What is a sentence with homogeneous parts. What is a series of homogeneous members? A number of homogeneous members: definition and examples

1. Homogeneous members of the sentence

Homogeneous members of the sentence - these are the members of a sentence that answer the same question asked from the same word and perform the same syntactic function. Any members of a sentence can be homogeneous: and subjects, and predicates, and definitions, and additions, and circumstances. Usually these are words of the same part of speech, but they can be different.

For example: Students at the seminar answered smartly, intelligently, in beautiful language . From one predicate verb we ask the same question (How? ) to two adverbs - smartly And sensibly– and to one phrase expressed by a combination of an adjective and a noun, beautiful language. But they are all similar circumstances.

Homogeneous members of a sentence can be connected by union creative writing and (or) non-union connection, that is, either there are unions with homogeneous members, or not.

If homogeneous members of a sentence are connected only intonationally, no unions, then before each homogeneous member of the sentence, starting after the first, you need to put a comma .

For example: Bloomed in the garden roses , lilies , daisies – homogeneous subjects.

single connecting unions : AND, EITHER, OR, YES(in the meaning of I), then between two homogeneous members of the sentence comma is NOT included.

For example: Suddenly a storm came with large And frequent hail - homogeneous definitions . Autumn freshness , foliage And fruits the garden smells fragrant- homogeneous additions. I'll send you a postcard or I'll call you on the phone- homogeneous predicates. Only Anyutka stayed at home cook Yes(=and) tidy up the room.

If homogeneous members are connected single adversative conjunctions AH, THEN, BUT, YES(in the meaning of BUT) or subordinating conjunction ALTHOUGH, That comma between them is put .

For example: Movie interesting , Although a little drawn out- homogeneous predicates. It is not an iron key that opens the heart , but kindness- homogeneous additions. Father I wanted to leave towards him , Yes(=but) for some reason I changed my mind- homogeneous predicates.

If homogeneous members of a sentence are connected repeating conjunctions AND...AND, EITHER...OR, THAT...THAT, OR...OR, NOT THAT...NOT THAT, That a comma is placed before the second conjunction or starting from the second , if there are more than two homogeneous members.

For example: They ran to the noise And women , And guys – homogeneous subjects. The felled aspen trees were crushed And grass , And small shrub- homogeneous additions. I'm imagining That noisy feasts , That military mill , That combat contractions– homogeneous subjects.

Pay attention to this option, when the conjunction before the first of three homogeneous members of the sentence can be omitted, but nevertheless the placement of punctuation marks will not change.

For example: I imagine noisy feasts , That military camp , That combat contractions. You me can't you hear , or Do not understand , or you just ignore- homogeneous predicates.

If homogeneous members are connected double alliances NOT ONLY...BUT ALSO, AS...AND, IF NOT...THEN, ALTHOUGH AND...BUT, NOT SO MUCH...HOW MUCH, That a comma is always placed before the second part of the conjunction . The first part of the double conjunction comes before the first homogeneous member of the sentence, the second part of the conjunction comes before the second homogeneous member of the sentence.

For example: These standards can be met How masters of sports , so and for beginners - homogeneous additions. The glow of the fire was visible Not only above center cities , but also on the outskirts– homogeneous circumstances.

Homogeneous members of a sentence can form groups.

If from one word is given same question to each group of homogeneous members of the sentence, then they are group-by-group homogeneous, and a comma is placed between groups of homogeneous members of a sentence.

For example: In literature lessons we read (what?) poetry And fables , (what?) stories And stories – two groups of homogeneous complements .

If the groups were asked different questions (and from different words) , these groups are heterogeneous, between them comma is NOT included .

For example: On (which?) spacious And light the clearing grew (what?) daisies And bells – homogeneous subjects and homogeneous definitions.

IMPORTANT! Homogeneous definitions must be distinguished from heterogeneous ones, characterizing the object from different sides. In this case, there is no enumeration intonation and a coordinating conjunction cannot be inserted. Comma between them NOT put .

For example: Buried in the ground round hewn oak table– adjectives characterize an object from different sides (by shape, by method of manufacture, by the material from which the object is made), they are not homogeneous, although they answer the same question.

NO comma between two verbs in the same form, acting as a single compound predicate , indicating movement and its purpose or forming a single semantic whole.

For example: I'll go look at the class schedule. Be careful not to stumble on a slippery path. Try to determine to taste.

NO comma in stable terms with repeating conjunctions: both day and night; both old and young; both laughter and grief; here and there; neither back nor forward; neither yes nor no; for no reason about anything; neither fish nor fowl; neither light nor dawn; not a sound, not a breath; out of the blue . They are usually used in speech in a figurative sense and are not homogeneous members.

