Lesson summary on the subject of traditions and culture of the native land on the topic "Tatar folk musical instruments." Outline of a music lesson (senior group) on the topic: Synopsis of a musical thematic lesson “In the world of musical instruments” (harmony
Tasks:
Educational:Consolidating and expanding knowledge about Russian folk musical instruments, the history of their creation, developing the ability to determine by ear the sound of Russian folk musical instruments.
To instill an interest in Mordovian and Tatar musical instruments.
To develop the ability to classify musical instruments into groups (wind, percussion, strings).
Educational: Development of musical memory, thinking, artistry, creative initiative, attention.
Educators: Cultivating emotional responsiveness to music, increasing students’ motivation. Forming a good attitude towards each other.
Progress of the lesson:
The melody “The Moon is Shining” sounds, the teacher welcomes the children and draws attention to the projector screen, where a slide with an image of an orchestra of folk instruments is shown.
Educator: Guys, look how many musicians are in one orchestra. Look carefully at the instruments and tell me, what is the name of such an orchestra?
Children: Orchestra of Russian folk instruments!
Educator: Right. Today I invite you to go to the country of Russian folk instruments. And the first city that we will visit is the city of percussion instruments. Why do you think they are called that?
Children: Because they get hit when playing.
Educator: Absolutely right. Musical instruments appeared a very long time ago. Percussion instruments are the most ancient instruments in the world. Primitive man beat out a rhythm on mammoth bones, wooden blocks, and clay jugs. Later, people stretched skin over hollow wooden and clay objects and the first drum appeared. At the same time, ratchets made of stone and wood appeared.
Now listen to the riddle songs and guess what instruments live in this city.
Performs riddle songs by N. Murycheva “Spoons”, “Ratchets”, “Bell”, “Tambourine”.
Educator: And now you and I will turn into musicians!
Children take tambourines, spoons and bells. The rhythmic exercise “Three Bears” is performed to the music of E. Zheleznova.
Educator: Well done! And we continue our journey. And the next city we will visit is the city of string instruments. Listen to what instruments live in this city.
Performs riddle songs by N. Murycheva “Gusli”, “Balalaika”.
Educator: Almost all musical instruments originated from everyday instruments and hunting devices: the ancestor of stringed instruments was the hunting bow. It is likely that one of the primitive hunters pulled the string of his bow while hunting and, releasing it, heard a sound. Among the Russian people, such instruments were the balalaika and the gusli.
Educator: Let's move on. And the city of wind instruments welcomes you!
Performs the mystery song “Pipe” by N. Murycheva.
Wind instruments also appeared a very long time ago. People blew into a sea shell, a reed pipe, and animal horns. Then they came up with pipes, horns, pipes, pity pipes.
The articulation exercise “Merry Pipe” is carried out (children stretch their closed lips forward and move them in a circle left and right) and the breathing exercise “Pipe” (children blow into empty bottles, ballpoint pen caps).
Educator: Now listen to the last riddles.
Performs riddle songs by N. Murycheva “Accordion”, “Accordion”.
Educator: Well done! You guessed it right. An accordion, or accordion, is a wind reed musical instrument. There are two keyboards on the sides of the instrument: the melody is played on the right, and accompaniment is played on the left. Inside the instrument there are metal plates - reeds. When a musician moves the bellows of the accordion apart, the reeds begin to vibrate under the influence of air - making a sound.
Physical education minute.
Educator: Among the musical instruments of the Mordovians, the most common are the mallet (shavoma-M., chavoma - E., wooden xylophone (calchtsiyamat - M, kaltseyamat-E, bells (paygonyat - M, bayaginet - E, jew's harp - M, E, violin (garze , arrow - M, kaiga - E, flutes (vyashkoma - M, veshkema - E); bagpipes (fam, ufam - M, puvama - E, trumpet (dorama, toram - M). Sometimes borrowed instruments are also mentioned, for example, accordion .
Educator: Tatar folk music is based on the flavor of oriental traditions. Today, the most famous instruments of Tatar musical folklore are: accordion-talyanka, kurai, kubyz, surnay, mandolin, dumbra, scimitar, Tatar gusli, saz, etc.
Dombra - Tatar stringed musical instrument. It is one of the most unstudied among Tatar musical instruments.
The modern dombra, like its ancient counterpart, has a wooden pear-shaped body, however, unlike its predecessor, the body is not made of hollowed wood, but glued together.
Kurai - Tatar wind musical instrument. It has several varieties, differing from each other in design and material of manufacture.
