After Churchill. Man with a cigar
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill
Date and place of birth: November 30, 1874, Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, UK.
I don't need enchanting dreams. Facts are better than dreams.
Prime Minister of Great Britain in 1940-1945 and 1951-1955, British statesman and politician, military man (colonel), journalist, writer, honorary member of the British Academy, Nobel Prize laureate in literature (1953).
“The fateful day has come. My mother took me to the station in a carriage. She gave me three half-crown coins, which I dropped on the floor of the cab, and we dug through the straw looking for them. We just made it to the train. If we were late, the world would end. But we were not late, and life went on.” W. Churchill
Churchill was born on November 30, 1874 in Blenheim, the ancestral castle of the Duke of Marlborough family. Winston himself was extremely proud of belonging to them.
A Briton, a patriot to the core, he was a true gentleman, but for the sake of the cause he was ready to use not the most grateful methods. His character consistently combined excitement and caution, innovation and conservatism, irony and an invariable understanding of the seriousness of the historical moment.
Churchill was interested in politics from an early age and was convinced that he was born for great deeds and great achievements. He was never afraid to make mistakes; his life was not at all a smooth and consistent ascent to the heights of power.
He actually created the Royal Air Force, invented the tank, and reformed the navy. The main issues that occupied him as a politician were issues of defense and strengthening the power and prestige of the British Empire.
Churchill never traveled on a bus and was only on the subway once.
As a child, he stuttered and had a lisp.
He was born at seven months old, everyone thought that for this reason the boy subsequently did not shine in his studies and was very often sick.
He studied very poorly at school and did not like mathematics.
When Churchill was eight years old, he was sent to St. George's Preparatory School. Corporal punishment was practiced at school, and Winston, who constantly violated discipline, was often subjected to it.
In 1886 he suffered from severe pneumonia. Poor health, questionable academic achievements and indiscipline prompted his parents to send him away from Eton College, where the Marlborough men had studied for many generations.
At Harrow he took up fencing and achieved notable success, becoming the school champion in 1892.
Churchill was a great painter, he exhibited his works at the Louvre and he had the pseudonym Charles Morin, he painted about 500 works.
An interesting fact is that Churchill was a good writer, published more works than Walter Scott and Dickens, and even his fees were higher than Hemingway.
Many years later, Churchill competed for the Nobel Prize with Hemingway and won.
On his difficult road, he made many mistakes, but the most important thing is that he always found the strength to admit them.
He loved to play polo and until the age of 50, he was one of the strongest players in Great Britain.
Almost everyone knows that Churchill loved to drink Armenian cognac. And on our website there is an article about the history of cognac, which Stalin always sent as a gift to the Prime Minister.
In 1899, Churchill became famous in certain circles as a journalist, and his book about the Sudanese campaign, The River War, became a bestseller.
In July 1899 he received an offer to stand for Parliament as a Conservative Party candidate for Oldham. This year became his debut year as a politician.
One day at Brighton school, he had a fight with a classmate. He attacked him and stabbed him in the chest. Fortunately, this blow did not cause dangerous injuries.
Churchill even took part in the war. He was a war correspondent. He took part in the fighting against the Pashtuns in India, suppressed the Mahdist uprising in North Africa, and was even captured during the Boer War.
Churchill celebrated his 69th birthday with Stalin and Roosevelt.
Churchill met his strongest love of his youth in India, where he served in the 4th Hussars. In November 1896, 22-year-old Lieutenant Churchill went to a polo tournament in Secunderabad, where he met the daughter of the British resident in Hyderabad, Pamela Plowden. After a few years, they will quietly disperse. They will remain friends and maintain friendly relationships for the rest of their lives. Pamela once said, “Only when you meet Winston, you immediately see his shortcomings, but throughout the rest of your life you will discover his strengths.”
Always relaxed in the company of men, Winston was clumsy and awkward among women. He never mastered the secrets of small talk or small talk, especially if his interlocutors were young ladies.
As a cadet at Sandhurst Military Academy, Churchill met his first serious love - operetta star Mabel Love. Winston spent hours on duty at the doors of the Imperial Theater, hoping to get into the dressing room or at least get backstage. But the love was unrequited.
