How are Bazarov and Arkady different? Bazarov and Arkady generation of young people

What brings together and what separates these heroes of the novel "Fathers and Sons"?

Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov are connected by a nihilistic theory, a social movement of young people who understood the need for urgent reforms. Arkady's ardent desire to participate in the birth of new ideas for reforming society brought him under the tutelage of Bazarov, who liked the role of mentor and teacher, which is why he tried to get closer to Arkady. At first, the “student” really wanted to please the “teacher”; he even began to “re-educate” his father, Nikolai Petrovich. As it turned out later, Arkady and Evgeny actually had neither friendship nor a common cause. Later, Bazarov calls his “student” a “soft liberal gentleman” in whom there is “neither insolence nor anger”, and therefore he is not suitable “for a bitter, tart, bourgeois life.” And Arkady himself understood that their paths would diverge: he would get married, and having created a family, he would continue the family traditions of the Kirsanov nobles.

Bazarov needed supporters, followers, students, like a retinue for a king. And Arkady is convinced of this when he asks about Sitnikov: “...why is he here?” Bazarov’s answer shows the bottomless abyss of his pride: “You, brother, are still stupid... We need the Sitnikovs. I... need idiots like this. It’s really not for the gods to burn pots.” Arkady understands that he, too, is one of the “boobies,” and this offends him.

To reveal the ideological content of the novel, the episode where the characters talk while lying on the hay is of great importance. The ideological dispute that began on the Kirsanov estate continues here. Arkady, who seemed to be like-minded with Bazarov, gradually realizes how far his ideas about the impending changes in life are from the nihilistic theory of his friend and mentor.
In the previous (XIX chapter) the author notes that “for some time now a kind of false, cheeky banter has been established between both young people, which always serves as a sign of secret displeasure or unspoken suspicions.” It was on this evening that Arkady realized that Bazarov despises those who consider themselves his students. He himself did not feel respect for Sitnikov and Kukshina, but he would not want to subject them to insults, although he sometimes unwittingly participates in very unpleasant scenes of humiliation of “like-minded people.”

The conversation of young people under a haystack helps to reveal new sides of Bazarov’s character and his relationship with Arkady. Bazarov's tragic situation is that he is rejected by the woman he loves. But even Arkady does not understand his friend, although Evgeny admitted to him that he was defeated. For the first time, Bazarov realized what a collapse in thoughts and hopes was. He is deeply worried, he has lost weight, cannot sleep, is almost sick. For him, who denied love as romanticism and unforgivable stupidity, the truth was suddenly revealed: the human heart is capable of deep and strong feelings when the mind and life are subordinated to one goal - to be close to the beloved. Until recently, Bazarov did not seek to commit himself to a serious relationship with a woman and could have acted like others: “God give me legs.” Now Evgeniy assures Arkady that he is not like that. It turned out that the test of love revealed the strong, robust nature of a person capable of responsibly resolving issues of relations between a man and a woman. But it was precisely during this turning point and difficult period for Bazarov that he was suddenly thrown away by a blow of denial, like an unnecessary object or an undesirable phenomenon in the life of the one who had become dearer to him than anything in the world.

In a conversation with Arkady under a haystack, Bazarov promises that he will no longer talk about feelings. He struggles with his pain, trying to be philosophical about what is happening. He is looking for a fulcrum and talks about the insignificance of a grain of sand, an “atom”, a “mathematical point” in comparison with world space, in comparison with the universe: “... and the part of time that I manage to live is so insignificant before eternity.. ." Deep melancholy and tragic loneliness are heard in these words of Bazarov, who begins to realize that he is losing not only the barely born hope of happiness of being loved, but in general in life he is alone: ​​there are no real students, no like-minded people, and he has long been estranged from his parents.

Bazarov, in a dispute with Arkady, declares that he has not yet met his equals among those around him, which explains his contempt for people. He also recalls how he felt hatred for the peasant, for whom “public figures should try” to improve the life of the peasant. Evgeny uttered these words as they walked past the good-quality house of the headman of the peasant community in the village where Bazarov’s parents lived. Evgeniy begins to contradict himself: he is dissatisfied with everything, he is tormented by hatred, and he no longer wants to devote his life to the struggle for something new. Arkady tries to stop his friend, reminding him that it is possible to reach an agreement until the nihilists have no principles, and Bazarov says that there are no principles, but only sensations.