Surnay - Tatar wind musical instrument. It is considered a musical instrument of shepherds and is usually made from the horn of an animal. It has a relatively small size of 400-550 mm.
Talyanka (talyan-garmun) is a Tatar manual keyboard-pneumatic musical instrument. Along with the accordion, it is one of the most favorite musical instruments among the Tatar people.
Educator: These are the kind of funny instruments that live in this country. I suggest you find out if you remember them all well and play a musical guessing game.
A musical and didactic presentation game “Guess the Instrument” is being held. Children listen to musical fragments and guess the instruments. For each correct answer, players receive a chip. At the end of the game, the children who have collected the most chips are awarded the “Knowledgeable Musician” medal.
Educator: Our journey has come to an end. But there are still many musical countries in the world that we can visit. And I suggest you come up with and make some kind of musical instrument yourself at home. See you soon!
The folk musical culture of the Tatars is very original. It is based on oriental intonations, with which the influence of the music of the Finno-Ugric peoples of the Volga region is harmoniously combined.
In the second half of the 19th century, such instruments as talyan garmun, guitar, violin,mandolin. But there are also native Tatar musical instruments.
Wind instruments
The most famous of the Tatar wind instruments is kurai. It got its name from the Tatar name for the Ural ribwort, a plant from the Apiaceae family, from the stem of which it was originally made. Kurai is a longitudinal flute up to 1 m long with 4 holes on one side and one on the other. The range of the kurai reaches 3 octaves. It sounds very soft, and the performer accompanies the playing of the kurai with a throaty sound. Kurai can perform both in an ensemble and as a solo instrument.
Along with the classic kurai, there is kopshe-kuray with 2 holes.
Another tool - weed, common not only among the Tatars, but also among the Bashkirs. Traditionally it was made from horn and was originally used for hunting. Shepherds also played on the sornai.
Stringed instruments
The Tatar plucked string instrument is called dumbra. It is a traditional instrument for singer-storytellers. According to historical sources, dumbra existed during the times of the Golden Horde. The monument of Tatar literature of the 14th century “Tulyak and Susylu” tells how the main character made a dumbra in order to win the heart of his beloved with songs.
The neck of the Tatar dombra is shorter than that of the Kazakh dombra, and there are usually three strings. They play it with a plectrum. The body in ancient times was made of logged wood, but nowadays it is glued together. At the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, the dumbra fell out of use, being replaced by the mandolin, but at the end of the 20th century. was revived and reconstructed. Frets appeared on the neck of the instrument, and ensemble varieties of dumbra were created - soprano, alto and bass.
Tatar harp They are very reminiscent of the Udmurt ones, but differ from them in the odd number of resonator holes. If there are 3 holes, one is located at the top, and the others are at the sides of the top deck; if there are 5 or 7, one hole is in the center, and the others are symmetrically around it. According to the modal organization of Tatar music, these harps have a pentatonic scale.
Other tools
Kubyz- a reed instrument resembling a harp. This is a metal arc with a tongue in the middle. By changing the volume and shape of the oral cavity, the musician extracts the sounds of the overtone series. Perhaps this instrument was borrowed by the Tatars from the Ugrians. According to archaeological data, it was known back in the 10th century.
The Tatars also have a national percussion instrument. It's called def and resembles a tambourine. 
From the excavations
Such musical instruments are known as: kyngyrau,Tavyshly Asma, tash sybyzgy, holder, shaltyravyk etc.
Many Tatar folk musical instruments were lost and are now experiencing a new birth. Sornai, kurai, dumbyrs, mandolins, folk violins, Tatar gusli are exhibited in the State National Museum of Tatarstan, museums of Kazan, Almetyevsk, Moscow, St. Petersburg, etc.
Press service of the RPO “TNTs MO” based on materials from the sites “Kak Prosto” and “My Home”
Aigul Batdalova
Direct educational activities in the middle group on the topic “Tatar folk instruments”
Goals: introduce Tatar folk instruments, to form an idea of the structure of musical tools, systematize knowledge about geometric figures, continue to practice quantitative and ordinal counting.
Tasks:
educational:
Expand children's knowledge about Tatar folk instruments kubyz, accordion, mandolin and kurai;
To contribute to the formation of knowledge about the structure of musical tools;
Strengthen the ability to distinguish geometric shapes;
Strengthen counting skills within 5; knowledge of the ordinal value of numbers;
educational:
Cultivate interest in folk culture;
Promote aesthetic education;
Ensure the development of perseverance and initiative;
developing:
Develop an ear for music;
Develop creative imagination - design a silhouette "mandolin" according to the model;
Develop the ability to compare objects by color, shape and spatial arrangement.
