,08 | 4 498 | 4,15 |
| 39 | Turks | 105 058 | 0,07 | 0,08 | 92 415 | 0,06 | 0,06 | 12 643 | 13,68 |
| 40 | Nogais | 103 660 | 0,07 | 0,08 | 90 666 | 0,06 | 0,06 | 12 994 | 14,33 |
| 41 | Kyrgyz | 103 422 | 0,07 | 0,08 | 31 808 | 0,02 | 0,02 | 71 614 | 225,14 |
** - those who did not indicate nationality (2002, 2010), including persons for whom information was obtained from administrative sources (2010).