In the dispute, they reach contradictions in relation to literature, to the thinking abilities of a person and his speech. “Don’t speak beautifully,” Bazarov urges Arkady when he compares a falling leaf to the flight of a butterfly. Arkady is outraged by such an imposition of the elder’s will, as well as by the arrogance of the “teacher”, who predicts his life “in the footsteps” of his uncle and at the same time calls Pavel Petrovich an idiot. As a result, the friends almost quarreled, and A. Kirsanov suggested that “no friendship can withstand such clashes for long.”

The episode showed that the time has come for Arkady Kirsanov to move away from Bazarov, their paths will soon diverge. It was in a conversation under a haystack that the “student” showed a desire to break free from the power of the “teacher” and boldly objected to him. They have different points of view on love, on marriage, on attitudes towards parents, different views on life goals, on social movements, attitudes towards peasants, on the role of a person in society. They argue about the principles of aristocrats and the “feelings” of nihilists, about Pushkin and the peculiarities of human speech, about the sense of justice.

The author does not express obvious sympathy for any of the characters, but his attitude is conveyed through speech characteristics, through the perception of nature (the old noble house and greenery around), through statements about Bazarov’s parents. The author’s attitude towards the characters is manifested with the help of colloquial expressions and evaluative epithets: “this idiot would be glad”, “I’ll grab you by the throat”, long and stiff fingers, an ominous face, a serious threat, a wry smile if we are talking about Bazarov, but “involuntary timidity” ”, if the state of Arkady is described, who “resists as if jokingly.”

Arkady, as it turned out, was much closer in his beliefs to the aristocrats than to the nihilist Bazarov. He loved nature, poetry and music; he could not be annoyed by his father’s passion for playing the cello. And he also had the desire to run the household correctly and economically, to work on the family estate. Later, Arkady even achieves some success on his estate.
Arkady's attitude towards love and family values ​​also differed from Eugene's nihilistic views.
A. Kirsanov falls in love, he is happy in love and becomes a good family man.

Bazarov’s monologues helped to better know and understand the hero, but then there was an aggravation of contradictions between the young people, and dialogues with Arkady revealed a tendency towards divergence not only in beliefs, but also in the paths they would take next.

Reviews

In school lessons I didn’t understand Bazarov. Now, having some life experience, I can say: Bazarov builds his life, but he himself does not fully understand the essence of his personality. He is not the way he sees himself. Hence all his contradictions.

Best regards, Galina

PS. I love Turgenev! And I disagree with D. Bykov: Turgenev is not a forgotten author.

The theme of friendship is one of the leading ones in Russian literature of the 19th century. “My friends, our union is wonderful! He, like a soul, is indivisible and eternal” - this is how A.S. characterized him. Pushkin true friendship.

The theme of friendship is also presented in the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons".

The main character of the novel, Yevgeny Bazarov, appears before the reader along with his friend Arkady. It seems like they are like-minded people. Friends study together at the medical faculty of the university. Arkady idolizes his comrade, admires his progressive views, extraordinary character and independent behavior. And Bazarov is one of those people who needs students and admirers. However, this friendship turned out to be short-lived. What is the reason?

Bazarov and Arkady are completely different people. According to his convictions, Bazarov is “a democrat to the core.” Arkady falls under the influence of Bazarov and wants to be like him.

Bazarov, in any environment, in any home, is engaged in business - the natural sciences, the study of nature and testing theoretical discoveries in practice. Arkady does not do anything; none of the serious matters really captivates him. For him, the main thing is comfort and peace.

They have completely different opinions regarding art. Bazarov denies Pushkin, and unfoundedly. Arkady is trying to prove to him the greatness of the poet. Bazarov hates many, but Arkady has no enemies. Arkady cannot live without principles. In this way he is very close to his liberal father and Pavel Petrovich. Arkady is always neat, tidy, well dressed, and has aristocratic manners. Bazarov does not consider it necessary to observe the rules of good manners, so important in the life of a nobleman. This is reflected in all his actions, habits, manners, and speech patterns.

The development of relations between Bazarov and Arkady develops into a conflict. Bazarov’s views do not become an organic part of Arkady’s worldview, which is why he abandons them so easily. “Your brother, a nobleman,” says Bazarov to Arkady, “cannot go beyond noble humility or noble boiling, and this is nothing. You, for example, don’t fight - and you already imagine yourself to be great - but we want to fight.” Bazarov disagrees with Arkady on the main thing - his idea of ​​life, the purpose of man.