In his youth, Winston dislocated his shoulder, and this injury periodically bothered him. Another dislocation occurred on the eve of the final of the inter-regimental polo tournament. Churchill could hardly move his arm, but his friends persuaded him to play, assuring him that his experience and enthusiasm would be decisive. Winston's team won.
Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill died on the 70th anniversary of the death of his father Lord Randolph on January 24, 1965 at his London home, 28 Hyde Park Gate.
In 1919, after the end of the war, a new cabinet was formed, and Churchill received the portfolios of Minister of War and Minister of Aviation.
In 1932, Churchill was given a Daimler, and all because that same year he was in New York, where he was hit by a car, and in order to smooth out the unpleasant memories of this accident, his friends gave him the car after he returned to England.
In British history, only five non-royals have been given a state funeral: Pitt II, Nelson, Wellington, Gladstone and Churchill.
For three days, an endless stream of people went to Westminster to say goodbye to the former leader of the nation. To ensure that as many people as possible could pay their respects, the London Underground worked around the clock. Points for free distribution of hot soup, sandwiches and tea were set up on the streets. Churchill's funeral not only became the crown of a bygone era, it itself acquired the status of an event of historical proportions.
Queen Elizabeth II attended his funeral service.
Quotes and aphorisms
Russians have always been underestimated, and yet they know how to keep secrets not only from their enemies, but also from their friends.
We have a lot of anxieties, and one cancels out another very often.
I don't need enchanting dreams. Facts are better than dreams.
I owe my longevity to sports. I've never done it.
The best way to ruin a relationship is to start sorting it out.
Success is the ability to move from one failure to another without losing enthusiasm.
Nothing in life is more exhilarating than being shot at and missing.
There is a monstrous amount of false speculation going around the world, and the worst thing is that half of them are pure truth.
Success is not the end, failure is not the end: the only thing that matters is the courage to continue the fight.
Don’t wish for health and wealth, but wish for good luck, because everyone on the Titanic was rich and healthy, but only a few were lucky!
Responsibility is the price we pay for power.
School has nothing to do with education. This is a control institute where children are taught basic social skills.
A pessimist sees difficulties at every opportunity; An optimist sees opportunity in every difficulty.
It is no use saying, “We are doing the best we can.” We must do what is necessary!
Saving money is a useful thing, especially if your parents have already done it.
A stupid person is the one who never changes his opinion.
A politician must be able to predict what will happen tomorrow, in a week, in a month and in a year. And then explain why this did not happen.
Not a single star will shine until there is a person who will hold a black cloth behind him.
War is when completely innocent people die for the interests of others.
Russians may seem narrow-minded, impudent or even stupid people, but all that remains is to pray to those who stand in their way.
Whoever agrees with everyone, no one agrees with.
It is better to be making the news than taking it.
When eagles are silent, parrots chatter.
If you kill a killer, the number of killers will not change.
It's not a matter of age, but a matter of culture of communication and level of intellectual development.
Looking too far ahead is shortsighted.
Winston, you're drunk!
- That's right. And you are ugly. I'll sober up tomorrow morning. And you will remain ugly.
I'm too busy to have time to worry.
Do you have any enemies? Fine. This means that you once stood for something in your life.
If the newspapers start writing about quitting smoking, I’d better quit reading.
Our life is like a one-way road, and it is important not to miss your turn, because there will be no turning back.
140 years ago, on November 30, 1874, Winston Churchill was born, and contrary to popular belief, he was not born in a women's restroom, and most likely, at full term.
This is one of the most common tales regarding the great Briton, they say: “Winston Churchill was born at seven months old during a ball at Blenheim Palace, in the women's restroom (option: in the ladies' dressing room on coats piled in a heap).” As with most tales, there is a mixture of truth and fiction.
“And they teased me as a ‘premature baby,’ even though I was born at normal term” (c) Vysotsky
Winston Churchill's parents married on April 15, 1874, after eight months of engagement and long negotiations regarding the financial aspects of this, one of the first weddings of British titles and American money. In the early autumn of 1874, the newlyweds settled in Blenheim Palace, the family estate of the Dukes of Marlborough, where they planned to give birth to their first child.