Educator: Guys, guests have come to us, let’s say hello to them.
Children: Hello
Educator: Guys, what republic do we live in?
Children:Tatarstan
Educator: We were born and live in Tatarstan, therefore our small Motherland is a republic Tatarstan.
Ask us: - where are you from?
We are from the Volga, from Kazan
The Volga water gives us water
We grow grain, we graze flocks
We pump oil, load ships
In free Tatarstan
Educator: Guys, do you like to travel?
Children: Yes
Educator:Then I invite you to go on a unique journey on a boat. What type of transport is a motor ship?
Children: By water transport.
Educator: IN Tatarstan has many rivers, name which ones you know?
Children: The Zay River near Almetyevsk flows into the Kama. And Kama meets Volga.
Educator: I suggest you take an entertaining trip by boat along one of the largest rivers - the Volga to the cultural center and capital of our republic - Kazan.
Guys, do we have enough passenger seats on the ship? Count how many seats we have on the left side?
Children: five
Educator:And on the right?
Children: five
Educator: This means that our ship can board 5 passengers on the left and 5 passengers on the right.
Take your seats in accordance with your tickets - geometric shapes. You need to find the same figure on the ship so that it matches in shape and color, but differs in size.
A beep sounds. The sound of the river.
Educator: Guys, we are on an unusual journey. We will get acquainted with musical tools which he likes to play Tatar, Russian, Bashkir peoples. People of different nationalities who live in our republic. The stops are also unusual - musical.
First stop "Pinch"
Educator: Guys, listen to that interesting sound?
(kubyz sounds behind the screen)
Guys, what do you think? the instrument plays for us?
Children: Kubyz
Coming out from behind the screen of Su Anasa (water). Look what guest came to us.
Su Anasy: Do you recognize me children?
Children: No
Su Anasy: I am Su Anasy from Tatar fairy tale written by G. We tok "Su Anasy".(points to the board)
S.A.: Guys, you named it correctly tool! (showing the tool talks about it) Kubyz is one of the oldest musical tools. It is a metal or wooden arc with a tongue in the center. Performer clamps tool lips and holds it with his left hand, bringing it closer to his teeth. The tongue is pinched with the finger of the right hand and when it vibrates it makes a sound. Listen again to how it sounds. Sound instrument quiet or loud. Yes sound quiet instrument.
What geometric figure does kubyz resemble?
Children: on a triangle.
Educator: We really liked your story, the guys and I want to invite you to travel with us.
Su Anasy, how do you manage to be so beautiful and slim and maintain your health, because you live in such dampness?
S.A. I do exercises in the morning to strengthen myself.
I suggest you warm up too. Physical exercise to music.
Second stop "Keyboard" (the sound of an accordion is heard)
S.A. Guys, what do you think this is? the instrument sounds?Yes this the instrument is called an accordion. The accordion consists of a right and left half-body, each of which contains a keyboard with buttons or keys. What geometric figure does an accordion resemble?
Children: to a rectangle.
You guys are probably tired on the road. Let's play an outdoor game "Day Night"
What do you do during the day?
Children: We play games. We do gymnastics. We sing songs, dance, sculpt, design, and practice. We go out for a walk.
When I say "Day", you can jump and play and when I tell you "Night" sit down and close your eyes with your palms. (to accordion playing)
Educator: You guys are probably a little tired on the road.
I suggest you warm up. Let's do gymnastics.
They are friends in our group of girls and boys. (fingers of both hands rhythmically join into a lock)
You and I are little friends, little fingers. (rhythmic touching of fingers of both hands)
One two three four five (alternately touching the fingers on both hands, starting with the little finger)
One two three four five. (repeat previous movements)
Third stop "String" (mandolin sounds)
S.A.: Mandolin - plucked musical string small size tool, a type of lute - a soprano lute, but with a shorter neck and fewer strings. The strings are touched mainly by the player, as well as by the fingers and a bird's feather. The mandolin uses a tremolo technique. Since the metal strings of the mandolin produce a short sound, long notes are achieved by quickly repeating the same sound.
(showing Mandolin playing)
Game “Assemble a mandolin from geometric shapes” (circles, rectangles) I suggest you children assemble a mandolin from the geometric shapes offered on the table.
Fourth stop "Brass"
(Kurai)
S.A.: Kurai is Bashkir and Tatar wind instrument It has several varieties, differing in design and material of manufacture. Sound, timbre and dynamic capabilities depend on the design. The traditional material for production was cut and dried stems of the Ural ribwort, but modern materials are now widely used (sliced veneer, metal). Is solo, ensemble and orchestral tool.
Fifth stop stop "Culture Center"
S.A.: Children, look, we are approaching Kazan. Kazan is a city of the Russian Federation, the capital of the Republic Tatarstan, a large port on the left bank of the Volga River, one of the largest cultural and sports centers in Russia.
Look how many cultural things there are in it centers: theater, puppet theater, opera, ballet, etc.
Su Anasy: Children, it's time for us to say goodbye. I will give you a gift as a gift Tatar national dish chak chak.
Educator: Thank you. Goodbye Su Anasa.
This concludes our journey.
What did you like most about our trip?
Children: very beautiful melodies. Our capital.
Educator: What general name will we give to the objects that we met on the journey?
Children: musical tools.
Educator: With what musical we got to know the instruments?
Children: Kubyz, accordion, kurai, mandolin.
Educator: How many were there in total?
Children: Four.
Educator. Yes, right. Which is an accordion.
Children: Second.
Educator: Which one is the mandolin?
Children: Third.
Educator: Well done children! It’s not in vain that we made this most exciting journey today. And now we'll go to group and drink tea with chak chak.
Open lesson: “Play the accordion”
Lesson topic; Play the accordion.
Educational tasks:
Educational: Introduce students to Russian. adv. instrument - accordion.
Learn the song “Accordion - talker” - Z. Root.
Developmental: Develop sound-pitch, timbre hearing and musical memory.
Educational: to cultivate a spiritually and aesthetically developed personality, a stable interest in the subject, respect for Russian musical culture.
Equipment: Music center, synthesizer, flash drive, accordion, accordion, button accordion, magnetic board, task cards, song lyrics. Accordions with emoticons.
During the classes.
1-Org.moment.
Students enter the class under Russian. adv. music - in a round dance step and stand to their chairs. (00-Poranya)
Greeting: chant - “Salem – Nallow”
2-Update:
A) Name the groups of instruments that you know?
B) Work using cards. (For each desk.) - group work.
Distribute and show with an arrow which group the instruments belong to.
Q) What music was playing when you entered the classroom?
D) What instrument was the piece performed by?
Look carefully at the instrument that stands on the stage. What instrument do you think we will get acquainted with today?
3) New topic:
That's right guys, let's read the topic of our lesson together. (open lesson topic on the board)
Play the accordion!
Now I will introduce you to this tool.
The accordion is a wind, reed instrument with bellows and two button keyboards. When was the accordion born? In history, there is evidence from researchers that the accordion first appeared 250 years ago in St. Petersburg in Russia, thanks to the efforts of organ master Frantisik Kirshnik. He came up with a new way to produce sound using a metal tongue oscillating under the influence of air flow.
Over time, I really liked the accordion and began to spread among the Russian people. Many varieties of accordion appeared, thanks to folk craftsmen it was changed, rows of buttons were added on each keyboard, from small single-row to large multi-row on each keyboard.
Depending on the area where the accordion was perfected, it was called that. The Tula accordion developed in the city of Tula, in other regions “Livenka”, “Vyatskaya”, “Talyanka”, and the most widespread in our time is the accordion called “Khromka”.
Tula, Livenka, Vyatskaya - single-row accordions.
Russian wreath, Khromki - two-row.
Now let's see what the harmonicas of different regions of Russia look like.
View photos.
But the accordion was widespread not only among the Russian people, but also among the Kazakh people, musicians took part in aitys, accompanying themselves on the accordion.
How convenient was the accordion? Not heavy, you could take it anywhere, walk along the road and play, and those who walked nearby sang songs, danced, sang ditties, and rested after a hard day.
And if you watch the TV program “Play the Accordion,” you see how people love the accordion.
She will cry and be sad, and in times of joy she will cheer, and if a balalaika joins her, then there will be no end to the fun.
This year in Ust-Kamenogorsk, in the ethno-village and museum reserve, the third regional festival of instrumental folk art “Play an accordion” was held. Ring the dombra."
Let's listen to what the accordion sounds like:
No. 01-Levinsky accordion
No. 2 - Saratov accordion.
The development of this instrument did not end with the accordion; later more advanced ones appeared - the button accordion and the accordion.
The button accordion has more rows on each keyboard and a more powerful sound.
It is similar to an accordion with a left keyboard, and the right keyboard of an accordion is exactly like a piano.