2. Compound sentence

Compound sentence - a sentence consisting of several simple sentences (several grammatical bases) interconnected union or non-union communication Simple sentences are equal, neutral in relation to each other; from one part of a complex sentence it is impossible to pose a question to the other part.

Always between parts of a complex sentence there is a comma if they are connected non-union connection .

For example: The harsh winter has come , frost bound the rivers with ice.

Parts of a compound sentence can be connected by coordinating conjunctions. As a rule, in such cases between parts of the sentence before the conjunction there is a comma.

For example: The heat and fatigue took their toll , And I fell asleep dead asleep. We were unable to buy tickets for the concert , But we still had a wonderful evening.

IMPORTANT! Distinguish a complex sentence with two or more grammatical stems from a simple one, where there is only one grammatical stem and homogeneous predicates can be connected by a coordinating conjunction.

For example: The dazzlingly bright moon was already above the mountain and flooded the city with a clear greenish light.– union AND homogeneous predicates are connected, and a comma is not placed before it.

But there are some cases when a comma before the conjunction AND in a compound sentence NO need to put :

When the first and second part have one common minor clause. It can be any member of a sentence - an object, a circumstance, etc.

For example: Hundreds of fireflies flew in the thick evening air And the fragrance of blooming magnolias was heard - general circumstance (hundreds of fireflies were flying And the fragrance was wafting (where?) in the air).

Eat common clause, relating to both the first part of a compound sentence and the second part.

For example: Until the teacher entered the classroom, the children did not calm down And there was a loud noise in the classroom.

If available general introductory word.

For example: According to the class teacher, the boys behave badly in class And girls imitate them in every possible way.

consists of two names.

For example: Frost and sun. A hoarse groan and an angry grinding sound.

If a complex sentence consists of two interrogative sentences.

For example: What time is it now And how much time is left until the end of class ? You will come to me or I will come to you ?

If merged two exclamations or incentives offers.

For example: How to end the quarter well And how nice it is to take a break from school ! Let the sun shine And the birds are singing !

If merged two vaguely personal sentences(implies one action producer).

For example: They began to exhibit grades in the journal And noticed the absence of one test paper.

If merged two impersonal sentences with synonymous predicates.

For example: You must complete all 24 tasks And need to do it in ninety minutes.

Teacher's comments on the material being studied

Possible difficulties

Good advice

How to correctly place punctuation marks in the following cases?

The sun rose higher and it began to get hot on the beach.

It was already dawn and the air was noticeably warmer.

Please note that both sentences are complex. Some of the simple sentences in their composition do not have a subject, but this does not make the predicates homogeneous. Commas before and in these sentences are required.

The sun rose higher and it began to get hot on the beach.

It was already dawn and the air was noticeably warmer.

Everyone already knew that a girl was born and that she was named Masha.

The paint on the walls peeled off due to moisture and the frames swelled.

Single conjunctions and, or, or can connect two homogeneous subordinate clauses (these subordinate clauses refer to the same main part and answer the same question). There is no comma between them.

Everyone already knew that a girl was born and that she was named Masha.

Single conjunctions and, or, or can link two clauses that have a common minor member. There is also no comma between them.

The paint on the walls peeled off due to moisture and the frames swelled (a common minor term is the circumstance of the cause due to moisture).

Do I need to put a comma before and in the following cases?

What a clear smile_ and what huge eyes this girl has!

Single conjunctions and, or, or can connect two exclamatory or two interrogative sentences. There is no comma between them.

Who is he and what is he doing here?

What a clear smile and what huge eyes this girl has!

Homogeneous members of the sentence

Homogeneous members of a sentence are those that:

1) play the same syntactic role in a sentence;

2) connected with the same main word through the same question;

3) are connected by a coordinating connection, which indicates their semantic equality in the sentence;

4) are often expressed by the same part of speech.

Let's explain this with a diagram:

She loved dancing, books and romantic encounters.

We have before us a number of homogeneous additions (dances, books, meetings), they all depend on the same predicate, answer the same question and are equal in meaning.

Homogeneous members of a sentence (OSP) can be connected to each other both by a non-union connection and with the help of coordinating conjunctions:

Means of communication between private security forces
Homogeneous members are connected by a non-union bond	Aibolit walks through forests and swamps.
Homogeneous members are connected by connecting unions and, yes(in meaning i), neither - nor, not only - but also, both - so and, not so much - as and etc.	Long live soap fragrant, and a towel fluffy, and tooth powder! (K. Chukovsky). Neither countries, nor I don’t want to choose a graveyard!(I. Brodsky). He is not so much poor as he is greedy.
Homogeneous members are connected by adversarial unions ah, but, yes(in meaning But), but	The stars fall for them on the shoulders, not in the palms. Small spool Yes, dear. Flea small, but evil.
Homogeneous members are connected by dividing unions or (or), either, then - that, not that - not that	I I’ll either burst into tears, or scream, or faint. Is there somewhere city or village with that name.

