What Hemingway did for his second wife. Ernest Hemingway's favorite women

Those who loved him. Hemingway's women

Hemingway spent forty of his 62 years married. Or rather, in marriages - there were four of them.

The first woman to whom 19-year-old Ernest proposed, rejected him. Having gone to war in 1918 as a driver from the Red Cross, he was wounded, received an order from the Italians for bravery (he carried another wounded man out from under fire) and was treated in a Milan hospital. Nurse Agnes von Kurowski (American, daughter of a German immigrant) was seven years older than the young hero. She responded to his love with tenderness, but the relationship remained platonic. In the novel A Farewell to Arms, Agnes appeared as Catherine Barkley.

At one time, Ernest and Agnes corresponded amicably, then gradually grew apart. Agnes was married twice and lived to be 90 years old.

Returning home, Ernest met the shy, feminine Hadley Richardson through mutual friends. Hadley, who was also eight years older than him, had a sad fate: her mother died, her father committed suicide. (In 1928, Ernest would suffer the same tragedy - his father, doctor Ed Hemingway, would shoot himself in a fit of depression).

Meeting Hadley cured Ernest of his love for Agnes. Less than a year later they got married and went to live in Paris. Then “A holiday that is always with you” will be written about this. In 1923, Jack Hedley Nicanor was born - he received his last name in honor of the matador Nicanor Vialta. Hadley was a wonderful wife and mother. Some friends thought she was too subservient to her domineering husband.

In Fiesta (The Sun Also Rises), where many of the characters are recognizable, Hadley is not present. But there is Lady Duff Twisden, who served as the prototype for Brett Ashley. Hemingway was captivated by this charming Englishwoman, twice divorced, known for her free, proud disposition. Whether there was an affair between them is unknown. Perhaps the male impotence of the hero of "Fiesta", who is in love with Brett, symbolizes the author's hopeless passion?

Lady Duff was not delighted with her literary counterpart. The friendship between her and Ernest cooled. Soon she happily married a man much younger than herself, but in 1938 she died of tuberculosis at the age of 45.

Ernest with Duff Tweedson (in hat), wife Hedley and friends. Pamplona, Spain, July 1925

In 1926, Pauline Pfeiffer, a 30-year-old American from a wealthy family, appeared in Paris and came to work at Vogue magazine. She was smart, witty, and her circle of friends included Dos Passos and Fitzgerald. She fell madly in love with Hemingway, and he could not resist. Polina's sister, Ginny, either accidentally or deliberately let Hadley know about their relationship. Meek Hadley made a mistake. Instead of letting the romance gradually fade away, she asked Ernest to break up with Polina for three months - to test his feelings. Of course, these feelings only grew stronger in separation. Ernest was tormented and thought about suicide, but in the end, shedding tears, he loaded Hadley’s things onto a wheelbarrow and transported them to a new apartment. Hadley was perfect. She explained to little Jack that her father and Polina loved each other. In January 1927, the couple divorced.

Fortunately, Headley immediately met American journalist Paul Maurer. After marrying him in 1933, she continued to maintain a warm relationship with Ernest, and Jack often saw his father. Hadley lived a long, happy life with Paul and died in 1979, when she was 89.

Having married in a Parisian Catholic church (Hemingway became a Catholic in 1918 in Italy), Ernest and Pauline went to a fishing village for their honeymoon. There he cut his leg and inflammation began. It turned out to be... anthrax (!), but he was cured.

With Pauline Pfeiffer, Cuba

Polina adored her husband and never tired of repeating that they were an inseparable whole. Patrick was born in 1928. With all the love of a mother for her son, the first place in her heart still belonged to her husband. Hemingway was not very interested in children in general. At this time, he wrote to an artist he knew that he did not understand why he was so eager to become a father. However, he turned out to be attached to his sons, loved when they were around, taught them to hunt and fish, and raised them in his harsh manner. By the way, Jack, who died in 2000, was at one time the Idaho State Game and Fish Manager and was such a successful conservationist there that now state residents, by decree of the governor, celebrate his birthday as Environmental Protection Day.

In 1931, the Hemingways bought a house on Key West, an island in Florida. They really wanted a daughter, but Gregory was born in the fall. Together with the last marriage, the Parisian times ended. Now Ernest's favorite places were Key West, a ranch in Wyoming and Cuba, where he went fishing on his yacht Pilar.

In 1933, Ernest and Polina went on a safari to Kenya. In the famous Serengeti Valley they hunted lions and rhinoceroses. Although Hemingway was caught there by amoebic dysentery, they returned in triumph. The Key West house has already become a tourist attraction. Hemingway's fame grew.

It wasn’t just fishing that attracted him to Cuba. Mason, the head of the Havana branch of the Pan American airline, had a dazzlingly beautiful and not very attached wife, Jane. Half a century later, Jane, who had buried four husbands and suffered a stroke, said that she and Hemingway almost got married. This was unlikely to be true. “Dad” loved women who were happy, healthy and reliable, like a rock, but Jane had a very unbalanced character. In addition, her psychiatrist, Dr. Kuby, showed literary inclinations, and he had the misfortune of writing an article about Hemingway’s work. There, the doctor argued that his heroes are afraid of women, and therefore constantly demonstrate their superiority over them. To confirm their masculinity, they always take risks and look for dangers. The warmest relationships in his books develop between men, and usually one of them is young, and the other is older and wiser... After reading this text, Hemingway became furious and threatened to sue. The doctor did not publish his work, but this incident had an adverse effect on the relationship between Jane and Ernest. Jane will soon appear in The Brief Happiness of Francis Macomber as Margot Macomber, who kills her husband.

Jane Mason, Cuba, 1933

In 1936, the story “The Snows of Kilimanjaro” was published, which was a huge success. But the author’s state of mind was not the best. He was afraid that his talent was leaving, he believed that he was working too little. Insomnia and jumps from euphoria to depression have become more frequent. Apparently, he subconsciously blamed Polina for this. In “The Snows,” the writer Walden, dying of gangrene in Africa, thinks about his wife, a rich, spoiled woman who ruined his talent.

So the intervention of fate that soon followed was not so accidental.

Around Christmas 1936, 27-year-old journalist Martha Gelhorn went with her mother and brother to relax in Florida. Martha was a social justice activist and liberal idealist. The book she wrote about the unemployed brought her great fame. Her acquaintance with Eleanor Roosevelt, the president's wife, grew into friendship.

Unexpectedly for themselves, the Gelhorns found themselves in Key West (the existence of which they had never suspected before). Martha liked the name of the bar, Sloppy Joe's, and they entered. Hemingway was sitting at the bar. After a few minutes they became acquainted. Soon Mrs. Roosevelt received a letter from her younger friend, where she described Ernest as a charming original and an excellent storyteller.

The "Left Front" of the American intelligentsia has long criticized Hemingway for writing little about politics and social issues. The pressure from the left coincided with his own aspirations. When the Spanish Civil War began in 1936, Hemingway signed a contract to work as a correspondent and went to Madrid. Polina wanted to accompany him, but he insisted that she stay at home. Marta arrived in Madrid, and she and Ernest began a serious romance. The front line passed a kilometer from the hotel. One day, out of jealousy, Hemingway locked Martha in her room, and when the shelling began, she could not go out to the shelter. Together they went to the front, Hemingway introduced her to General Lukács and Commissioner Regler.

Martha did not like communists, but made an exception for the Dutch documentarian Joris Ivens. Hemingway wrote and read the narrator's text for Ivens' film "Spanish Land", and in the summer of 1937, at Ivens' request, he took part in the Congress of American Writers in New York, where 3,500 writers, mostly of leftist persuasions, gathered. At the congress, he gave a seven-minute speech against fascism. Not without Martha's assistance, the creators of "Spanish Land" were invited to show the film at the White House. Martha worked a lot and complained in a letter to Hemingway: “I write more and more lousy and longer, so soon they will mistake me for Dreiser.” She was not confused with Dreiser, but some critics believed that she was strongly influenced by Hemingway.

