When will the time be changed to daylight saving time? When will the transition to summer time take place in Russia and Ukraine (2015)

The idea of ​​changing the clock originated in the 17th century, when Benjamin Franklin, during his trip to Paris, saw that people use a lot of candles and thought that changing the time, even by one hour, would help them save a lot of resources.

In 2017, the transition to winter time will take place on the night of October 29, from Saturday to Sunday, Dialog.UA reports. Ukrainians need to turn the clock hands back one hour at 04:00 am. It is worth noting that many people, in order not to get up so early, move the arrows back the night before while going to bed.

In 1916, Germany and France were among the first to officially switch clocks from summer to winter time and vice versa. Today, more than 100 countries do this.

Experts explain that shifting clocks enables people to work longer and still use as little artificial light as possible.

In turn, doctors say that the transfer of clocks to winter time has a very negative effect on the human body and is harmful to health.

Two-thirds of the countries in the world do not translate arrows depending on the time of year (see infographic). Although in different years about 50 countries experimented with the translation of the arrows, but over time this was abandoned. For example, Chile, stretching for 6.5 thousand km from north to south, introduced and canceled summer time four times, returning it last time in 2016.

Researcher at the Nikolaevskaya astronomical observatory Felix Bushuev explained to Segodnya that the clock change makes economic sense precisely in our mid-latitudes, where daylight hours in winter and summer are almost twice as long - 8 hours in winter and 16 hours in summer.

Near the equator (zero latitude) and 3300 km north and south of it, where day and night are almost the same, there is no economic sense in setting the clock. This explains why there is a change of time in Europe, the USA and Canada, but it is not in the countries Latin America, Africa, South-East Asia. Until 2015, they changed clocks in Russia, but they refused, leaving winter time forever.

Our country lives according to Kyiv time, which corresponds to the 2nd time zone (+2 hours from Greenwich Mean Time, taken as a reference point). Although geographically 5% of the territory “falls out” of this zone: part of the Transcarpathian region falls into the 1st time zone, and Luhansk and part of Kharkov and Donetsk - into the 3rd.

Therefore, according to Bushuev, when it is 12:00 in Kyiv, then in Luhansk "by the sun" it should be 12:40, and in Uzhgorod - only 11:35. Because of this, in the eastern regions people are dissatisfied with summer time, as it gets light at 3 am, and in the western regions with winter time, because of which it is still dark at 9 am.

It is believed that early rise in summer and late in winter reduces the consumption of electricity in the country. According to economists, the savings are up to $1 per Ukrainian per year, or about $40 million per year (0.15% of the state budget).

But the doctors are against it. Corresponding member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine Vasily Lazoryshinets says that "winter" time is more acceptable for the human body, since it corresponds to its biological rhythms. Cores and “owls” suffer the most from the change in timekeeping.

In 2015 daylight savings time in Russian Federation will not. In October 2014, Russia moved the clock back an hour and switched to constant winter time. More precisely, this time is called not winter, but zone. Note that the rest of the countries switched their clocks to summer time already in March 2014 (on the night of the 30th).

Take part in our survey and leave your opinion, what time is more convenient?

Let's go back a few years...

Back in the summer of 2011, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the periodic changeover of time to summer and winter was canceled. After the law came into force, the so-called summer time began to operate throughout the Russian Federation, which is 2 hours ahead of astronomical time. Residents of the country took this news very ambiguously, since no one canceled the biological clock. As a result, people began to experience chronic sleep deprivation, fatigue, apathy, and depression after the time shift.

In October of the same 2011, the State Duma considered a bill that proposes changing the clock to winter time. In other words, it was about returning everything to normal - as it was in Soviet years. In those days, "maternity leave" was only an hour ahead of astronomical time.

Petition of the State Duma on the introduction of "winter" time in Russia

The State Duma sent a petition to the government of the Russian Federation to return the time change in 2014 to "winter". Russian Prime Minister D. A. Medvedev said that to this issue it is worth approaching with particular scrupulousness and carefully considering all the pros and cons. The decision should be made based on the scale of the regions.

"You can not chop off the shoulder!" (With)

This issue, according to Dmitry Medvedev, has a lot of proposals and approaches. “Time is such a “thing” that requires the most careful attitude and improvements, ”the news agency quotes.

Residents of Russia are not very satisfied with the "summer" time in winter period when it gets late and the sun sets early. Exacerbations often occur in people with chronic diseases, in particular, this applies to diabetics, heart patients, patients with vascular diseases and people with mental disabilities.