State Room of Blenheim Palace
On Sunday, November 29, the next annual St. Andrew's Ball was supposed to take place at Blenheim Palace, which they decided not to cancel due to Lady Churchill's pregnancy. And naturally, the hostess of the ball was present at it, although there is no reliable information that she danced pirouettes there.
The party was not yet over when Lady Churchill felt labor pains and they tried to take her to her own bedroom. But the pain was so severe that they decided to place the woman in labor in the room with a bed closest to the ballroom.
Winston Churchill was born in this room
Currently, Blenheim Palace is open to tourists, who are also shown the room where Winston Churchill was born. It once belonged to the chaplains of the Dukes of Marlborough, and although modest, it has a completely decent appearance. There is a bed in the center and there is nothing resembling a women's changing room/wardrobe/restroom/toilet.
And it’s unlikely that on that significant evening of November 30, 1874, this room was used as a dressing room, where guests piled up their furs, muffs and boas (on which Lady Randolph Churchill allegedly gave birth). The tea palace of the Dukes of Marlborough is not the Palace of Culture of the Plant named after. Malysheva".
Seven-year-old Winnie Churchill. Cute boys often grow into guys who are far from handsome
Moreover, she gave birth to her Winnie (as Winston Churchill was affectionately called even in old age) at 1:30 a.m., and by that time the guests had long left. And in the morning, the London Times notified the public: “On November 30, at Blenheim Palace, Lady Randolph Churchill gave birth prematurely to her son,” although many of the Times did not believe it.
One of Churchill’s biographers, G. Pelling, formulated these doubts in a gentlemanly manner: “We cannot say for sure whether Winston’s early birth was due to his own haste, or whether it was Lord Randolph’s haste.” Everyone knows that in sanctimonious Victorian England, premarital sex was condemned, which did not stop the English from debauchery before marriage left and right (usually left).
Winston Churchill Biography Winston Churchill Biography
Churchill Winston Leonard Spencer (1874 - 1965)
Winston Churchill
Biography
English politician, statesman, Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940-1945 and 1951-1955). Winston Churchill was born on November 30, 1874 in Blenim, near Woodstock (Oxfordshire, UK) in the family of R.G. Churchill, who was related to the Dukes of Marlborough. Winston Churchill received his education at the privileged school of Harrow and at the military cavalry school. In 1896-98 he served in India, taking a direct part in suppressing the uprising on the northwestern border. He took part in military operations against Sudan, which ended with the capture of this country by British troops. In 1897, as war correspondent for the London Daily Telegraph, Churchill joined General Blood's expedition to the Strait of Malakand. In the same status, Churchill took part in the initial stage of the Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902 in South Africa. There, on November 15, 1899, Churchill was captured by Louis Botha, the future first prime minister of the Union of South Africa and a close friend of Churchill. After his release from captivity, Churchill left military service and spent some time in the United States, where he lectured, and upon returning to England, he began to build his political career with the money he received. In 1900 he was elected to parliament from the Conservative Party. In 1904 he joined the Liberal Party, from which he entered the House of Commons in 1906. In 1906-08, Winston Churchill was appointed Deputy Secretary of State for the Colonies of Great Britain, in 1908-1910 - Minister of Trade, in 1910-1911 - Minister of the Interior, in 1911 - Minister of the Navy - First Lord of the Admiralty, leading the British fleet in the 1st World War war 1914-1918. Churchill's main achievement in those years was the creation of the British Royal Air Force. However, after the unsuccessful operation of the Air Force in the Dardanelles, carried out in 1915, Churchill was subjected to serious criticism and in 1916 was forced to resign. With the rank of lieutenant general, commanding the 6th Regiment of the Royal Fusiliers, Churchill went to the front. However, soon, in 1917, Prime Minister Lloyd George recalled him from the front, appointing him Minister of War Supply. Churchill held this post until 1918. In 1919-1921, Winston Churchill was Minister of War and Minister of Aviation. In 1924 he returned to the Conservative Party. In 1924-1929, Churchill was Minister of Finance in the cabinet of S. Baldwin. In 1925 the gold standard of the pound sterling was reintroduced. After Great Britain entered World War II, in September 1939, Winston Churchill was appointed Minister of the Navy in the government of N. Chamberlain. In May 1940, after Great Britain entered World War II and the resignation of N. Chamberlain, Winston Churchill became prime minister of the coalition government. In July 1941, Churchill's government signed an agreement with the USSR on joint actions against Nazi Germany, and in May 1942, an agreement on alliance in the war against Germany. Winston Churchill took part in the Tehran (1943), Crimean (1945) and Potsdam (1945) conferences. After the defeat of the Conservatives in the parliamentary elections in July 1945, Winston Churchill's government resigned. On March 5, 1946, in the city of Fulton (Missouri, USA), Churchill, in the presence of US President Harry Truman, gave a speech in which he called for the strengthening of the United Nations and the creation of a military-political alliance between Great Britain and the United States, directed against the USSR and communist countries with the goal of preventing a new war and preserving freedom and democracy; in August in Zurich he gave a speech “Wake up, Europe!”, calling for the unity of European countries - the winners and the vanquished. In 1951, Churchill was again appointed Prime Minister and resigned in 1955. In 1953, Winston Churchill received a knighthood and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. In 1963 he became an honorary US citizen. Winston Churchill died on January 24, 1965 in London. He was buried in the county of Oxfordshire. Among the works of Winston Churchill are journalism, books of the historical and memoir genre.