In the fall of 1937, Ernest and Martha were again in Spain. In 1938 they would visit there twice more. Love in a front-line Madrid hotel is depicted in the play The Fifth Column. Hemingway is the brave intelligence officer Philip, pretending to be a buffoon and a bungler, Martha is the journalist Dorothy Bridges, described not without slight irony.

With Martha Gellhorn

Hemingway's household affairs were going badly. Polina, who found out about Martha, threatened to throw herself from the balcony (which Ernest complained about in a letter to Hadley). He himself was nervous, got into a fight in Florida on a dance floor, and shot through the door lock at home, which did not want to open. In 1939, he left Polina and settled with Marta in a Havana hotel, almost more terrible than the one in Madrid. Martha, who suffered from Ernest’s unsettled life and sloppiness, rented a neglected house near Havana with her own money and renovated it. But to earn money, at the end of the year she had to go as a correspondent to Finland, where she, in Helsinki, now came under Soviet bombs. Hemingway complained that she left him because of journalistic vanity, although he was proud of her courage.

In the winter of 1940, a divorce was obtained and they got married. For Whom the Bell Tolls came out and became a bestseller. It was made into a film starring Gary Cooper and Ingrid Bergman. Hemingway was basking in fame. But Martha found that she was not happy with his lifestyle. There was too much noise and fuss, drinking and friends around. At the same time, it seemed to Martha that he was not too inclined to talk with people who could read and write. And his favorite entertainments - boxing, bullfighting, horse racing - did not coincide with the tastes of Martha, who preferred theater and cinema.

In 1941, they traveled together to warring China (Martha was a correspondent for Colliers magazine). Getting to the front to Chiang Kai Shek's troops, we suffered torment. Ernest wanted his wife to calm down. And if he wants to write, then he should write under the name Hemingway. But Martha could neither sit still nor give up her own name. So the quarrels started pretty quickly.

When the Japanese attacked America in December 1941, Hemingway became obsessed with the idea of becoming a spy (like his Philip in The Fifth Column). The US Ambassador in Havana approved this strange idea. A turnout was organized at the writer's house; agents came here - Spanish anti-fascists, fishermen, waiters - who were tasked with looking for a fifth column in Cuba. Then they received permission from Roosevelt to arm the yacht Pilar, and Hemingway began patrolling the ocean waters on it in search of enemy submarines. The submarine threat was real - they sank 250 Allied ships in the Caribbean in 1942 - but Pilar's contribution to the fight against them was pure fiction. The state received much more benefit from Hemingway's work. 80% of his fees for 1941 - 103 thousand dollars, a huge amount at that time - were taken from him by taxes. He wrote: “When posterity asks what I did during these years, say that I paid for Mr. Roosevelt’s war.” Martha considered the yacht idea to be nonsense and a way to get gasoline for fishing. In 1943, she went to Europe as a war correspondent (with the rank of captain).

When she returned six months later, Ernest realized that fishing for submarines was a lost time, and he also decided that his place was in Europe. In the spring of 1944, he lied to Martha that women were not allowed on military planes, and flew to London without her. It took Martha 17 days to reach England on a ship loaded with explosives.

By the time she ended up in London, her husband had managed to meet Mary Welsh, a journalist the same age as Martha. Mary, the daughter of a lumberjack from the American outback, made her way into big-time journalism on her own. Her friends included William Saroyan and Irwin Shaw. The latter described her under the name of Louise in his "Young Lions". Already at the third meeting, Hemingway told Mary that he did not know her, but would like to marry her. After being involved in a car accident, he lay in the hospital with a concussion, surrounded by friends and bottles of alcohol. Mary brought flowers there. Martha, seeing this picture, announced that she had had enough and it was all over.

On the day the second front opened, both spouses were on the Normandy coast, but in different places. Hemingway stood next to the commander on the bridge. Marta disembarked from the ambulance ship and helped care for the wounded.

In August 1944, after the liberation of Paris, Hemingway arrived there with Mary. Obsessed with his vocation as an intelligence officer, he obtained a mandate and began to lead a group of French resistance, collecting information. In the hotel where he and Mary lived, champagne flowed like a river. Ernest introduced Mary to Picasso. He wrote about her to his son Patrick: “I call her Dad’s pocket Rubens, and if she loses weight, I’ll turn her into a pocket Tintoretto. She is a person who wants to always be with me, and for me to be the writer in the family.” Mary was quickly made to understand that there was not only one writer in the family, but also one owner. When she rebelled against the drunkenness and dissipation of her husband’s military friends at the hotel, Ernest hit her (this happened to him and Martha). In her diary, Mary expressed doubts that he was even capable of loving a woman.

The war ended, and in the spring of 1945 Mary arrived at Ernest's Cuban house. What she saw had a depressing effect on her. Despite the presence of 13 servants (4 of them gardeners), the house was neglected, 20 not very tidy cats lived in it, the water in the pool was not filtered, but filled with chlorine. Ernest, who was accustomed to drinking a liter of champagne in Paris in the morning and did not recover after the accident, suffered from headaches, partial loss of memory and hearing.

After his divorce from Martha, Hemingway, according to Cuban law, had the right to all of her property, since he declared that she had abandoned him. He even kept her typewriter, $500 in the bank and his only gifts - a gun and the cashmere underpants she wore when she went hunting. True, her family crystal and porcelain were sent to her, but they were packed so carelessly that they were broken in transit. He never saw or corresponded with her again, considering their marriage a huge mistake, although he always admitted that she was brave, like a lioness, and treated his sons well.

Ernest and Mary married in the spring of 1946, although she had concerns that the marriage would not be successful. But then an event occurred that firmly tied her to her husband. 38-year-old Mary was diagnosed with an ectopic pregnancy, she lost a lot of blood, the doctor announced: “It’s over.” Then Ernest himself began to direct the blood transfusion, did not leave his wife and saved her life. Mary remained eternally grateful to him.

Ernest and Mary

But Ernest had one more, last love ahead. Just like the first, it remained platonic. In 1948, during a trip to Italy, the Hemingways met 18-year-old Adriana Ivancic. She was a beautiful and talented girl from a family of Dalmatian sailors who settled in Venice 200 years ago. The family name was surrounded by an aura of not only noble origin, but also heroism - Adriana’s father and brother participated in the anti-fascist resistance. Ernest fell in love with her unusually passionately, writing to her from Cuba almost every day. When his novel “Over the River, in the Shade of the Trees” (dedicated to “Mary, With Love”) was published, no one had any doubt that his hero, Colonel Cantwell, was the author himself, and the 19-year-old Venetian Countess Renata was his new enthusiasm. Adriana, a capable artist, made excellent drawings for the book.

Adriana's brother was assigned to service in Cuba. Adriana and her mother came to visit him and spent three months in Havana. Hemingway was overjoyed, but he understood that he and Adriana had no future. The Ivancic family was worried that the gossip surrounding the girl would ruin her reputation. After Adriana created a successful cover for The Old Man and the Sea in 1952, the relationship between her and Hemingway began to fade.

Adriana's fate turned out to be tragic. In 1963 she married Count von Rex and they had two sons. In 1980 she wrote memoirs. And in 1983, at the age of 53, she committed suicide.

In 1951, Polina passed away. She called Ernest in great concern - her youngest son Gregory, who lived in Los Angeles, was in trouble with the police because of drugs. And three days later, her blood pressure jumped, a blood vessel ruptured, and she died on the operating table.

Gregory trained to be a doctor, but could not get rid of his addiction to alcohol and drugs. He lost his medical license because of this. He led a promiscuous life, changed (or said that he had changed) his gender, and called himself Gloria. In 2001, at the age of 69, he was arrested for appearing naked on the street, placed in a women's prison and died in his cell.

In 1953, Hemingway almost died. He went on a safari to Africa, where he behaved unusually: he shaved his head, walked with a spear, and wore native clothes. The plane in which he was flying caught fire - fortunately, already on the ground, but Ernest received burns, injuries to the skull, liver and kidneys. Delivered to Nairobi, he was “treated” with alcohol, and immediately rushed to help a forest fire, where he was again badly burned.

Hemingway did not go to receive the Nobel Prize in 1954 (which he called “that Swedish thing”). His health - both physical and mental - was deteriorating. When he turned 60 in 1959, he began to develop an obsession with persecution. He complained that the FBI was following him. That one of his friends wants to push him off a cliff. That he faces poverty. It got to the point where electric shock treatment had to be used. But it did not help.

Ernest and Mary Hemingway

When Castro came to power in Cuba, the Hemingways thought it best to move to the United States. In Idaho, a gloomy house was built among the bare hills, reminiscent of a fortress. Hemingway was constantly depressed, cried, said that he could no longer write. In April 1961, Mary saw a gun in his hands, and he was again briefly hospitalized. And early on a June morning, Mary found him in a pool of blood - he had shot himself in the head.

Mary, to whom Ernest left all his property, donated the house in Havana to the people of Cuba - for this she was allowed to take out personal belongings and papers from there. The suicide was hidden until 1966.

Mary passed away in 1986.

Jack, Ernest's eldest son, had three daughters. Two of them, Margot and Mariel, became actresses. In 1996, the family suffered a new misfortune - forty-year-old Margot died in Los Angeles from a drug overdose. Most likely it was suicide.

Ernest Miller Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois. He is known as a writer, journalist, and winner of the 1954 Nobel Prize in Literature. He gained worldwide popularity thanks to his works - novels and various narratives. His life was full of numerous adventures and trials of sorts. Hemingway's works significantly influenced twentieth-century literature.

Ernest's father, Clarence Edmont Hemingway, worked as a doctor, and his mother, Grace Hall, devoted herself entirely to raising children. From infancy, Hemingway's dad tried to instill in him a love for the world around him. Clarence wanted his son to follow in his footsteps and devote himself to medicine. At the age of three, the boy first received a gift from his father - a fishing rod, after which father and son went on their first fishing trip together. When young Ernest was 8 years old, he was already well versed in the field of natural history. The boy remembered numerous names of trees, birds, fish and flowers, and also had knowledge of animals living in the Midwest. However, literature became Ernest's favorite hobby. The young writer sat for days on end behind the pages of books that he found on the shelves of the family library. The boy was interested in the works of Darwin, but most of all he was interested in historical literature. Ernest's mother dreamed of her boy becoming a singer or a great cellist. Grace did her best to ensure that her son sang in the choir and practiced playing the cello. Many years later, in old age, the writer will say: “My mother did not let me go to school for a whole year so that I could study music. She thought I had ability, but I had no talent.” Ernest did not want to continue studying music, but his mother still insisted on her own and Ernest continued to study music diligently every day.

In addition to their winter home in the city of Oak Park, the Hemingway family also had a wonderful cottage - Windimere on the shores of Walloon Lake. It was in this cottage that the boy and his family spent the summer, where he could enjoy the silence and beauty of the landscape. Here he finally managed to free himself from music lessons and devote himself entirely to fishing, walking in the forest and playing with Indian children. At the age of twelve, the boy was given his first weapon - a 20-gauge shotgun. With the advent of this gift, Ernest became seriously interested in hunting, and his father happily began to help him learn a new hobby.

Ernest Hemingway's teenage years

Ernest was very strong and had excellent health. During his school years, he began to get involved in football and boxing. His debut as a writer occurred precisely while studying at school. He wrote a short story and it was published by the Tablet magazine. To begin his activities as a writer, Ernest gave his work, the Manitou Court, to the editorial office of the magazine. This is a short essay about northern exoticism and multifaceted Indian folklore. The magazine offered to publish the works of the young author and other works, the next publication was “It’s all about skin color.” This story is about the bad side of the boxing world. Ernest continued to publish his works, but he was mainly involved in writing reports about sports and concerts. It was then that the teenager realized that his destiny was to write. After graduating from school, the young man decided that he would not continue his studies at the institute and went to work. He became a reporter for The Kansas City Star. The young reporter always wanted to be in the center of events; it was in this job that he tried to carefully study all facets of human behavior and feelings. This knowledge became very relevant for him during his creative period. The work of a reporter influenced Ernest in such a way that he finally established his special writing style. During the First World War, Ernest wanted to go to war, but vision problems became a significant reason for denying the writer permission to go to the front. The young man did not despair and was soon able to get into the Italian troops. He became a Red Cross volunteer. On the first day of his stay at the front, he and his squad received the task of clearing the territory of the blown up factory. After all the years, he wrote the work “Farewell to Arms!”, where he told his feelings from the first day at the front.
The young man wanted to be on the front line and achieved a transfer to the Pianve River, where he got what he wanted - there he began delivering supplies to the soldiers in the trenches. In 1918, Ernest came under heavy fire while rescuing a sniper. At the hospital, they were able to remove more than 25 fragments from his body; the writer’s entire body was wounded. In 1919, Ernest finally got to his home, where he became a hero. The King of Italy himself awarded him the Medal of Valor and the Military Cross. Many years later, Ernest said: “I was a big fool when I went to that war. I thought we were a sports team and the Austrians were the other team competing." After returning, he spent almost a year with his family and tried to heal his many wounds. In 1920 he decided to pursue a career as a journalist and went to Toronto. At the newspaper, he was able to get approval to write articles on a variety of topics.

In 1921, Hemingway married pianist Hadley Richartston and soon moved with her to Paris.
There he and Handley rented a small apartment, but this did not interfere with their happiness. Ernest worked hard because he had to support his family. It was then that such creations as “This is What Paris Is” and “American Bohemia in Paris” appeared. In 1923, Ernest met Sylvia Beach, the owner of the Shakespeare and Company store, and in the same year he first became acquainted with the bohemians of the city of Paris. Meeting Gertrude Stein was a serious event in Ernest's life. It was with her that he shared his experiences and views on creativity. The woman tried to convey to Ernest that he needed to quit his job as a journalist and focus on writing.

Hemingway's work during the war period

Hemingway first gained fame thanks to the publication of The Sun Also Rises in 1926.
In 1927 and 1933, the writer was able to publish wonderful collections of stories “Men without Women” and “The Winner Gets Nothing.” This was able to fully confirm the uniqueness of Hemingway's writing and his primacy in the world of short stories. Work “A Farewell to Arms!” became a real success in Hemingway’s creative life, because the book was a huge success. In 1930, the writer went to the USA. There he decides to live in silence and devote himself to creativity and fishing. With the help of his own yacht, Ernest managed to reach the shores of Cuba. At this time, the writer’s creativity peaks, and his books gain unprecedented success.

Written in 1932, “Death in the Afternoon” once again proved Hemingway’s importance as a writer. Then he decides to write a collection called “The Winner Takes Nothing.” The end of writing occurs in 1933. With the help of the book fee, the writer decides to fulfill his dream - a safari in Africa. During his stay in Africa, he was able to experience the beauty and life of the tribes living on the shores of Tanganyika. Ernest went hunting numerous times, but in 1934 he contracted amoebic dysentery. The writer’s health worsened every day, so he was soon hospitalized in serious condition. The treatment did him good, and the writer soon began to recover. The writer reflected his experiences and discoveries during his stay in Africa in the book “Green Hills in Africa.”

In 1937, Ernest was able to finish writing the book “To Have and Have Not.” This book fully reveals the life of ordinary US residents during the Great Depression. During the Italian Civil War, Hemingway began to write with social motives, because this country was of particular importance to the writer. At the end of the thirties, the writer decides to make a film based on his own script, “Land of Spain.” He enlists the help of director Joris Ivens. The writer spent the entire war in Madrid. He was able to write the play “The Fifth Column”, as well as meet his future wife, Martha Gellhorn. During a trip to Catalonia, Ernest was able to make friends with Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, as well as Hans Kahle. The writer expressed all his emotions and experiences about the war in his work “For Whom the Bell Tolls.” The novel, which was written in the 40s, describes all the tragic events of that time.

In 1941, the writer decides to return to Baltimore, where he buys a boat and goes to Cuba. Soon Ernest decides to resume his journalistic activities. To do this, he moves to London, where he gets a job as a correspondent. From 1941 to 1943, Ernest was involved in organizing counterintelligence, with the help of which an active search for German submarines was carried out. In 1944, Hemingway took part in air bombings of Germany and occupied France, where he became the commander of 200 French partisans. His detachment, led by him, takes part in the battles for Paris, Belgium, Alsace, as well as in breaking through the Siegfried Line.

In 1949, Hemingway decides to move to Cuba. It was there that he again realized the need to continue his creative activity and in 1952 he created the work “The Old Man and the Sea”. For this story, Hemingway was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1953. The work “The Old Man and the Sea” became the point of reference for the panel of the Nobel Prize in Literature. The writer received this great award in 1954. In 1956, Hemingway decides to write an autobiographical book - “A Holiday That Is Always With You,” which will be published only after the death of the great maestro.

The Last Days of Ernest Hemingway

In 1960, Ernest arrives in the city of Kerchum, where he begins to suffer from numerous ailments, but most of all, the legendary writer is undermined by round-the-clock surveillance by the FBI, which soon becomes the reason for his relocation to a psychiatric hospital, where electroconvulsive therapy is used on him, because of which the writer loses memory and talent. Ernest repeatedly wanted to report that he was being followed, but no one believed him. He began to sink into depression and increasingly think about suicide. On July 2, 1961, the writer committed suicide by shooting himself in the head with his own gun. 50 years later, the FBI will tell the terrible truth that Ernest Hemingway was actually under active surveillance.

Message quote

The life of the writer (1899-1961), winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, was as tragic and bright as all the novels he wrote - “A Farewell to Arms!”, “To Have or Not to Have,” “A Holiday That Is Always With You” , “And the sun rises (Fiesta)”, “Beyond the river in the shade of the trees.”
2010 marked the 70th anniversary of the creation of one of his best works - the novel For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940).
Duff Tweedsen and Pauline Pfeiffer, Jane Mason and Martha Gellhorn, Mary Welsh and Andriana Ivancic... are Ernest Hemingway's favorite women. What is their role in his life?
Why, for example, did he have sad memories associated with Agnes Kurowski, his first lover, because their feeling was mutual? Why did Agnes say that “she is not at all the perfect woman” that he thought she was?
What kind of relationship did the world famous writer have with Gertrude Stein? Was he really her student in his creative work?
The writer was 62 years old when he committed suicide. With his own hand, Ernest Hemingway put an end to the end of his life. Why did he do this?
Why did I always walk on the edge of the abyss, as if deliberately testing my luck? He was wounded several times, got into plane and car accidents, from which he miraculously emerged alive, but he still took risks - why?

...Question to men: have you ever been in love in Paris?

Not a casual acquaintance, but a woman who has just become your wife? Have you ever felt as rich as Croesus, even though the wind was blowing in your pockets because you didn’t even have a single franc lying around?
In Paris, Ernest Hemingway was young and ambitious, unknown and truly happy. Here, in the center of the bohemian life of the Old and New Worlds, in small cafes and literary salons, at vernissages and in the editorial offices of numerous newspapers and magazines one could meet Marc Chagall and Luis Buñuel, Gertrude Stein and James Joyce, Pablo Picasso and Ilya Ehrenburg.
Here, a young talented writer played at the races, was fond of boxing, met with friends in the evenings, and wrote in the mornings, sitting in the Rotunda cafe, believing that soon, very soon, he would conquer not only Paris, but the whole world...
And here he passionately loved his wife Hadley...

He met the aspiring pianist Hadley Richardson, a native of St. Louis, in Chicago. The girl had just lost her mother and felt immensely lonely. Tall, slender, red-haired Hadley, distinguished by a calm, balanced character, was his first wife, but not his first love.

Goodbye baby!...

Ernest met a pretty American woman of Polish origin in a Milan hospital, where he ended up with 227 shrapnel stuck in his body after being wounded on the Italian-Austrian front in 1918.

Bloody and in bandages, he woke up at night, when the unbearable pain that had constrained his whole body subsided. Opening his eyes slightly, he saw the face of a pretty girl above him. The beautiful nurse, Agnes von Kurowski, was on duty that night.
The feeling that flared up instantly turned out to be mutual. The charming Polish woman spent her days at the bedside of the wounded, and her nights in the bed of Ernest Hemingway, the driver of an ambulance of the 3rd Red Cross detachment.
Exhausted from wounds and love, the young American fell asleep at dawn, and Agnes quietly slipped out from under the blanket and went into the neighboring rooms to look after the other wounded. During the day, Hemingway wrote her love notes.

The lovely nurse was born into an intelligent family. After her father's death, shortly after turning 18, she decided to study medicine, secretly dreaming that someday she would be able to go to Europe to the front. She was eight years older than Ernest, but the age difference did not bother either Agnes, who was in love, or the ardent “tenete” (junior lieutenant).
He was only 19, and she was already 27. He was young, brave and courageous. She is damn beautiful, independent and free. He asked her to become his wife on his birthday, when the whole ward noisily celebrated this holiday. She smiled sadly and refused, although she had strong feelings for him.

But the refusal did not become a reason for separation. She also came to his room and stayed at night. At the beginning of November 1918, the nurse was sent to a hospital in Florence. Frightened of losing his beloved, Hemingway persistently demanded that the girl consent to marriage. But she only remained silent in response. Before she had time to leave the city, Ernest began to bombard her with love letters. She replied that she “missed her, was terribly hungry for her beloved and could not forget those sweet nights in Milan.”
The young writer experienced the pangs of love - he was jealous, flew into a rage, could not find a place for himself and... could not do anything; He dreamed of Agnes at night, the dreams were beautiful and crazy, the morning came, and life again turned into a living hell.
Soon Kurowski found herself passing through Milan. The lovers, clasping their hands, sat for two hours at the station, unable to part with each other. Finally, he put her on the train.
In January 1919, Ernest Hemingway left the hospital and went to America. The war was over, but love for Agnes remained a fragment in his soul... He wrote her tender, passionate and desperate letters. He begged me to come to him and become his wife. He was possessed by only one idea, which is called the “fix idea” - an idea from which one could free oneself only by bringing it to life.
And she mercilessly answered: “You shouldn’t write to me so much...” And then she wrote: “I’m not at all the perfect woman you think I am... I’m confident in you. You have an amazing career ahead of you that someone like you deserves... Goodbye, baby. Do not be angry…"
In the same letter, she reported that she had become engaged to a wealthy Italian aristocrat and intended to connect her future life with him.
Young Ernest began to think about suicide for the first time and lay in bed for several days, overcome by terrible attacks of fever.
The further fate of Agnes was not very happy. His marriage to Domenico Carracciolo was upset by his traditional Italian family. She opposed her relative’s decision, considering this marriage an ordinary misalliance. And Agnes was left with nothing.

"In Love and War" film with Sandra Bullock.

And the young Hemingway began to write prose and wrote about his passion “A Very Short Story,” as short as their sudden love that flared up and ended just as quickly.
Much later, he would give the features of his first lover, Katherine Buckley, the heroine of the novel A Farewell to Arms! Already a mature writer will talk about dirt and violence - the inevitable companions of war, about the fear and loneliness that haunt a person, and about pure sublime love, which alone can withstand this hell.
The hero of the novel, “Tenet” Henry, reminiscent of Hemingway himself in his youth, says to Katherine: “I knew many women, but I always remained lonely when I was with them, and this is the worst loneliness. But... we never felt lonely and we never felt afraid when we were together.”

What more does a man need?

And then Hadley appeared in his life. Red-haired, long-legged and narrow-hipped Hadley. Art-savvy, literature-savvy, musically gifted Hadley Richardson.

She was several years older than Hemingway, and all she needed was marriage and love. But she lived in St. Louis, and his life took him to Chicago. And then, in the circumstances, he does what he knows how to do best in life - he writes letters to her, talks about himself, about his complex character, about the fact that he is preparing to be a writer, and that there is no more important thing for him in life than to write.
A correspondence begins, Hadley becomes the first person to whom he trusts himself, to whom his inner life, creative quests, and artistic quests are close.
Smart and patient Hadley, yearning for love and dreaming of family life, not only understands Ernest, but also agrees to put up with all his shortcomings. She dissolves in him, subordinating herself to him in absentia. And he can no longer imagine himself without this woman...

Hadley was not a beauty like Agnes, but the young writer was captivated by her generosity and the attention she showed him. A year after breaking up with Agness, a traditional, prim American wedding was held - Hadley came from a wealthy family. They spent their honeymoon in passion and love.

A year later, Hadley gave birth to her first son, and in 1921 they went to Paris, where world fame awaited him. In this city, which remained his favorite for the rest of his life, they visit boxing, which was becoming fashionable, and play at the horse races.

They try to spend every winter in Switzerland, where they go skiing. In the summer they go to bullfights in Spain.

Hemingway fighting a bull, 1925

But the main thing for Hemingway is still literature. In 1924, a collection of stories “In Our Time” appeared, in 1926 - the novel “The Sun Also Rises (Fiesta)”, and in 1929 - “A Farewell to Arms!”, in which he finally said goodbye to the war and said goodbye to Agnes.

Hemingway's passport, 1923

I know what love is...

No matter what Hemingway wrote about, two themes are invariably present in his work - love and death. Because, according to the deep conviction of the author, only these two main categories should be explored by a real writer.

He himself constantly walked along the edge of the abyss, as if deliberately testing his luck. He was wounded several times, got into plane and car accidents, from which he miraculously emerged alive, but he still took risks, not imagining his life without danger. Throughout his life and work, he seemed to confirm that a real man must be courageous, must be able to hunt and fish, drink a lot and love women.

In Africa, Ernest Hemingway hunts lions and rhinoceroses, and catches trout in the cold rivers of Michigan. He practices boxing and attends bullfights. He participates in two world wars and one civil war, which split his beloved Spain in two.

And he continues to write - about love and death, changeable and multifaceted, like the world. Death in his stories and novels is cruel and terrible, like life itself, and love...
Love can turn into a rough underside of an already joyless existence, as in the novel “To Have or to Have Not,” when one of its heroines, tired of lies and injustice, shouts to her husband, who caught her in bed with another:
“Love is just a vile lie. Love is ergoapol pills, because you were afraid to have a child... Love is the vileness of the abortions that you sent me to. Love is my mangled insides. These are catheters mixed with douching. I know what love is. Love is always hanging in the bathtub outside the door. She smells like diesel. Fuck love."
But at the same time, this feeling can be tender and bright, the same as the other heroes of the same novel love, despite all the hardships of an unpredictable life...

Duff Tweedsen and Pauline Pfeiffer,
or
Everything truly bad begins with the most innocent...

In Paris, Hemingway became interested in the Englishwoman Duff Tweedsen. She enjoyed success with both men and women, drank constantly, was beautiful and reckless.

There was something about Duff that irresistibly attracted everyone who knew her to her. She spent her life with some kind of frantic pleasure, often behaved defiantly and did not care about the opinions of those around her. The relationship between Hemingway and Duff turned out to be short, but not banal - there was something more behind their strange relationship at first glance, but at some point both managed to stop.

In 1922, Polina Pfeiffer, the daughter of a wealthy owner of one of the Arkansas companies, appears in Hemingway’s life. Polina worked for the Vogue magazine, published in the French capital.

Always tastefully dressed, as if she had stepped off the glossy cover of this fashion magazine, and able to carry on small talk, the charming Mademoiselle Pfeiffer clearly outperformed the conservative Hadley, who was always preoccupied with concerns about the family well-being.

Hemingway himself wrote about how everything happened in his autobiographical work “A Holiday That Is Always With You”:

“... A young unmarried woman temporarily becomes the friend of a young married woman, comes to stay with her husband and wife, and then imperceptibly, innocently and inexorably does everything to marry her husband to herself... All truly bad things begin with the most innocent ... You lie, and it’s disgusting to you, and every day threatens more and more danger, but you live only in the present day, as in war.”

Ernest's hobby, meanwhile, turned into passion. Polina was envied. Evil tongues claimed that she specially came to Paris to find herself a worthy husband. But Hemingway did not want a divorce from Hadley.
“I myself went to the breaking point when everything had already healed,” she recalled. “I didn’t have time to keep up with him.” And besides, I was eight years older. I felt tired all the time and I think that was the main reason... Everything developed slowly, and Ernest had a hard time with it. He took everything very deeply."
Hemingway only blamed himself for what happened. When asked by one of his friends why he was getting a divorce, he answered briefly: “Because I’m a son of a bitch.”
Many years later, in a frank conversation with General Lanham, he would blame himself for all his divorces, except for the divorce with Martha Gellhorn.
In 1927, his marriage to Hadley was officially dissolved. Immediately after the divorce, a wedding took place with Polina. Polina was also several years older than her husband, but, unlike Hadley, she was not particularly flexible.

In America, where they moved shortly after the birth of their two sons, as in Paris, she was haunted by thoughts about her own career. And Hemingway tried to persuade his wife to quit her job, but he never persuaded her.

Jane Mason, or Common Interests

A few years later in New York, the writer, who has already received recognition in his homeland, meets the seemingly prosperous Mason couple. Friendly relations are established between them. Hemingway, however, prefers Grant's wife, Jane, who is only 22 years old.

Jane Manson aboard the Anita, 1933

Just like him, the young, rich, ex-centric American woman loves hunting and fishing, plays sports and has an artistic nature. They spend a lot of time together, making plans for joint travel. The marriage with Polina is crumbling before our eyes. Moreover, Hemingway has long been dissatisfied with his sex life with his wife...

But, in spite of everything, Polina managed that time not to give her husband to the charming high-society lioness. She managed to keep him, but family life still did not go well.

Martha Gellhorn, or the Other Side of Emancipation

And soon Martha Gellhorn appeared on the horizon, a famous and influential journalist, the author of two books in which Hemingway’s influence was clearly discernible. Now Martha accompanies him on all his trips, and they do not hide their relationship.

Ernest with Martha Gellhorn during a pheasant hunt in Sun Valley. 1940

In 1940, in the town of Key West in Florida, he created one of his masterpieces - the novel “For Whom the Bell Tolls,” which brought him long-awaited world fame.

In the same 1940, he officially broke up with Polina Pfeiffer and married Martha Gellhorn. But this marriage does not bring happiness to Hemingway either.
Emancipated and independent Martha is too independent in her decisions and actions. He prefers obedience and admiration, which a woman with an independent and independent character cannot give him. Ernest is furious.

Novels of the twentieth century. Martha Gellhorn and Ernest Hemingway

Even little things like her excessive cleanliness begin to irritate him.
Of course, two such people could not stay in the same boat - a breakup was inevitable.

And they part, very dissatisfied with each other...

Man-made myth

There was always a lot of gossip and rumors around Hemingway, especially after he became famous.

Gertrude Stein, who considered him her student after he developed his original, unique style of writing and freed himself from the influence of contemporary writers, being a lesbian herself, for a long time tried to convince all mutual acquaintances that he was secret homosexual.
But the owner of the famous fashionable literary salon, where all the cream of Parisian bohemia gathered, had no evidence. Apparently, Stein, with her characteristic imagination, came to this conclusion after a conversation with Ernest, who once told her that once in a hospital in Milan an old man approached him with a similar proposal.

Remembering Gertrude Stein, Hemingway admitted: “I always wanted to sleep with her, and she knew it.” But this never happened.
After the publication of the novel “The Sun Also Rises,” many began to identify its author with the main character, Jake Barnes, who was seriously injured in the war and lost the ability to love physically. The feelings of the main characters of the novel were mutual, but happiness turned out to be impossible due to Jake's injury...
Hallie, once answering a question about her husband’s relationships with women, said: “...There were all sorts of cases, but, in general, these women were crazy about him.”
Hemingway wrote in one of his letters to the famous American writer Thornton Wilder that in his youth he could make love several times a day. To another addressee - that during a safari he slept with a whole harem of African beauties.
He himself, like any extraordinary person, created a myth about himself, where it was sometimes difficult to distinguish fiction from reality. By the way, the sharp-tongued Gellhorn is also known to have said that, apart from the ability to write, he could do nothing else...
In turn, Hemingway will call his marriage to Martha the biggest mistake he ever made in his life.
Critic Malcolm Cowley said of his friend:
“He is a romantic by nature, and he falls in love like a huge pine tree crushing a small forest. In addition, he has a puritanical streak that keeps him from flirting over cocktails. When he falls in love, he wants to get married and live in marriage, and he perceives the end of the marriage as a personal defeat.” But, despite all the insults and defeats, women in Hemingway’s life always remained a holiday “that is always with you”...

Fourth wife - Mary Welsh

He met Mary a year before the end of World War II in London, where he arrived as a war correspondent. Everyone was waiting for Allied troops to land on the English Channel. The entire writing fraternity gathered in the White Tower tavern. They were introduced to each other by the aspiring writer Irwin Shaw.
The famous Hemingway was 45 years old. The magazine sheet of Mary Welsh is 36. The affair lasted a whole year and ended after the end of the war. He proposed to her, and she accepted him, knowing full well what kind of person she was connecting her life with.
All subsequent years, Mary patiently bore the burden of this difficult love. She forgave him a lot, including his incessant infatuation with women. Mary Welsh was the last, fourth wife of Ernest Hemingway, but not his last love.

Ernest and Mary Hemingway in Sun Valley, 1947

Andriana Ivancic - "daddy's girl" and source of inspiration

In Italy, in Cortino de Ampezzo, a charming 19-year-old Italian of Yugoslav origin, Andriana Ivancic, falls into the orbit of attraction of an aging famous writer.

Hemingway was 50 years old. Andriana's youth, beauty and artistic talent (she painted and wrote poetry) fascinated Ernest. It was a strange relationship that lasted six years. Hemingway felt tender, almost fatherly feelings towards her. He called her “daughter”, she, like everyone close to him, called him “dad”.
After the writer’s death, Andriana admitted that at first she was bored next to this elderly man who had seen and experienced so much; she was not always able to understand him. But she felt that Ernest enjoyed their time together, and gave “dad” this innocent pleasure.

Andriana had no idea that she helped Hemingway overcome his creative crisis and write a new novel, to the heroine of which he gave many of her features. In this beautiful and charming southern woman, the writer again found a source of inspiration, which he had so lacked lately.

The heroine of the new work - “Across the River in the Shade of the Trees” - Countess Renata was based on an attractive Italian woman. An American colonel, Catwell, who is disillusioned with life, falls in love with the countess.
He is fifty years old, he, like Hemingway himself, has seen and experienced a lot in his lifetime and does not expect anything good from the future. But an unexpected outbreak of love transforms this courageous man. In Renata he finds what he tried in vain to find in other women - the ability to understand and sympathize.
However, the ending of this Hemingway piece is tragic. Having seemingly found the meaning of existence in love for the young Italian beauty countess, the colonel dies of a heart attack in a car rushing along the road to Trieste...

He dedicated “The Old Man and the Sea” to Andriana Ivancic. By the way, the writer received the Pulitzer Prize for this work in 1952.

Ernest Hemingway. "The Being of the World"

"Biblical story". The story of the creation of the novel "The Old Man and the Sea", for which Hemingway received the Nobel Prize. It is based on Psalm 103 of David, which is called “On worldly existence.” Faulkner, having read it, said: "His best work. Perhaps time will show that this is the best of all that we - his and my contemporaries - have written. This time he has found God, the Creator."

As always with Hemingway, love and death walk side by side...

The fate of Andriana, the prototype of the novel, was very sad. She got married twice, and was not happy in either marriage. At the age of 53, she committed suicide by hanging herself out of despair in her garden.

Last point.

Ernest Hemingway, Bobby Peterson and Harry Cooper, Silver Creek, Idaho. January 1959

Back in Spain... Twenty years later... 1959

Ernest Hemingway's last years were marred by depressions that came in waves. He was tired, often irritated over trifles, and he showed signs of mental illness - persecution mania.
In 1960, he went to the Mayo Clinic in Minn. The doctors' diagnosis was disappointing - depression coupled with a mental disorder. He was treated with electric shock.

After leaving the hospital, exhausted and tired, Hemingway returned to Idaho. He understood that his spiritual strength was exhausted, that, in the end, madness loomed ahead. Attacks of melancholy, despair and powerlessness constantly rolled in. He tried to fight them, but nothing worked.
On July 2, 1961, he got up early, with a heavy head and a clouded mind. He left the bedroom and carefully began to make his way to the dark room where Mary hid the gun from him. The dry floorboards of the old wooden house creaked loudly. Mary, who had swallowed sleeping pills, did not even move in her sleep.
He took the gun off the wall and walked onto the veranda. He hammered in a cartridge, held the gun between his knees and slowly cocked the hammer. His time passed, like sand through his fingers - everything was lived, experienced, everything turned to dust, ashes. Everything he knew about life, love and death, he said long ago in his novels. There was nothing more to write about and no need to write. And in general, he had not been able to write a single line for a long time. And writing for him meant living...
Mary did not let him put the last point in April. Today he will untie all the knots of existence...
He peered into the pupil of the gun - there was only cold and emptiness. All that was left was to pull the trigger...
The sharp sound of a shot woke Mary up. In a ridiculously wrinkled nightgown, she rushed out of the bedroom. One thought was beating in her head: she was late, nothing could be done!
...The husband’s prostrate body lay near the chair he had firmly put together. Blood slowly poured onto his naked gray hairy chest...
Nobel Prize winner in literature Ernest Hemingway committed suicide, just like his father, who also suffered from depression. With his own hand, he put an end to the end of his life, and his life was as tragic and bright as all the novels he wrote. He was about to turn 62 years old.

There are no graves, but there is memory, multiplied by the love of those who were lucky enough to be the muses of the great writer.

Oak Park High School football team, 1915

Hemingway with his sister Marsalina and friends, 1920

Ernest and Hadley Hemingway. Winter 1922

Hemingway, Paris, 1924

John "Bambi" Hemingway and Gertrude Stein, in Paris

Hemingway in a cafe. Pamplona, Spain, 1925

Pauline Pfeiffer and Ernes Hemingway, 1926, Murphys

Paris, March 1928

Ernest and Paulina Hemingway at a bullfight. Pamplona, 1928

Hemingway, Ilya Ehrenburg and Gustav Regler in Spain during the Civil War. 1937

General Enrique Lister and Ernest Hemingway at the Ebro front. 1938

Ernest and Mary Hemingway on safari.

Piazza San Marco, Venice. 1954

With Titty Koechler. Cortina, Italy. winter 1948-49

Hemingway in Cuba. 1953

115 years ago, on July 21, 1899, a world famous writer was born into a doctor’s family in Oak Park (Illinois, USA).

Ernest Miller Hemingway

The writer’s work was truly iconic for the generation of the 60s and 70s. Although his literary arrival in Russia happened much earlier. So the poet Marina Tsvetaeva more than once reread and kept on her desk Hemingway’s story “The Snows of Kilimanjaro,” written in 1936, at a time when the world empathized with those who fought in Spain against fascism.

The philosophical essay story “The Old Man and the Sea” (1952) brought Hemingway the Nobel Prize in 1954 with the wording “For narrative excellence.” And this is true - Hemingway’s works have everything: historical observations, philosophy, irony, love for man and for life.

In Soviet times, Hemingway had a reputation as a “progressive” writer, so he was allowed to read, except, of course, “For Whom the Bell Tolls.” When the “thaw” came, the much-desired truth was embodied in Hemingway’s laconic and harsh style for the sixties, exhausted by pompous Soviet lies.

21.07.1899 - 2.07.1961

The portrait of the bearded "Papa Hem" in a rough sweater has become an icon. The romanticists of the sixties found in Hemingway not a fierce realist, but a romantic - an idol, a ruler of thoughts. It is not without reason that one of the main events of those years was the very romantic film by M. Romm and D. Khrabrovitsky “Nine Days of One Year” (1962) about nuclear scientists, made in a Hemingway style.