About supporters and opponents of daylight saving time

• Opponents of daylight savings time early in the year said the event could have a detrimental effect on television broadcasts. Olympic Games in Sochi. In March 2014, for this reason (and maybe not for this reason...), the clock change was temporarily postponed until the next government review. According to opponents, daylight savings time has a negative impact on energy saving.
• Proponents of time translation for many decades in a row claim that this in a positive way affects the body, because it supports healthy lifestyle life. American sociological research revealed that a person during the transition to daylight saving time adapts more easily to an increase in daylight hours and becomes more active.

However, other scientists, in contrast to the Americans, say that a large number of of the population feels tired, workers' productivity decreases, as a result, the body tries to adapt and adjust to the new time as soon as possible, loses its balance and becomes susceptible to various colds and viral diseases. People who are prone to chronic fatigue feel all the "charms" of the transfer of the clock to daylight saving time in all its glory, becoming more irritated, depressed and exhausted.

The decision of the inhabitants of the Crimea on the transition to summer time in 2015

Crimean Ministry for Information and mass communication published the results of a sociological survey conducted on the peninsula among the population. During this event, the authorities wanted to find out how the Crimeans feel about the transfer of clocks to daylight saving time. It turned out that the inhabitants this region not against this change at all.

The survey was conducted on the territory Crimean peninsula from May 20 to May 22, 2014. Of the nearly 2,500 respondents, more than 73 percent believe that the return of the seasonal transfer will not bring any benefit and should not be done. However, 20 percent of respondents have the opposite opinion: they express a desire to return the time change in Russia as soon as possible. And only 5 percent answered either ambiguously or with the phrase “Not important”.

Another question asked by sociologists concerned the most suitable time zone for the Crimean peninsula. 75% of respondents answered that Moscow time would be suitable for them, and only 20% voted for Kiev time. For other residents of the Republic of Crimea, this issue is not a matter of principle. And really, what difference does it make what time zone you live in. The main thing is that there should be no war!

Based on these sociological surveys and the responses received to them, the Ministry of Information sent to State Council Republic of Crimea report with recommendations on maintaining the former time zone in this territory. The report also says that the idea of ​​switching to daylight saving time in 2014 was not supported by the Crimeans.

The issue of changing clocks in October 2015 became very topical, as completely contradictory information is published on the Internet. Those who regularly watch the news will remember that in the fall of 2014, the last time in the history of the clock was announced for winter time. The Russian government responsibly declared that there would be no more manipulations with time.

When was time translation first introduced?

Initially, they began to translate time in Europe. This was necessary to save resources in connection with the First World War. The reform was well received, as in winter, when daylight hours were reduced, people could go without lights for longer. At the same time, in the summer, the work schedule was also built to suit the needs of peasants and workers. It got dark an hour later, but dawned early enough.

In 1917, the system of summer and winter time was introduced in Russia. It was used until 2011. Then came into force a decree on the abolition of the transition to an hour back and back, which was signed by the current President Dmitry Medvedev. Similar initiatives have been tried before, for example, in 1991.

In 2019, there will be no arrow translations, as the country has switched to standard time and the need for constant transitions has disappeared.

Benefits of winter time

The last clock change was made by the inhabitants of Russia in the middle of autumn 2014. Then the clock hands were moved back 60 minutes - and according to the season, the time became winter. It operates on the territory of our country and in this moment. Now there are no prerequisites for the fact that a different time will be introduced or the time translation will be returned twice a year, as it was before.

From the point of view of astronomy, the current calculation is closest to the natural astronomical regime of day and night. From the position of physiology, it is the closest to human biorhythms. Therefore, it was worth initially dwelling on it. However, in 2011, the summer daylight regime was mistakenly chosen as the final one. This negatively affected the health and well-being of Russians.

Why Daylight Savings Time Isn't Good for Humans

The translation of the clock initially meant moving the hands twice a year, but after the start of the reform, it was decided to stop at the summer version. First of all, the immunity of people suffered from this. Doctors recorded an increase in the number of people with a cold, and there was also a fairly serious outbreak of influenza throughout the country. This was due to a significant decrease in immunity.

The reason for this was the lack sunlight especially in the morning hours. Waking up with the first rays of the sun is a natural process for a person. Sunlight activates all body systems. It fills people with energy, sets them in a working mood and gives vigor. If there is not enough morning sunlight, then the human psyche and immunity will suffer first of all. Due to the reduction of daylight hours, people also experience a decrease in mood.

The experts also recommended that the start of classes in schools and other educational institutions be half an hour later. Such a transfer of time will not be complete, but in the fall and winter this initiative would be useful for increasing concentration and, accordingly, for increasing academic performance. Possibly rescheduled calls educational institutions will be the next time-related reform.

Why doctors are against seasonal time

From a medical point of view, the current state of affairs (in 2019) is ideal. In summer, there is enough sunlight for the synthesis of vitamin D, and in winter, the beginning of the working day falls at the time when it starts to get light outside.