Bazarov and Arkady say goodbye forever. Bazarov breaks up with Arkady without saying a single friendly word to him. Bazarov says that he has other words for Arkady, but to express them is romanticism for Bazarov.

Their relationship cannot be called friendship, because friendship is impossible without mutual understanding, friendship cannot be based on the subordination of one to the other. “Bazarov’s attitude towards his comrade casts a bright streak of light on his character; Bazarov has no friend, because he has not yet met a person who would not give in to him. Bazarov’s personality closes in on itself, because outside of it and around it there are almost no elements related to it at all” (D. Pisarev) - this is the main thing in the disagreements of the heroes.

His work “Fathers and Sons” Turgenev I.S. created at a time when questions about the abolition of serfdom were raised, at a time when disputes began between democrats and liberals. He guessed those temporary moods, like a true creator, when the type of democracy replaced the noble intelligentsia.

The author in the novel reveals a two-sided problem, which is immediately visible in the title of the work. The problems of generation are the first side, and the second is the inconsistency of liberalism and democracy. Bazarov and Kirsanov are the heroes of the novel, in theory they should be on the same side, but this did not happen.

When compiling characteristics of friends in his novel, Turgenev uses portraits and dialogue. The essence of philosophy and politics in disputes is especially conveyed in dialogues. The main conflict between Bazarov and Kirsanov can be seen precisely in the heated dialogue. The main difference in opinion between Evgeny and Arkady was the importance of a person. Since there was no mutual understanding between these people, their relationship cannot be called friendship. Subordination of one person to another is not friendship. Arkady is a weaker person by nature, so throughout the entire work his subordination to Bazarov is visible. However, over time, Kirsanov ceases to unquestioningly repeat and support the thoughts and aspirations of the nihilist and, having acquired his own opinion, begins to give out his thoughts.

A characteristic difference between the participants in the novel is visible in the behavior when they arrived at the estate of Arkady and his family. Bazarov studies nature, the best activity for him is work. He is entirely in favor of science, which should be accessible to ordinary people. A scientific worker, constantly experimenting, he will simply drown in his profession. Arkady, unlike Bazarov, is a slacker. He is completely different - weak, apathetic, lethargic. There is a liberal urgency in his image. Any important matter does not attract him in any way, no matter what he undertakes. For Kirsanov, the main thing is to have peace and, of course, comfort.

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev slowly shows the difference in the worldviews of his “friends”, different views on worldly values ​​that occupy a fundamental place in life - such as love, nature, poetry... Arkady’s opposition to Bazarov’s views is increasingly noticeable. The “student” (Arkady) step by step leaves the control of the “Teacher”. The main difference between these heroes of the novel is their views on people. By his own admission, Bazarov has an aversion to many people, which cannot be said about Arkady, who has no hated enemies. One is soft-spoken, the second is rude and harsh. Knowing that his friend will no longer be an associate, Bazarov informs him that he is “a weakling with a tender soul.” The “disciple” will not exist without principles. Arkady belongs to the older generation, to the era of the “fathers”. Therefore, in his judgment, he is close to his father, the liberal Pavel Petrovich.

You cannot evaluate the morals of “fathers” and “children”; there is both good and not so good, something contradictory in any generation. The only thing important to understand is that friends Evgeny Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov, living in the same generation, cannot find mutual understanding. The era described is critical and complex; regardless of age, it divided the heroes into “fathers” and “children.”

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I have a very good school. A kind teacher teaches me and my classmates, she tells us how to count, writes letters and words on the board so that we can write them in our notebooks.

Arkady and Bazarov are very different people, and the friendship that arose between them is all the more surprising. Despite the young people belonging to the same era, they are very different. It is necessary to take into account that they initially belong to different circles of society. Arkady is the son of a nobleman; from early childhood he absorbed what Bazarov despises and denies in his nihilism. Father and uncle Kirsanov are intelligent people who value aesthetics, beauty and poetry. From Bazarov’s point of view, Arkady is a soft-hearted “barich”, a weakling. Bazarov does not want to admit that the liberality of the Kirsanovs is a consequence of deep education, artistic talent and high spirituality of nature. Bazarov denies such qualities as completely unnecessary. However, in this case we are talking not only about intelligence, but also about the deep continuity of the experience of previous generations, about the preservation of traditions and the entire cultural heritage.