__________
Information sources:
Encyclopedic resource www.rubricon.com (Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary, Encyclopedic Dictionary “World History”, Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary)
Radio Liberty
Project "Russia Congratulates!" - www.prazdniki.ru
(Source: “Aphorisms from around the world. Encyclopedia of wisdom.” www.foxdesign.ru)
. Academician 2011.
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Winston Churchill - British statesman and politician, Prime Minister of Great Britain in 1940-1945 and 1951-1955; military man, journalist, writer, honorary member of the British Academy. In 1953, Churchill was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.
Churchill is one of the most famous people of the 20th century. There are many interesting events in it, which we will talk about in this article.
So, in front of you biography of Winston Churchill.
Biography of Churchill
His father, Randolph Henry Spencer, was a lord and politician, and also served as Chancellor of the Exchequer.
Mother, Lady Randolph, was the daughter of a wealthy businessman. It follows from this that Winston's childhood passed in very favorable conditions.
Childhood
However, despite the luxury of home, the child was deprived of the attention of his parents. His father spent all his time at work, engaged in political affairs, and his mother was completely absorbed in social life.
As a result, Churchill's actual upbringing fell on the shoulders of his nanny Elizabeth, who became his best friend. How can we not remember his poem to the nanny: “Friend of my harsh days...”
Education
When Churchill was 7 years old, he went to the prestigious St. George's School. In it, teachers paid more attention than to studying. Students were severely punished for the slightest violation of established rules.
Since Winston Churchill was not very diligent as a child, he often violated discipline. As a result, the boy was repeatedly spanked.
When the nanny one day saw marks of beatings on Winston’s body, she immediately told his parents about it, as a result of which they transferred their son to another educational institution located in Brighton.
Churchill in his youth According to teachers, Churchill had good academic performance, but also the most disgusting behavior among all the students in the group.
When he was 12 years old, he suffered from pneumonia, which led to serious complications. In this regard, he had to study at the less prestigious Harrow, and not at Eton College, where many men from their family studied.
But the parents of the future politician considered that the child’s health was more important than family traditions.
At his new place of study, Winston Churchill did not strive to get high grades, but rather the opposite - he studied only what was truly interesting to him.
26-year-old Churchill in 1900 This upset his parents very much, so after 3 years they decided to transfer him to the “army class”, in which the main emphasis was on studying military affairs. As it turns out later, this transition will play an important role in Churchill’s biography.
At this educational institution, he was one of those few students who managed to pass all exams perfectly. Thanks to this, he was able to enter an elite military school, where Winston also continued to study well. As a result, he graduated with the rank of junior lieutenant.
Military career
At the age of 21, Churchill was enlisted in the 4th Royal Hussars.
After studying there for several months, he realized that he was not at all interested in a military career. He shared his experiences with his mother during correspondence.
Then his mother decided to help Winston change his occupation with the help of her extensive connections. As a result, the young man was assigned to be a military journalist in Cuba, continuing to be a member of the hussar regiment.
Churchill's first articles received positive feedback from readers and even allowed him to earn a very respectable sum of 25 guineas.