Changing the clock can cause desynchronosis and it can take up to a month to adapt to the transition to seasonal time. In addition to the standard inconveniences - being late and losing orientation in time - constant changes can cause:

• violations of sleep and rest in both adults and children;
• the need to reconsider the lifestyle (up to a change in a comfortable biorhythm);
• exacerbation of nervous and cardiovascular diseases in the elderly.

Indeed, according to statistics, the number of heart attacks and strokes at the end of March and October dropped significantly after the time switch was canceled. For example, in 2017, the death rate during the spring months dropped significantly. It is not yet known whether the autumn will be as successful in terms of diseases and deaths, but in general the situation has become more positive.

What is rhythm mismatch

All of the above negative points are caused by a mismatch biological rhythms person. In 2017, large-scale studies of this physiological deviation were carried out. Each person has his own specific mode of sleep and vigor, in which he is most comfortable living. Residents of megacities and just people who work or study, and so very often “break” their biorhythm and adjust it to the required activity schedule.

To date, three types of biological rhythms have been identified. All people are divided into the following groups:

• "owls" - active in the evening and late at night, therefore, they prefer to go on vacation late and get up closer to lunch time;
• "larks" - active during daylight hours, so they prefer to wake up with sunrise and fall asleep early;
• "Doves" - people for some reason combining both of the above groups.

The last variety of people with a floating or artificially adjusted schedule is the most vulnerable from the point of view of medicine. Their sleep and rest regimen is most often dictated by circumstances, therefore it is not optimal. In 2019, it will become easier for such people to live, since they no longer need to manipulate the translation of the arrows. It is easier to endure the change of seasons and changes in daylight hours not only for “pigeons”, but also for “larks”, since winter time is the most physiological for them.

Almost all Russians experienced the consequences of a mismatch of rhythms:

• increasing irritability;
• low performance;
• insomnia;
• decrease in concentration;
• exacerbation of chronic diseases.

Waiting for the onset of spring after a long period of winter cold, seeing off winter is associated among the people with the Maslenitsa holiday.

Shrovetide is traditional holiday , widely celebrated among the people since the days of paganism. That is, this is a folk-Orthodox holiday (at the present time), which has pagan roots. It originated in Russia among the ancient Slavs around the 4th century AD, even before the introduction of Christianity by Prince Vladimir.

Thousands of years ago, in pagan times, the days of the spring equinox were considered the beginning of a new year and were celebrated as the beginning of a new life and the flowering of nature. The cult of the sun was present in the ritual of that ancient Shrovetide, and has survived to this day in the tradition of baking pancakes, as round, hot and yellow as the sun itself. The custom of putting up an effigy of Maslenitsa on the site of the festivities, and then solemnly burning it, tearing it apart and scattering it across the fields, is also caused by the belief of our ancestors in the renewal of the fruitful forces of the earth after the destruction of last year's already spent fertility ...

The celebration of Maslenitsa has always been one of the brightest and most joyful events in the life of a Russian person. Since ancient times, during the Maslenitsa week, people joyfully met Spring and saw off Winter. It was believed that Maslenitsa should be "broad, honest, gluttonous, drunken, ruiner." And her celebration was obligatory for everyone, they even said: " At least lay yourself down, but spend Maslenitsa!".

With the baptism of the people in Russia into Christianity, the attitude to this holiday was also rethought.. Now believers during Shrove Tuesday or Cheese Week, as this week is called in the church, prepare themselves for.

Traditions and customs of Maslenitsa:

The essence of the Maslenitsa holiday in the Christian sense is as follows:

Forgiveness of offenders, restoration good relations with neighbors, sincere and friendly communication with close and dear people, as well as charity- that's what is the main thing in this Cheese week.

You can no longer eat on Maslenitsa meat dishes, and this is also the first step to fasting. But pancakes are baked and eaten with great pleasure. They are baked fresh and leavened, with eggs and milk, served with caviar, sour cream, butter or honey.

In general, during the Shrovetide week you should have fun and visit festive events(skate, ski, snowtube, slide, horseback). Also, it is necessary to devote time to the family - to have fun together with relatives and friends: go somewhere together, the "young" should visit their parents, and the parents, in turn, should come to visit the children.

Date of Maslenitsa (Orthodox and pagan):

In church tradition Maslenitsa is celebrated for 7 days (weeks) from Monday to Sunday, before the most important Orthodox fast, so the event is also called "Pancake Week".

The time of the Maslenitsa week depends on the beginning of Great Lent, which makes Easter, and every year it shifts in accordance with the Orthodox church calendar.

So, in 2019, the Orthodox Maslenitsa takes place from March 4, 2019 to March 10, 2019, and in 2020 - from February 24, 2020 to March 1, 2020.