Complex sentences. Basic types of compound sentences

Compound sentences are complex conjunctive sentences in which simple sentences can be equal in meaning and are connected by coordinating conjunctions.

There was a knock on the door and everyone immediately fell silent.

There may be no money, but your conscience does not hurt.

Based on conjunctions and meaning, complex sentences are divided into three types.

Type and basic conjunctions	Basic values of this type
Complex sentence with connecting conjunctions and, yes(in meaning And), neither - nor, too, also.	Listing of phenomena occurring simultaneously or sequentially.	The hole was repaired, and the assistant captain was already checking the navigation instruments. The sailor was silent, the cabin boy also did not say a word.
Complex sentence with disjunctive conjunctions or (or), or - or, either, either - or, then - that, not that - not that.	Alternation of phenomena, the possibility of one phenomenon out of several.	Either the store was already closed, or Oska was simply too lazy to buy bread. Either the battery is not heating, or the frost has increased.
Complex sentence with adversative conjunctions ah, but, yes(in meaning But), however, but, with particle or in the function of the union.	One phenomenon is contrasted with another.	The wind has died down, but the waves are still high. Andrei came home late, but the children were not yet asleep.

Punctuation marks for homogeneous members

In the absence of a union, a comma is placed between homogeneous members.

The wind rushed through the courtyards, knocked on the windows, buried itself in the leaves.

Answers must be complete, clear, and concise.

In some sentences, words may be repeated for emphasis. A comma is also placed between them, but they are not considered homogeneous members.

She walked and walked and finally came.

And he felt sorry, sorry for his passing life.

For homogeneous members connected by coordinating conjunctions, the following punctuation rules exist:

Cases when homogeneous terms are separated by a comma

Cases when homogeneous terms are not separated by a comma

With single conjunctions a, but, but, yes (meaning but).

Small spool but precious.

With single conjunctions and, or, either, yes (in the meaning And).

You could hear the noise of the forest and the crackling of branches in the fire.

Within groups of homogeneous members, connected in pairs by unions and, or, or, yes (in the meaning And ).

He walked like this in summer and winter, autumn and spring.

With repeated conjunctions and - and, neither - nor, then - that, not that - not that, or - or, either - or, yes - yes.

Neither I nor my friend were tired.

With all double conjunctions: both - and, not only - but also, where - there and, as much - as much, although and - but etc.

He was respected by both friends and enemies.

Although he was old, he was strong.

Note!

A repeating conjunction can be positioned differently relative to a number of homogeneous members. Usually a conjunction is placed before each member of a homogeneous series. In this case, a comma is placed between all homogeneous terms, including after the first of them:

He knew his work, loved it, and knew how to do it.

The stars either barely burned, then disappeared, or suddenly flashed brightly in the sky.

Sometimes there is no conjunction before the first member of a homogeneous series.

In such cases, a comma is also placed between all homogeneous terms, including after the first of them.

I kept only my saber, my pipe, and my father’s gun.

He would then frown with displeasure, or frown, or purse his lips.

In the Russian language there are many phraseological units built on the basis of a number of homogeneous members. In such phraseological units, commas are not used. Remember the main ones:

both this and that;

neither this nor that;

and this way and that;

neither light nor dawn;

both here and there;

neither fish nor fowl;

neither day nor night;

neither give nor take;

neither back nor forward and etc.

Punctuation marks for single conjunctions AND, OR, OR in simple and complex sentences

Within a simple sentence, single conjunctions and, or, or connect homogeneous members. In this case, a comma is not placed before these conjunctions.

He simply made a mistake or did not have time to complete the calculations.

Single conjunctions and, or, or can link parts of a complex sentence. In this case, they are preceded by a comma.

Everyone arrived on time, and the bus moved off.

Single conjunctions and, or, or can connect two homogeneous subordinate clauses (these subordinate clauses refer to the same main part and answer the same question). In this case, there is no comma between them.

Everyone already knew that a girl was born and that she was named Masha.

Single conjunctions and, or, or can connect two sentences that have a common part or a common subordinate clause. In this case, there is also no comma between them.

The paint on the walls peeled off due to moisture and the frames swelled.

While the kettle was boiling, Stas cut the sausage_ And we started dinner.

Single conjunctions and, or, or can connect two exclamatory or two interrogative sentences. In this case, there is also no comma between them.

Who is he and what is he doing here?

What a clear smile_ and what huge eyes this girl has!

One sentence can have several subjects or predicates. What punctuation marks should be used in such cases? Sentences with homogeneous subjects are the topic of the article.

Rules

A sentence usually has two main parts. One of them is the subject. The second is the predicate. But there are also those in which there are two or more subjects. Or several predicates.