It was in Cuba that Churchill acquired the habit of smoking cigars, which he could not give up until the last days of his life.
In 1896, Churchill went on a business trip to India, and then to. An interesting fact is that in addition to journalism, Winston repeatedly participated in heavy battles, showing extraordinary courage and bravery.
Political biography
In 1899, Churchill became seriously interested in politics. However, his first attempt to enter parliament was a fiasco. As a result, he again decided to take up journalism. He went to, where the Boer War was taking place at that time.
During this period of his biography, Churchill was captured, but soon he managed to make a successful escape. After that he became a real hero.
An interesting fact is that even after his escape, Churchill continued to participate in battles. Moreover, he became one of those who freed his compatriots from the prison in which he himself was held during his captivity.
Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin at the Yalta Conference, February 1945 The leaders of the Big Three made major decisions about the future division of the world between the victorious countries.
During this period, Great Britain was experiencing an economic crisis, and the common people were in distress.
Leaving politics
Despite the fact that Winston Churchill brought victory to his nation, he did not have the support of voters at the next election. For this reason, he resigned and left politics.
After this, Churchill’s biography takes a sharp turn, and he again begins to actively engage in writing, as well as be interested in simple everyday work.
Churchill personally built various buildings out of bricks, raised pigs and planted trees. But he did not have time to enjoy this peace. Very soon another significant event occurred in his biography.
Return to politics
In 1951, when Churchill was already 76 years old, he again assumed the post of Prime Minister of Great Britain.
Now he sought to create nuclear weapons, wanting to return Britain to its former military power.
However, the years took their toll, and his health became worse. He was treated for heart failure, eczema and developing deafness.
In February 1952, he apparently suffered another stroke and lost the ability to speak coherently for several months.
In June 1953, the attack repeated, and he was paralyzed on the left side for several months.
Despite this, Churchill categorically refused to retire.
And only on April 5, 1955, he resigned from the post of Prime Minister of Great Britain due to age and health conditions.
Personal life
The only love in Churchill's biography was Clementine Hozier, who was a very wise and educated woman. Winston lived with her for 57 happy years.
It is interesting that the Prime Minister discussed many state issues with his wife, and only after that made any decisions. By the way, at one time he did the same.
By some miracle, Clementine managed to find an approach to her hot-tempered and obstinate husband.
Winston Churchill with his wife Winston Churchill himself repeatedly said that no other woman could stand his character. In their marriage they had five children.
The wife turned a blind eye to many of Winston. It is worth noting that Churchill almost never parted with a cigar and was a very gambling person.
He could spend days and nights in gambling houses, forgetting about everything in the world. After his death, Hozier lived for another 12 years, remaining faithful to her husband.
Death
Winston Churchill died on January 24, 1965 at the age of 90. His death was the result of a stroke.
The funeral ceremony of the most famous British prime minister was led by Queen Elizabeth 2 and became the largest in British history.
Representatives of 112 states attended the funeral. The funeral of Winston Churchill was broadcast by many television channels around the world, thanks to which hundreds of millions of people watched the funeral event.
At the request of the politician, he was buried in the cemetery in Blaydon, not far from his birthplace.
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Churchill, Winston Leonard Spencer
(Churchill, Winston Leonard Spencer) (1874 - 1965)
Among the works of Winston Churchill are journalism, books of historical and memoir genre: “The History of the Malakand Field Force” (1898; first book; notes on the operation in North-West India), “War on the River” (The River War; 2 volumes; 1899; notes on the operation in Sudan), "From London to Ladysmith via Pretoria" (London to Ladysmith via Pretoria, 1900), "Life of Lord Randolph Churchill" (1905; in print) published in January 1906; memories of his father), “The World Crisis, 1916–1918; 4 volumes; 1923-1929; about the history of the First World War,” “Marlborough: His Life and Times” ( Marlborough, his Life and Time; 6 volumes; 1933-1938; biography of Duke John Churchill Marlborough), "My Early Years" (1930; the first book of autobiography, covering the period from birth to 1901), "Reflections and Adventures", ( 1932; second book of autobiography), “Great Contemporaries” (1937; third book of autobiography), “World War II”, “History of English-speaking peoples”.
Information sources: