What kind of fairy tales are there? School encyclopedia

The works of V. M. Garshin have been known to modern readers since their school years. His fairy tales for children are considered examples of world fiction.

The writer's childhood

In 1855 in a noble family. The place of birth was the estate of his parents in the Ekaterinoslav province. Father and mother come from military families. My father himself was an officer who participated in the Crimean War. Mother was active in social and political activities, being a participant in the revolutionary democratic movement.

In his childhood, the future writer had to endure a difficult psychological drama. It was the result of a difficult relationship between the boy’s parents. Family life ended with their divorce and the departure of their mother.

Until the age of nine, the child lived with his father on the family estate, and then moved to his mother in St. Petersburg, where he began studying at the gymnasium. It is believed that it was she who instilled in the child a love of literature. She herself was fluent in French and German. The mother's natural desire was to give her son a good education. Communication with her contributed to the early development of the child’s consciousness. The formation of such character traits as a high sense of duty, citizenship, and the ability to have a subtle sense of the surrounding world is also the merit of the mother.

Student years. Beginning of literary activity

After successfully completing his studies at the gymnasium, the young man enters the Mining Institute, where his literary career begins. opens with a satirical essay about the life of provincials. The essay is based on real events that the young writer could personally observe at the time when he lived on his parents’ estate.

During his student years, Garshin was keenly interested in the works of the Itinerant artists. It is for this reason that he publishes many articles devoted to their work.

Military service

The events taking place in the country could not ignore the young man. Considering himself a hereditary military man, Garshin takes part in the war that was declared by Russia against Turkey. In one of the battles, a young man was wounded in the leg and sent to the hospital for treatment.

Even here, the list of Garshin’s works continues to grow. The story "Four Days", which was published in "Notes of the Fatherland", was written while undergoing treatment in a military hospital. After this publication, the name of the young writer became known in literary circles, and he became widely known.
After being wounded, Garshin was given a year's leave, and then retired from military service. Despite this, the distinguished military man was promoted to officer.

Literary activity

After the events described, V. M. Garshin had the opportunity to return to St. Petersburg, where he was very warmly received in intellectual circles. He was patronized by such famous writers as M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, G. I. Uspensky and others.

As a volunteer, the young writer continued his education at St. Petersburg University. From that moment on, the list of Garshin's works continued to grow steadily, which indicated his undoubted literary gift.

Features of the writer's literary creativity

The works of V. M. Garshin amazed readers with the nakedness of feelings that the writer so skillfully described in his stories and essays. No one had any doubt that the hero of this or that work and its author were one and the same person.

This idea was strengthened in the minds of readers also because the list of Garshin’s works began to be replenished with works that took the form of diary entries. In them, the narration was told in the first person, the feelings of the hero, his most intimate spiritual secrets and experiences were extremely exposed. All this undoubtedly pointed to the subtle spiritual qualities of the author himself. Proof of all that has been said can be found in such works as “The Coward,” “The Incident,” “The Artists,” and many other stories.

The events he experienced, the complexity of his character, and the peculiarities of his mental organization led to the fact that V. M. Garshin developed a disease that needed to be treated. To do this, he was repeatedly placed in psychiatric hospitals, where he was able to achieve only relative recovery. In connection with these events, the writer’s literary activity was suspended for some time. During a difficult period of his life, Garshin continued to be supported by friends and loved ones.

Garshin's works for children

The list of works that today are called diamonds began to appear when the writer decided to simplify the language of the narrative. The example was the stories of L.N. Tolstoy, written specifically for young readers.

Garshin's works for children, the list of which is not so long, are distinguished by simplicity of presentation, clear fascination, and novelty of the characters' characters and their actions. After reading fairy tales, the reader always has the opportunity to speculate, argue, and draw certain conclusions. All this helps a person move forward in his development.

It should be noted that Garshin’s fairy tales are interesting not only to young readers, but also to their parents. An adult is surprised to discover that the fairy tale has captured him, revealing some new aspects of human relationships, a different outlook on life. In total, there are five known works of the writer that are intended for children's reading: “The Tale of Proud Haggai”, “About the Toad and the Rose”, “Attalea princeps”, “That which did not exist”. The fairy tale “The Frog Traveler” is the writer’s last work. It has rightfully become a favorite children's work among many generations of readers.

Garshin's fairy tales are studied in literature classes in elementary and high school. They are included in all current school curricula and textbooks.
Books containing the works of Vsevolod Mikhailovich Garshin are reprinted in numerous editions and are released in the form of audio recordings. Animated films, filmstrips, and performances were created based on his creations.

Garshin Vsevolod Mikhailovich (1855-1888)

Garshin V.M. - Russian writer, poet, critic. He gained fame after the publication of his first work, “4 Days”. Garshin devoted many of his works to the theme of senseless war and the extermination of humanity by each other. Garshin's works are distinguished by precise phrases without metaphors and deep pessimism.