In his homeland, Hemingway enjoyed enormous success, but purely literary. We didn't know anything about him. And in the USA biographical books were published - with facts, human details that prevented him from turning into a myth. One of these books was written by Bernice Kert almost 30 years ago. It's called Hemingway's Women. Those who loved him - his wives and others."
The epigraph is taken from his book “To Have and Have Not”:

“The better you treat a man and the more you prove
give him your love, the sooner he gets tired of you.”

Hemingway spent forty of his 62 years married. Or rather, in marriages - he was married four times, and he had three sons. There were also two platonic loves - the first and the last.

Agnes von Kurowski

The first woman to whom 19-year-old Ernest proposed, rejected him. Having gone to war in 1918 as a driver from the Red Cross, he was wounded, received an order for bravery from the Italians and was treated in a Milan hospital.

Nurse Agnes von Kurowski ( American, daughter of a German immigrant) was seven years older than the young hero. She responded to his love with tenderness, but the relationship remained platonic. In the novel A Farewell to Arms, Agnes appeared as Catherine Barkley.

At one time, Ernest and Agnes corresponded amicably, then gradually grew apart. Agnes was married twice and lived to be 90 years old.

Hadley Richardson.

Returning home, Ernest met the shy, feminine Hadley Richardson through mutual friends. Hadley, who was also eight years older than him, had a sad fate: her mother died, her father committed suicide. In 1928, Ernest suffered the same tragedy - his father, doctor Ed Hemingway, shot himself in a fit of depression.

Wedding to Hadley 1921

Meeting Hadley cured Ernest of his love for Agnes. Less than a year later they got married and went to live in Paris. Then “A holiday that is always with you” will be written about this. Jack Hedley Nicanor was born in 1923. Hadley was a wonderful wife and mother. Some friends thought she was too subservient to her domineering husband.

Hemingway's first few years of marriage to his first wife, Hadley, were almost perfect. For the rest of his life, Hemingway considered his divorce from Hadley to be the "greatest sin" of his life.

Pauline Pfeiffer

Their family fell apart when he met the beautiful Pauline Pfeiffer. A 30-year-old American woman from a wealthy family, who came to work at Vogue magazine, was smart, witty, and her circle of friends included Dos Passos and Fitzgerald. She fell madly in love with Hemingway, and he could not resist.

Polina's sister, either accidentally or deliberately, let Hadley know about their connection. Meek Hadley made a mistake. Instead of letting the romance gradually fade away, she asked Ernest to break up with Polina for three months - to test his feelings. Of course, these feelings only grew stronger in separation.

Ernest was tormented and thought about suicide, but in the end, shedding tears, he loaded Hadley’s things onto a wheelbarrow and transported them to a new apartment. Hadley was perfect. She explained to little Jack that her father and Polina loved each other. In January 1927, the couple divorced.

Having married in a Parisian Catholic church, Ernest and Polina went on their honeymoon to a fishing village. Polina adored her husband and never tired of repeating that they were an inseparable whole. Patrick was born in 1928. With all the love of a mother for her son, the first place in her heart still belonged to her husband. Hemingway was not very interested in children in general.

At this time, he wrote to an artist he knew that he did not understand why he was so eager to become a father. However, he turned out to be attached to his sons, loved when they were around, taught them to hunt and fish, and raised them in his harsh manner.

In 1933, Ernest and Polina went on a safari to Kenya. In the famous Serengeti valley they hunted lions and rhinoceroses, and they returned in triumph. The Key West house has already become a tourist attraction. Hemingway's fame grew.

Insomnia and jumps from euphoria to depression have become more frequent. Apparently, he subconsciously blamed Polina for this. In “The Snows,” the writer Walden, dying of gangrene in Africa, thinks about his wife, a rich, spoiled woman who ruined his talent.

So the intervention of fate that soon followed was not so accidental.

Martha Gelhorn

Unexpectedly for themselves, the Gelhorns found themselves in Key West. Martha liked the name of the bar, Sloppy Joe's, and they entered. Hemingway was sitting at the bar. After a few minutes they became acquainted. Soon Mrs. Roosevelt received a letter from her younger friend, where she described Ernest as a charming original and an excellent storyteller.

In the fall of 1937, Ernest and Martha were again in Spain. In 1938 they would visit there twice more. Love in a front-line Madrid hotel is depicted in the play “The Fifth Column.” Hemingway is the brave intelligence officer Philip, pretending to be a buffoon and a bungler, Martha is the journalist Dorothy Bridges, described not without slight irony.

Meanwhile, Hemingway's domestic affairs were going badly. Polina, who found out about Martha, threatened to throw herself from the balcony. He himself was nervous, got into a fight in Florida on a dance floor, and shot through the door lock at home, which did not want to open. In 1939, he left Polina and settled with Marta in a Havana hotel, almost more terrible than the one in Madrid.

Martha, who suffered from Ernest’s unsettled life and sloppiness, rented a neglected house near Havana with her own money and renovated it. But to earn money, at the end of the year she had to go as a correspondent to Finland, where she, in Helsinki, now came under Soviet bombs. Hemingway complained that she left him because of journalistic vanity, although he was proud of her courage.

Finally, in the winter of 1940, a divorce from Polina was obtained, and Hemingway and Martha got married. For Whom the Bell Tolls came out and became a bestseller. A film was made based on it. Hemingway was basking in fame. But Martha found that she was not happy with his lifestyle.

There was too much noise and fuss, drinking and friends around. At the same time, it seemed to Martha that he was not too inclined to talk with people who could read and write. And his favorite entertainments - boxing, bullfighting, horse racing - did not coincide with the tastes of Martha, who preferred theater and cinema.

In 1941, they traveled together to warring China. Ernest wanted his wife to calm down. And if he wants to write, then he should write under the name Hemingway. But Martha could neither sit still nor give up her own name. So the quarrels started pretty quickly.

When the Japanese attacked America in December 1941, Hemingway became obsessed with the idea of becoming a spy. The US Ambassador in Havana approved this strange idea. A turnout was organized at the writer's house; agents came here - Spanish anti-fascists, fishermen, waiters - who were tasked with looking for a fifth column in Cuba.

Then they received permission from Roosevelt to arm the yacht Pilar, and Hemingway began to patrol the ocean waters on it in search of enemy submarines. The submarine threat was real - they sank 250 Allied ships in the Caribbean in 1942 - but Pilar's contribution to the fight against them was pure fiction.

The state received much more benefit from Hemingway's work. 80% of his fees for 1941 - 103 thousand dollars, a huge amount at that time - were taken from him by taxes. He wrote:

“When descendants ask what I did during these years. tell me I paid for Mr. Roosevelt's war."

Martha considered the yacht idea to be nonsense and a way to get gasoline for fishing. In 1943, she went to Europe as a war correspondent. When she returned six months later, Ernest realized that fishing for submarines was a lost time, and he also decided that his place was in Europe.

In the spring of 1944, he lied to Martha that women were not allowed on military planes, and flew to London without her. It took Martha 17 days to reach England on a ship loaded with explosives. By the time she ended up in London, her husband had managed to meet Mary Welsh, a journalist the same age as Martha.

Mary Welsh

Mary, the daughter of a lumberjack from the American outback, made her way into big-time journalism on her own. Her friends included William Saroyan and Irwin Shaw. Already at the third meeting, Hemingway told Mary that he did not know her, but would like to marry her. After being involved in a car accident, he lay in the hospital with a concussion, surrounded by friends and bottles of alcohol. Mary brought flowers there. Martha, seeing this picture, announced that she had had enough and it was all over.

“I call her Dad’s pocket Rubens, and if she loses weight, I’ll turn her into a pocket Tintoretto. She is a person who wants to always be with me, and for me to be the writer in the family.”

Mary was quickly made to understand that there was not only one writer in the family, but also one owner. When she rebelled against the drunkenness and dissipation of her husband’s military friends in the hotel, Ernest hit her ( this happened to him and Martha). In her diary, Mary expressed doubts that he was even capable of loving a woman.

The war ended, and in the spring of 1945 Mary arrived at Ernest's Cuban house. What she saw had a depressing effect on her. Despite the presence of 13 servants, the house was neglected, 20 not very tidy cats lived in it, the water in the pool was not filtered, but filled with chlorine. Ernest, who was accustomed to drinking a liter of champagne in Paris in the morning and did not recover after the accident, suffered from headaches, partial loss of memory and hearing.

Mary and Hemingway feeding a gazelle in Sun Valley, 1947

True, her family crystal and porcelain were sent to her, but they were packed so carelessly that they were broken in transit. He never saw or corresponded with her again, considering their marriage a huge mistake, although he always admitted that she was brave, like a lioness, and treated his sons well.

Ernest and Mary married in the spring of 1946, although she had concerns that the marriage would not be successful. But then an event occurred that firmly tied her to her husband. 38-year-old Mary was diagnosed with an ectopic pregnancy, she lost a lot of blood, the doctor announced: “It’s all over.” Then Ernest himself began to direct the blood transfusion, did not leave his wife and saved her life. Mary remained eternally grateful to him.

Adriana Ivancic.

The family name was surrounded by an aura of not only noble origin, but also heroism - Adriana’s father and brother participated in the anti-fascist resistance. Ernest fell in love with her unusually passionately, writing to her from Cuba almost every day.

When his novel “There Across the River, in the Shade of the Trees,” dedicated to “Mary, With Love,” was published, no one had any doubt that his hero, Colonel Cantwell, was the author himself, and the 19-year-old Venetian Countess Renata was his new passion. . Adriana, a capable artist, made excellent drawings for the book.

In 1950, after a rather long break, their last meeting took place. Adriana, having learned about Hemingway's arrival in Venice, ran to his hotel. Their meeting is described by Bernice Kurt from the words of Adriana Ivancic in the book “Hemingway’s Women”:

“Adriana almost cried: he turned grey, thin and somehow shriveled up. He hugged her tightly and then looked at her for a long time with admiration. “Sorry about the book,” he said. “The last thing I would like to do is hurt you.” You are the wrong girl, I am the wrong colonel. - And then, after a pause: “It would be better for me to never find you in the rain.” Adriana saw tears in his eyes. He turned to the window: “Well, now you can tell everyone that you saw Ernest Hemingway crying.”

This time was already the beginning of the end: illnesses, depressions,
paranoia, electric shocks, memory loss. In 1951, Polina, his second wife, passed away. She called Ernest in great concern - her youngest son Gregory, who lived in Los Angeles, was in trouble with the police because of drugs. And three days later, her blood pressure jumped, a blood vessel ruptured, and she died on the operating table.

Hemingway did not go to receive the Nobel Prize in 1954, which he called “this Swedish thing.” His health - both physical and mental - was deteriorating. When he turned 60 in 1959, he began to develop an obsession with persecution. He complained that the FBI was following him. That one of his friends wants to push him off a cliff. That he faces poverty. It got to the point where electric shock treatment had to be used. But it did not help.

In April 1961, Mary saw a gun in his hands, and he was again briefly hospitalized. And early in July morning, Mary found him in a pool of blood - he shot himself in the head.

In Death in the Afternoon, Hemingway wrote:

“Love is an old word. Everyone invests in
he does what he can handle.”

***
Primary source: “Those Who Loved Him: Hemingway’s Women”
Marianna Shaternikova, Los Angeles. 2002

Hemingway Ernest - biography Hemingway Ernest - biography

(Hemingway) Hemingway, Ernest Miller (1899 - 1961)
Hemingway Ernest (Hemingway)
Biography
American writer. Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 in Oak Park near Chicago, Illinois (USA). In 1917 he graduated from River Forrest Township School. After graduating from high school, he worked as a reporter for the Kansas City Star newspaper in Kansas City, Missouri. He took part in the First World War from 1914 to 1918, serving as a driver of an ambulance for the Red Cross field service in Italy. On July 8, 1918, he was wounded in both legs by shell fragments. On January 21, 1919, Hemingway returned to America. He worked for some time for the Toronto Star newspaper (Toronto, Canada), then lived doing odd jobs in Chicago. On September 2, 1921, he married Elizabeth Hadley Richardson. On December 22, 1921, they moved to Paris, from where Hemingway continued to write reports for the Toronto Star. In 1923, Hemingway’s debut collection of short stories, “Tree Stories and Ten Poems,” was published in Paris, in January 1924, the second book, “In my home,” was published, and in October 1926, Hemingway’s first novel, “The Sun Also Rises,” was published in the United States. ). In 1927, Ernst and Hadley divorced and Hemingway married Pauline Pfeiffer, whom he had met two years earlier. In the period between the two world wars, he traveled a lot, hunted in Africa, attended bullfights in Spain, and went spearfishing in Florida. During the Spanish Civil War in 1937 - 1938, he served as a journalist in the ranks of the International Brigade, which fought on the side of the Republicans. During the civil war he visited Spain four times. On December 26, 1939, Hemingway broke up with Paulina and, together with Martha Gellhorn, moved to Cuba and a year later purchased a house in the village of San Francisco de Paula, a few miles from Havana. At Irwin's breakfast, Shaw meets Mary Welsh, who on May 2, 1945 becomes Hemingway's fourth wife. During World War II, he led his own small unit of the American Army in Europe. After the war he lived in Cuba for a long time. In 1959 - 1961, Hemingway, who suffered from cirrhosis of the liver, secretly went to the hospital several times, but was unable to improve his health. On August 1 (according to other sources - July 2), 1961, while in the town of Ketcham (Idaho), he committed suicide by shooting himself in the forehead with a hunting double-barreled shotgun.
Winner of the Pulitzer (1953) and Nobel (1954) prizes, awarded for the parable story “The Old Man and the Sea.” He knew and loved Russian literature well, especially highlighting I.S. Turgeneva, L.N. Tolstoy and M. Sholokhov.
Among Hemingway's works are reports, essays, short stories, novels: "Tree Stories and Ten Poems" (1923, collection of stories), "In my home" (1924, collection of stories), "In Our Time", 1925, collection of stories), “The Sun Also Rises” (1926, novel; in the English edition - “Fiesta”), “Men without Women” (1927, collection of stories), “A Farewell to Arms!” (A Farewell to Arms, 1929, novel), "Death in the Afternoon" (1932), "Green Hills of Africa" (1935), "The Winner Takes Nothing" (1933, collection of short stories), "To Have and to Have Not" (1937 , novel), “For Whom the Bell Tolls” (1940, novel; dedicated to the events of the Spanish Civil War in 1937; for many decades it was banned from publication in the USSR), “Across the River, in the Shade of the Trees” (Across the River and into the Trees, 1950, novel), “The Old Man and the Sea” (1952, parable story), “Islands in the Ocean” (published 1970, unfinished novel)
__________
Information sources:
Encyclopedic resource www.rubricon.com (Encyclopedia of Russian-American relations, English-Russian linguistic and cultural dictionary "Americana", Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary)
Project "Russia Congratulates!" - www.prazdniki.ru

(Source: “Aphorisms from around the world. Encyclopedia of wisdom.” www.foxdesign.ru)

. Academician 2011.

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Hemingway, Ernest Miller- Ernest Miller Hemingway. HEMINGWAY Ernest Miller (1899 1961), American writer. The first works are the book of stories “In Our Time” (1925), the novel “The Sun Also Rises” (in the English edition “Fiesta”, 1926), “A Farewell to Arms!” (1929) ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

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Hemingway (English Hemingway) is a surname and place name of English origin. Last name Hemingway, Margot (born 1954 1996) American fashion model and actress, granddaughter of Ernest Hemingway, sister of Mariel Hemingway. Hemingway, Mariel (b.... ... Wikipedia

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- (1899 1961) American writer. In the novels Fiesta (1926), A Farewell to Arms! (1929) the mindset of the lost generation. In the novel For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940), the Spanish Civil War of 1936 39 appears as a national and universal tragedy... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

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