As for the pagan date of Maslenitsa, then d the zealous Slavs celebrated the holiday on solar calendar- at the moment of the onset of astronomical spring, which occurs in . The Old Russian celebration lasted for 14 days: it began a week before the Spring Equinox, and ended a week later.

In the northern hemisphere, the date of the vernal equinox is 20th of March. Accordingly, according to ancient Slavic traditions, Pagan Shrovetide should be celebrated annually from March 14 to March 27.

Description of Maslenitsa celebration:

The tradition of celebrating Maslenitsa with a merry festivity has survived to this day.

Most Russian cities events called "Wide Shrovetide". In the capital of Russia, the city of Moscow, the central platform for festive festivities is traditionally the Vasilyevsky Spusk of Red Square. Also held abroad "Russian Maslenitsa", to promote Russian traditions.
It is customary, especially on the last Sunday, when workers and students can relax, organize mass holidays like in the old days, with songs, games, seeing off and burning an effigy of Maslenitsa. Shrovetide towns organize scenes for performances, places for the sale of food (pancakes are required), and souvenirs, attractions for children. Masquerades with mummers and carnival processions are held.

What are the days of Pancake week, what are they called (name and description):

Each day of Maslenitsa has its own name and has its own traditions. Below is the name and description for each day.

Monday - Meeting. Since the first day is a working day, in the evening father-in-law and mother-in-law come to visit the parents of the daughter-in-law. The first pancakes are baked, which can be given to the poor in remembrance of the dead. On Monday, a straw effigy is dressed up and displayed on a hill in the place where the festivities are held. In dances and games, stylized fisticuffs "wall to wall" are held. The "first pancake" is baked and solemnly eaten as a reminder of the soul.

Tuesday - Gambling. The second day is traditionally the day of the young. Youth festivities, skiing from the mountains ("pokatushki"), matchmaking are signs of this day. It should be noted that the church forbids weddings on Maslenitsa, as well as in Lent. Therefore, on Maslenitsa Tuesday, the bride is married to play a wedding after Easter on Krasnaya Gorka.

Wednesday - Lakomka. On the third day, the son-in-law comes to mother-in-law for pancakes.

Thursday - Revelry, Revelry. On the fourth day festivities become widespread. Wide Maslenitsa- this is the name of the days from Thursday to the end of the week, and the day of generous treats itself is called "riotous quarter".

Friday - Mother-in-law evening. On the fifth day of Shrove Tuesday mother-in-law with friends or relatives comes to visit son-in-law for pancakes. Pancakes, of course, should be baked by her daughter, and her son-in-law should show hospitality. In addition to the mother-in-law, all relatives are invited to visit.

Saturday - Zolov's gatherings. On the sixth day husband's sisters come to visit(you can also invite other relatives of the husband). good tone It is considered not only to feed guests plentifully and tasty, but also to give gifts to sisters-in-law.

Sunday - Seeing off, Forgiveness Sunday. On the last (seventh) day, before Lent, one should repent and show mercy. All relatives and friends ask each other for forgiveness. In places of public celebrations, carnival processions are organized. The effigy of Maslenitsa is solemnly burned, thus turning into beautiful spring. With the onset of darkness, festive fireworks are launched.

In churches, also on Sunday, at the evening service, the rite of forgiveness is performed, when the priest asks for forgiveness from church servants and parishioners. All believers in turn ask for forgiveness and bow to each other. In response to a request for forgiveness, they say "God will forgive."

We are all used to setting the clock back and forth twice a year. That is why, many people are interested in the question of whether there will be a switch to winter time in Russia in 2015.

The clock was first translated in 1908 in Great Britain. Regarding our country (USSR), the Council of National Commissars first issued a decree on the transfer of arrows in 1930.

Until 2014, on the territory of our country, the clocks were translated twice a year: for winter time - in October, and for summer time - at the end of March.

If we turn to the study of the Ministry of Health, we can see that almost half of our population (50%) experience some discomfort in connection with the change of clocks.

That is why in 2011 the government of our country decided not to touch the arrows anymore. On October 26, 2014, the clock was moved back an hour for the last time. Summer time has become history, and winter time has remained with us forever.

This is due to the fact that frequent transitions in time lead to failures in the human body, and also disrupt the work nervous system. It should be recalled that already in the spring, the Russians did not translate the hands of their watches.

That is why, in the fall of 2015, there is no need to change the time. On the territory of Ukraine, there is still a tradition to turn the clock back and forth twice a year.

Daylight Saving Time usually takes place on the last Sunday in October at 4:00 am. So, on the territory of Ukraine, the transition in time will occur on the night of October 25, 2015.