The family theme played a big role in Russian literature, so the demonstration of intra-family conflict turned out to be revolutionary. The integrity and harmony of society was measured by the unity of the family. Consequently, such problems turned out to be not just family problems, but also problems of the entire society.

Bazarov attracted Arkady with his sharpness, originality and courage. For the young “barich” such personalities were a novelty. Arkady has become a kind of embodiment of youth, which is drawn to everything new and unusual, is easily carried away by new ideas, and has a keen interest in life in all its manifestations. Arkady is looking for his own path in life through trial and error. His attitude towards traditions, authorities and other things important to his father is quite frivolous. He lacks the wisdom of age, tolerance and consideration for other people that his father has. The conflict between Arkady and Nikolai Petrovich does not contain any political origin; it is cleared of social motives. Its essence is the eternal misunderstanding between youth and old age. However, this situation does not at all contradict the nature of things. On the contrary, old age is a guarantor of the preservation of moral values, cultural heritage and traditions in society. Youth, in turn, ensures the movement of progress with its craving for everything new and unknown.

Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov is a completely different matter. He came from a simple family, he is even somewhat ashamed of his parents. He is harsh, at times rude, decisive, categorical in his judgments and categorical in his conclusions. He quite sincerely believes that a good chemist is worth twenty poets. He does not understand the role of culture in society. He proposes to destroy everything in order to start writing history anew from scratch. This sometimes drives Pavel Petrovich, with whom he argues, into despair. We see maximalism on both sides taken to the extreme. Neither one nor the other wants to give in to each other and admit that their opponent is right. This is their main mistake. All sides are right up to a point. Pavel Petrovich is also right when he speaks of the need to preserve the heritage of his ancestors, and Bazarov is also right when he speaks of the need for change. Both of these sides are sides of the same coin. Both are sincerely concerned about the fate of their native country, but their methods are different.

The friendship of Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov begins to crack when Bazarov falls in love with Odintsova, and Arkady with Katya. Here their differences are fully revealed. If feeling is difficult for Bazarov, he cannot surrender to love, then Arkady and Katya learn to be themselves. Bazarov moves away from his friend, as if feeling his rightness, and not his own.

The image of Arkady was drawn in order to highlight the image of Bazarov and show the versatility of human nature and the same social problem. This makes the image of Bazarov even more lonely and tragic. Bazarov is considered, like Rudin, Pechorin, Onegin and Oblomov, a “superfluous man.” He has no place in this life, although such rebels always arise in troubled times.

The novel by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev already reflected the main conflict of the work in its title. Like a sharp gust of fresh wind, a “new man” bursts into the midst of the “good representatives of the nobility” - the son of a doctor, democrat, nihilist Bazarov. He is the embodiment of the denial of the usual life of a noble estate, its emptiness. The contradictions between conservatives and democrats are at the forefront of the novel. However, the analysis of the conflict between characters who formally belong to the same camp, but are, at first glance, allies, is especially interesting. Almost at the very beginning of the work, the reader meets Arkady Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov. An advanced student, a democrat, comes to stay at his friend’s estate. Arkady is sincerely grateful for this, he tells his father: “He is so kind that he agreed to stay with us!”

We can say that Bazarov deigns to be friends with young Kirsanov. Arkady is passionate about Bazarov’s ideas, he is one of his best “students”. The man is smart and insightful. Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov quickly realized that it was impossible to make Arkady “one of his own,” to completely change his views. The image of Arkady Kirsanov, thus, occupies a very special place in the novel. On the one hand, he is adjacent to the camp of the “children,” in other words, the revolutionaries, and on the other hand, he is an integral part of the camp of the “fathers.” The author himself emphasizes this: “Look at the faces of Nikolai Petrovich. Pavel Petrovich. Arcadia. Weakness, lethargy or limitation."
One of the main techniques for creating images (in this work by Turgenev is contrast. Thus, Arkady differs in some character traits and in some views from his father and grandfather. He strives for something new, his passion for the natural sciences is probably not only a deer to fashion ". Arkady strives to imitate Bazarov in everything, listens to his advice. The young Kirsanov is by no means devoid of positive qualities. He is intelligent and inquisitive. However, the main difference between these characters, also created on the basis of contrast, was pointed out by the author of the novel: "Arkady was a sybaritist, Bazarov worked "