Words related to each other by type are called. It is important to know that with several predicates there can be only one subject. With two or more subjects, there is only one predicate. The article will examine in detail a sentence with homogeneous subjects. Examples in which there are several predicates are also worth giving:

He rowded and fought to maintain morale.
They screamed, and called for help, and cried out to God.

Unions

A sentence with homogeneous subjects can have both a conjunction and a non-conjunction.

Children, women, disabled people, and old people remained in the village.
Children, women, old people, and disabled people remained in the village.
Only children, women, old people and disabled people remained in the village.
Children and women, old people and disabled people remained in the village.

The first option is typical for narrative and calm speech. It represents a kind of open circle. The second option is an incomplete enumeration. The third sentence with homogeneous subjects includes a closed enumeration. And finally, the fourth has several types:

paired words are close in meaning;
paired words are lexical units that are contrasting in meaning;
paired words-concepts are logically far from each other.

Particles

A sentence with homogeneous members may include prepositions. These auxiliary parts of speech perform a connecting function between paired words. But if such words are subjects, then only conjunctions and particles can appear before them. For example:

Not only children, but also skeptical adults froze in front of the TV.
Not only he, but also you will be able to complete this task on time.

Predicate

In the examples given above, it is nouns that express homogeneous members of the sentence. Subjects, as is known, can be represented by another part of speech. But in the cases discussed in this article, these are always nouns. The predicate can be not only a verb. This part of the sentence is sometimes expressed as a noun. For example:

Moscow, Budapest, Kyiv, Minsk are all capitals of countries.
And “Amok”, and “Impatience of the Heart”, and “Letter from a Stranger” are works by Zweig.
Poems and poems, stories and tales, dramas and comedies - all these are literary works.
Red Square, Patriarch's Ponds and Sparrow Hills are the sights of the capital.

In sentences that have several subjects, the predicate is always plural.

Errors

The lexical discrepancy between one of the homogeneous subjects and the predicate is the cause of common errors. For example:

Comments and proposals were considered at the meeting (proposals are considered, comments are made).

There are other errors as well. Homogeneous members can interbreed according to generic and species concepts. For example:

Cakes, confectionery, wine and fruit are included in the store's assortment (you should cross out “cakes”, as they belong to the confectionery category).
Alcoholic beverages, tobacco products, and wines will soon disappear from store shelves.

A minor, but still a mistake, is the incorrect selection of paired words. Examples of sentences with such homogeneous subjects are given above.

When you need to more accurately characterize any object or phenomenon (or their properties), describe them more specifically and expressively, intelligibly, so that the interlocutor understands your thought more fully, homogeneous members of the sentence come to your aid. Without them, your thought will lose completeness and clarity.

Homogeneous members─ these are characteristics that relate exclusively to one object; in a sentence they will be subordinated to only one word. They describe various aspects of the same person, action or quality.

I love bread, especially wheat and rye.

In this simple sentence with homogeneous members they are adjectives"rye" and "wheat". In another example:

The street became brighter with sunshine and smiles.

─ this nouns.

But homogeneous members may turn out to be any part of speech: verb, noun, adverb.

We worked, strained ourselves and worked hard at this construction site for centuries.

How to identify homogeneous groups of sentence words in a simple sentence

It is very easy to identify such members of a sentence. They are subordinated only to the word that they characterize; they can be classified as same question. Moreover, they are independent of each other.

Lena loves dancing, rhythmic music and fitness.

In this case, these are words related to the subject “Lena” and answer the question of what exactly she likes. They are nouns. If we remove one or another addition from the example, the meaning of the sentence will not change, but we will learn less about Lena’s tastes. At the same time, homogeneous members can be main or secondary in a sentence.

For example:

Identification of homogeneous members

In a sentence, homogeneous words can be distinguished using:

It's important to remember that commas must be placed before the second conjunction, when you write a sentence in which words are connected in this way!

How to emphasize homogeneous members?

When analyzing a sentence in a written text, homogeneous members are emphasized equally, depending on what function they perform in the sentence. Predicates are underlined as predicates (with a double solid line), definitions are underlined as definitions (with a wavy line), and so on.

It is important to remember that in the analyzed text in one phrase there may be several groups of similar words at once, and they may well turn out to be different parts of speech.

The hyacinths, crocuses and azaleas in this park were fragrant and intoxicated my head with their scent.

In this simple phrase quickly two groups are defined: three subjects and two predicates. The first group should be emphasized as subjects (nouns, names of colors), the second group of words - as predicates, with two solid words.

Phraseological phrases

With phraseological units, a more difficult case awaits you in terms of punctuation. Remember that in stable phrases, commas are never used. There are not so many of them, you can just memorize them:

Both old and young.
Neither fish nor fowl.
And so on.

You just need to analyze the text very carefully and train your own memory on phraseological units. Not such a difficult matter!