Let's listen to how the button accordion and accordion sound.
A) No. 03 - button accordion
B) No.-04 - accordion
Did you like the sound of these instruments?
Primary fixation:
Now guess the riddles.
He sighs and turns around,
And he will walk along the village.
And the people will gather in a circle,
Whatever you want, he can dance and sing!
(harmonic)
He looks like the accordion's brother,
Where there is fun, there he is.
I won't give any hints
What is this…..
(accordion).
The box is dancing on my knees,
Sometimes he sings, sometimes he cries loudly.
(harmonic)
I'm younger and more powerful
My sounds flow.
But with an accordion we are brothers,
He came out of the people.
I will disperse any sadness,
It's very important to drink...
Not angry or rowdy...
I am a cheerful brother………
And now a musical mystery. Listen carefully and tell me what instrument sounds?
A) No. -05 - accordion
B) No. -06 - button accordion
B) No. -07 - accordion
Well done! I hope you will remember the tools you learned about today for a long time.
2 – part of the lesson.
And now we move on to the second stage of our lesson - singing.
1) -Please sit down correctly. And get ready for the chant.
A) “Like Grandma Natasha” - with movement.
B) Rhythmic warm-up - 3 different rhythms (clapping hands, repetition)
2) –Learning:
Today I invite you to learn the song “Gormoshechka - talker”
Listen to it carefully, try to remember the melody.
Teacher's performance, accordion accompaniment.
Reading text. (teacher)
Reading in chorus.
Line by line singing along, teacher-learning.
Verse performance, work on breathing, sound management, articulation...
Full performance - in choir.
Performed in groups - 1 verse...
Verse 2...
Verse 3 together.
Primary consolidation: Independent execution.
Lesson summary:
What did you learn new in this lesson?
What did you like most?
Now think about how you did in class today and what grade you will give yourself.
Stand up, those who rated their work at five.
For four?
Well done, reward each other with applause.
Write your grades in your diary.
And write down your homework - page - 42 of the textbook - teach.
Create dance moves to the music you hear.
№8, №9, №10.
Now, prepare the little bowls that are on your desk.
And turn to our guests. If you liked the lesson, then unfold your pots. if not, then don't unfold it.
Thank you very much for your attention. The lesson is over. Until next time. Say goodbye to your guests.
I have already written that during the war we lived in evacuation in the Tatar village of Asekeev, Orenburg region. In places immortalized by Pushkin in The Captain's Daughter. Not far from our house there was a vacant lot where young people of pre-conscription age gathered almost every evening in the summer for a party. This was the entire entertainment industry there. There was no club in the village. There was some rather large public room where films were shown during the rare visits of film crews. On such days, the entire considerable population of the village managed to crowd there.
The program of the evening party did not differ in variety, and invariably consisted of two points:
1) singing ditties with an accordion. The girls sing, and the guys stand aside and bully each other, psychologically preparing the obligatory fight;
2) the actual fight. The guys fight, and the girls stand on the sidelines, watching and squealing.
All the ditties, without exception, were “about this.” There are no euphemisms in the common Tatar language; all things were called by their proper names. We had a neighbor named Zainab, she was probably 14-15 years old at the time, but Tatar women mature early, and she was already officially a bride. I once asked her to translate for me the words of a ditty, which at that moment the other girls were shouting shrilly to the accordion (the word “sang” does not fit well here). She willingly translated it for me. I didn’t know where to go from embarrassment, but she wasn’t at all embarrassed by such words. She probably just didn’t know that there are softer equivalents in the Russian language. And I would hardly understand who needs such difficulties and why.
While both traditional points of the youth evening program were being carried out, I looked with all my eyes at the already quite elderly harmonica player and his harmonica. The Tatar harmonica is a miracle of musical technology! Probably they are different, but I remembered the only one that I saw as a child for the rest of my life. She was very small, all bright, with bright red flowers on her furs. On the right there is only one octave of buttons in one row. On the left there are two buttons - two major chords. And on the left there are two bells, like bicycle bells. Their hammers are connected to the left buttons, and when pressed, the bells jingle approximately in the key of the chords. In the cartoon about Cheburashka, the crocodile Gena plays such an accordion.
And the accordion player! If there is a Tatar god in the world, then he is probably just as benevolently indifferent to everything that happens, with a wide Tatar face, with a bright Tatar accordion in his hands and surrounded by universal worship. The entire Union of Soviet Composers has never received such honor and attention as the rural Tatar accordionist enjoys.