Tales of Garshin

The list of Garshin's fairy tales is small, but some of them are known throughout the world. Every child knows the fairy tales “The Frog the Traveler”, “The Tale of the Toad and the Rose”, “That Which Never Happened”. On our website you can read Garshin’s fairy tales online completely free of charge and without registration. All Garshin's fairy tales with colorful illustrations and brief contents are presented in the form of an alphabetical list.

Garshin's tales list:

Tales of Garshin

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A tragic tale about an abandoned flower garden and its neighbors - a little boy and his sister and an old, evil toad. The boy was a regular in the flower garden, he sat there every day and read books, knew every stem in this flower garden, watched lizards and a hedgehog until he got sick and stopped visiting the flower garden. There also lived in this flower garden an old nasty toad who spent all day hunting for midges, mosquitoes and butterflies. When the ugly toad saw the blooming rose flower, she wanted to eat it. And although it was difficult for her to climb the stems, one fine day she almost reached the flower. But just at that moment, at the request of the sick boy, his sister went out into the flower garden to cut a rose flower and bring it to her brother. She threw the toad off the bush, cut the flower and brought it to her brother. The brother smelled the flower and stopped breathing forever. And then they placed the rose next to the small coffin, dried it and put it in a book.

"The Tale of the Toad and the Rose" by V.M. Garshin included in

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Tales of Garshin

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Brief summary of the fairy tale "The Frog Traveler":

Adventure author's fairy tale by Garshin about smart frog traveler, who was tired of sitting in her swamp and grabbed the opportunity to fly to the south, where it is warm and there are clouds of midges and mosquitoes. She even figured out how to get there and persuaded the ducks, who were flying south, to do it. 2 ducks took a strong thin twig into their beaks from different ends, and in the middle the frog grabbed the twig with its mouth. But get to the south Frog traveler I couldn’t, because on the second day of the flight, when everyone who saw this method of travel began to admire and ask, “Who came up with this?” Frog traveler I couldn’t contain my pride, opened my mouth and told everyone that she had thought of it. But, opening her mouth, she unhooked herself from the twig and fell into the pond at the edge of the village. And the ducks flew away, thinking that the poor frog had crashed and that was the end of her journey.

Fairy tale by Garshin V.M. The frog traveler enters

Do you remember how our mothers read us fairy tales about the gray neck, about the adventure of the traveler frog? Did you know that this author’s book “Signal” became the basis for writing the script for the first Soviet children’s film? All this is the merit of Vsevolod Mikhailovich Garshin. The list of works contains both instructive works for children and highly moral satirical short stories for adults.

Life of Vsevolod Mikhailovich

Vsevolod Mikhailovich Garshin was born on February 14, 1855 on the family estate, which had the beautiful name “Pleasant Valley” and was located in the Catherine province. The mother of the future talent, Ekaterina Stepanovna Akimova, at that time had the education and hobbies that were characteristic of women of the sixties. She was fascinated by literature and politics, and spoke excellent German and French. Of course, it was Vsevolod’s mother who had a significant influence on his development as a writer.

At the age of five, the boy experienced a big family conflict: Vsevolod’s mother fell in love with another man, Pyotr Vasilyevich Zavadsky, and left the family. Pyotr Vasilyevich was the teacher of Ekaterina Stepanovna’s older children. This family drama had a terrible impact on little Seva’s well-being and greatly contributed to the formation of his character. The father of the future writer found out that his wife’s new lover was the organizer of a secret society, and hastened to report this to the police. Zavadsky was sent into exile in Petrozavodsk, and Ekaterina Stepanovna, like the wife of a Decembrist, went to St. Petersburg to see her love. For Garshin, his time in the gymnasium (1864-1874) is the starting point of a career in poetry and writing.

Garshin's writing activity

Already in his student years, namely in 1876, Vsevolod Mikhailovich began to publish his works. The first published work was an essay written with elements of satire, “The True History of the N Zemstvo Assembly.” Afterwards he dedicated a batch of articles to the Peredvizhniki artists, their creativity and paintings. With the beginning of the Russian-Turkish war, Garshin gave up everything and volunteered to fight. During the war, he was a participant in the Bulgarian campaign, which was later embodied in several stories by the writer (1877-1879). In one of the battles, Vsevolod was wounded, after treatment he was sent home on leave for one year. He arrived in St. Petersburg with a clear understanding that he wanted and would only engage in writing, and the list of Garshin’s works began to grow. After 6 months he was awarded the rank of officer.

Revolutionary unrest in Garshin's life

The young writer continued his work, where he raised before the highest intelligent society the problem of choice: to move along the path of personal enrichment or to follow a path filled with service to one’s country and people.

Vsevolod Mikhailovich was especially sensitive to the revolutionary unrest that broke out and spread in the 70s. The obviously failed methods of fighting the revolution that the populists used were becoming more and more obvious to him every day. This condition, first of all, affected Garshin’s literature. The list of works contains stories (for example, “Night”) that reflect the painful worldview of revolutionary events that each of his contemporaries experienced.

Last years

In the 70s, doctors gave Garshin a disappointing diagnosis - a mental disorder. Less than 10 years later, Vsevolod Mikhailovich tried, not entirely successfully, with his public speech to defend the revolutionary Ippolit Osipovich, who wanted to kill Count Loris-Melnikov. This became a prerequisite for his 2-year treatment in a psychiatric hospital. After recovery, he again took up literature and journalism, entered the service, and even married a girl doctor, Natalya Zolotilova.

It would seem that everything was fine; perhaps this time could be called the happiest in his entire short life. But in 1887, Vsevolod Garshin was overcome by severe depression, problems with his mother and wife began, and in 1888, deciding to commit suicide, he threw himself down a flight of stairs.

Collection of Garshin's stories for children

The list of works by Vsevolod Mikhailovich includes 14 works, of which 5 are fairy tales. However, despite the small number of books, almost everything can be found in the modern school curriculum for elementary and high school students. Garshin began to think about works for children after he had an idea to simplify the narrative style. Therefore, his books are very simple for young readers and have a certain clear structure and meaning. It is worth noting that not only the younger generation are connoisseurs of his children's works, but also their parents: a completely different outlook on life.

For convenience, here is an alphabetical list of Garshin’s works for children:

• Attalea princeps.
• "Frog traveler".
• "The Tale of Proud Haggai."
• "The Tale of the Toad and the Rose."
• "What didn't happen."

The last fairy tale - “The Frog Traveler” - plays the role of one of the favorite works of more than one generation of schoolchildren.

Vsevolod Mikhailovich Garshin; Russian Empire, Ekaterinoslav province, Bakhmut district; 02/14/1855-03/24/1888

Vsevolod Garshin left a noticeable mark on Russian literature as a master of psychological storytelling. The first children's film from the USSR was based on Garshin's story "Signal". Garshin’s fairy tale “The Frog the Traveler” was also filmed several times.

Biography of Garshin

The writer was born on February 14, 1855 in the district of Yekaterinoslav province, the third child in the family. Vsevolod's father was a military man, and his mother was a housewife, although she was a very educated woman. The mother's upbringing greatly influenced the development of the personality of the future writer and laid the foundation for her love of literature. When the writer was three years old, his father bought a house in the Kharkov province, where the whole family soon moved. Garshin fell in love with reading fairy tales even in infancy, because he learned to read at only four years old. His teacher was P. Zavadsky, with whom the writer’s mother eloped in January 1860. Mikhail Garshin contacted the police, and the fugitives were caught. Subsequently, Zavadsky turned out to be a famous revolutionary figure. Then Garshin's mother left for St. Petersburg to be able to visit her lover. This family drama had a great impact on little Vsevolod, the boy became nervous and anxious. He lived with his father and the family moved frequently.

In 1864, when Garshin turned nine, his mother took him to St. Petersburg and sent him to study at the gymnasium. The writer fondly recalled the years spent in the gymnasium. Due to poor academic performance and frequent illnesses, instead of the required seven years, he studied for ten. Vsevolod was only interested in literature and natural sciences, and he did not like mathematics. At the gymnasium, he took part in a literary circle, where Garshin’s stories were popular.

In 1874, Garshin became a student at the Mining Institute, and after some time his first satirical essay was published in the newspaper Molva. When the writer was in his third year, Turkey declared war on Russia, and on the same day Garshin volunteered to go to war. He considered it immoral to sit in the rear while Russian soldiers were dying on the battlefield. In one of the first battles, Vsevolod was wounded in the leg; the author did not take part in further military operations. Returning to St. Petersburg, the writer plunged headlong into literature; Garshin’s works quickly gained popularity. The war greatly influenced the writer’s attitude and creativity. His stories often raise the theme of war, the characters are endowed with extremely contradictory feelings, and the plots are full of drama. The first story about the war, “Four Days,” is filled with the writer’s personal impressions. For example, the collection “Stories” caused a lot of controversy and disapproval. Garshin also wrote children's stories and fairy tales. Almost all of Garshin's fairy tales are full of melancholy and tragedy, for which the author was reproached by critics many times.

After the execution of Molodetsky, who attempted to assassinate Count Loris-Melikov in February 1880, the writer’s teenage mental illness worsened, because of this Garshin had to spend a year and a half in a Kharkov psychiatric hospital. In 1882, at the invitation of Vsevolod, he worked and lived in Spassky-Lutovinovo, and also worked at the Posrednik publishing house and considered this period of his life the happiest. Collections were published that included short stories, essays and short tales by Garshin. At this time, he wrote the story “The Red Flower,” which, in addition to literary critics, drew the attention of the famous psychiatrist Sikorsky. The story, according to the doctor, provides a truthful description of mental illness in artistic form. Garshin soon returned to St. Petersburg, where in 1883 he married N. Zolotilova. At this time, the writer wrote little, but all his works were published and were very popular.

Wanting to have additional non-literary income, the author got a job as a secretary in the office of the Congress of Railways. At the end of the 1880s, quarrels began in Vsevolod’s family, and the writer unexpectedly decided to leave for the Caucasus. But his trip did not take place. Garshin's biography is tragic; on March 19, 1888, the famous Russian prose writer Vsevolod Garshin committed suicide by throwing himself down a flight of stairs. After the fall, the author fell into a coma and died 5 days later.

Books by Vsevolod Garshin on the Top books website

It has been popular to read Vsevolod Garshin’s fairy tales for several generations. They deservedly occupy high places in ours, and also got into ours. And given the trends, Garshin’s books will continue to occupy high places in the ratings of our site, and we will see more than one more work of the writer among.

All books by Vsevolod Gashin

Fairy tales:

Essays:

• Ayaslar case
• Second exhibition of the Society for Exhibitions of Art Works
• Notes on art exhibitions
• New painting by Semiradsky “Lights of Christianity”
• The true history of the Ensky Zemstvo Assembly

There lived in a certain country a ruler; his name was Haggai. He was glorious and strong: the Lord gave him complete power over the country; his enemies were afraid of him, he had no friends, and the people throughout the region lived peacefully, knowing the strength of their ruler. And the ruler became proud, and he began to think that there was no one in the world stronger and wiser than him. He lived luxuriously; He had a lot of wealth and servants with whom he never spoke: he considered them unworthy. He lived in harmony with his wife, but he also held her strictly, so that she did not dare to speak herself, but waited until her husband asked her or told her something...

Once upon a time there lived a frog-croak. She sat in the swamp, caught mosquitoes and midges, and in the spring croaked loudly with her friends. And she would have lived the whole century happily - of course, if the stork had not eaten her. But one incident happened. One day she was sitting on a branch of a driftwood sticking out of the water and enjoying the warm, light rain. “Oh, what beautiful wet weather today!” she thought. “What a pleasure it is to live in the world!” The rain drizzled on her motley varnished back ; drops of it flowed under her belly and behind her legs, and it was delightfully pleasant, so pleasant that she almost croaked, but, fortunately, she remembered that it was already autumn and that frogs don’t croak in autumn - that’s what spring is for , - and that, having croaked, she could lose her frog dignity...

One fine June day - and it was beautiful because it was twenty-eight degrees Reaumur - one fine June day it was hot everywhere, and in the clearing in the garden, where there was a shock of recently mown hay, it was even hotter, because The place was sheltered from the wind by thick, thick cherry trees. Everything was almost asleep: people had eaten their food and were engaged in afternoon side activities; the birds fell silent, even many insects hid from the heat. There is nothing to say about domestic animals: large and small livestock hid under the canopy; the dog, having dug a hole under the barn, lay down there and, half-closing his eyes, breathed intermittently, sticking out his pink tongue almost half an arshin; sometimes she, apparently from melancholy arising from the deadly heat, yawned so much that a thin squeal was even heard; the pigs, a mother with thirteen children, went to the shore and lay down in the black, greasy mud, and from the mud only snoring and snoring pig snouts with two holes, elongated backs covered in mud and huge drooping ears were visible...

Once upon a time there lived a rose and a toad. The rose bush on which the rose bloomed grew in a small semicircular flower garden in front of the village house. The flower garden was very neglected; weeds grew thickly over old flowerbeds that had grown into the ground and along paths that no one had cleaned or sprinkled with sand for a long time. The wooden lattice with pegs trimmed in the form of tetrahedral peaks, once painted with green oil paint, is now completely peeling, dried out and fell apart; the pikes were taken away by the village boys to play soldiers and, in order to fight off the angry watchdog with a company of other dogs, the men approached the house...

In one large city there was a botanical garden, and in this garden there was a huge greenhouse made of iron and glass. It was very beautiful: slender twisted columns supported the entire building; light patterned arches rested on them, intertwined with a whole web of iron frames into which glass was inserted. The greenhouse was especially beautiful when the sun set and illuminated it with red light. Then she was all on fire, red reflections played and shimmered, as if in a huge, finely polished gem. Through the thick transparent glass one could see the imprisoned plants...