Bazarov does not want to be a slave to the principles that others have come up with, to blindly follow traditions; he denies principles “taken on faith.” He is a direct person, often even harsh. Speaking about his convictions, Evgeniy is not at all inclined to soften or smooth them out. It would seem that. Many of Bazarov’s views are shared by Arkady. But this “master’s” passion for nihilism is very superficial. In addition, some of Evgeniy’s statements unpleasantly offend Kirsanov. Such, for example, are Bazarov’s words about women and art.
In order to show the common features of Arkady and Bazarov and what distinguishes these heroes from each other, I. S. Turgenev, one might say, puts them through the same tests. The characters' personalities are especially evident in situations where they need to make a choice. When the friends arrived at Kirsanov’s estate. Arkady realized that his uncle did not immediately like Evgeny Bazarov. But this time he took the side of someone who considered him not only his friend, but also his teacher. Bazarov was not at all embarrassed; he even deliberately emphasized the harshness of his own manners and judgments.
As the novel progresses, the author exposes both heroes to temptation; he invites them to choose “noble happiness.” It is embodied in the images of Katerina and Anna
Odintsov. Arkady, who was at first captivated by Anna Sergeevna’s extraordinary nature, this time listens to Evgeny’s advice to pay attention to his younger sister. In sweet Katerina Odintsova, Arkady finds spontaneity, sincerity, and openness. who are close to his nature. He even plays music, although he is embarrassed when he catches Bazarov doing this. Perhaps, it is on Odintsova’s estate that Arkady realizes that the harsh life that Bazarov calls for is not at all an ideal for him, Kirsanov. In Katenka he finds his destiny and is quite happy. By the way, his “nihilistic” knowledge came in handy in life. Arkady managed to run the household much better than his father. Bazarov finally realized that Arkady was only a temporary ally, which means it was necessary to part with him. Saying goodbye to him, Evgeniy says: “... we say goodbye forever, and you feel it yourself... There is neither insolence nor anger in you, but there is youthful courage and youth
fervor: this is not suitable for our destiny.” It is in this conversation that Bazarov utters words that can be called historical, gives an unusually accurate description of both Arkady and people like him: “You are a nice fellow, but you are still soft,
liberal barich...” Evgeniy understands that she is harsh. The life full of hardships for which he is preparing himself does not suit Kirsanov at all. Various feelings are fighting in Bazarov’s soul: “regret, fear of being upset.” The author managed to psychologically correctly convey this state in the hero’s speech. Evgeniy says in a friendly manner: “Goodbye, brother!”, and then, as if having come to his senses, ironically adds:
“Farewell, sir!”
In the novel “Fathers and Sons,” it is Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov who is the most complex and contradictory character. He is lonely and his attempts to find friendship and love are practically fruitless. Turgenev believed that Bazarov was a “tragic face.” And this statement is true. The tragedy of Yevgeny Bazarov is not only that his time has not come yet, not only that he cannot find happiness, but also that. that he deliberately refuses this happiness. It seems that Evgeniy is afraid to freely express his feelings and is trying to seem harsher. even rude, more rational than he really is. Perhaps this reflects the same fear of “being overwhelmed.” Only before his death are qualities revealed in him that previously the reader could only guess about: tenderness for his parents hidden under external severity and indifference, the poetry of his love for Anna Sergeevna Odintsova. The hero is filled with a thirst for life and work for the good of the country, but he understands that he can’t do anything; All that remains is to face death with dignity and courage. And Bazarov finally allows true feelings to break through, for the first time he speaks completely frankly about himself; “I also thought: I’ll screw up a lot of things, I won’t die anywhere! there is a task, because I am a giant.” Only now does he not hesitate to openly show concern for his parents. Entrusting their fate to Odintsova, Evgeny says: “After all, people like them cannot be found in your big world during the day…” Evgeny Bazarov dies “on the eve”, he does not seem to do anything significant, but the strength and charm of this character so strong that they literally capture the reader's attention. I. S. Turgenev managed to show not only the main socio-political conflict of the era in the novel, but also to create vivid images of the heroes, which ensured such a long life of this work.