Molière's sayings. Aphorisms and quotes from works of Western literature

Moliere (Jean-Baptiste Poquelin), (1622-1673) comedian, actor, theater figure, reformer of performing arts

Virtue is powerless to fight slander.

Prudence enlightens, but passion blinds.

In love, pretense is very similar to the truth.

The highest proof of love is submission to the will of the one you love.

Grammar commands even kings.

Virtue is the first sign of nobility; I attach much less importance to names than to actions.

Imitate people in their inclinations, follow their rules, indulge their weaknesses, admire their every action - and make of them what you want; this is the best way, you can safely play openly... Don’t be afraid to over-salt, even the smartest person will be caught like the last fool, swallow obvious nonsense, obvious absurdity, and will not wince, if only this dish is seasoned with flattery. This cannot be said to be fair, but it must be applied to the right people. Since there is no other way, the fault is no longer the one who flatters, but the one who wants to be flattered.

Truthfulness is not a vice.

Pretense brings together those who are bound by the mutual responsibility of hypocrisy.

People can turn the most innocent activity into a crime.

The most unbearable thing in love is calmness. The cloudless can become boring, in life it is impossible to do without ebbs and flows: with obstacles, love flares up more strongly, and pleasure is valued more.

A strong blow is dealt to vices when they are exposed to public ridicule. Reproach is easy to bear, but ridicule is far from so.

Nobody wants to be funny.

It’s hard for coquettes to lose fans,
And to attract attention again, over the years
and They become inveterate hypocrites.
Their passion is to judge people. And how harsh is their judgment!
No, they do not recognize mercy.
They look for stains on someone else's conscience,
But not out of good feelings - out of envy, of course.
These righteous women are angry: why are they available to us?
Those joys that they can no longer handle?

Anyone who wants to accuse has no right to rush.

Learning in a fool is most intolerable.

No matter what they say, there is something extraordinary in a person - something that no scientists can explain.

Of all eternal things, love lasts the shortest.

There is no harm in misconduct, only harm in publicity.
To confuse the world with temptation is a sin, and
emergency,
But it is not a sin to sin if the sin is shrouded in mystery.

Moliere (Jean Baptiste Poquelin) was born around 1618-1622. The greatest comedian of France, creator of classic comedy. Author of plays - “The Flying Doctor”, “School for Husbands”, “Reluctant Marriage”, “Tartuffe”, “Don Juan”, “The Miser”, “The Tricks of Scapin”, etc. He died on February 17, 1673, in the city of Paris.

Aphorisms, quotes, sayings, phrases by Moliere (Jean Baptiste Poquelin)

Truthfulness is not a vice.
Love is a great teacher.
It is not reason that controls love.
We'll only die once, but that'll be a long time.
Learning in a fool is most intolerable.
Grammar commands even kings.
A bad life leads to a bad death.
It's nice to know that you learned something.
Book wisdom makes a fool twice as stupid.
Envious people will die, but envy will never die.
Who hasn't lost their mind at least once in their life?
Whoever wins time wins everything in the end.
Virtue is powerless to fight slander.
He who did not know love was as if he had not lived.
In love, pretense is very similar to the truth.
I see that a man is more terrible than a fierce beast.
The love of a jealous person is more like hatred.
Prudence enlightens, but passion blinds.
Music is a wonderful spice to a good meal.
Anyone who wants to accuse has no right to rush.
He who loves must be as solid as a rock.
Whoever is a friend to everyone, I do not consider him my friend.
Of all eternal things, love lasts the shortest.
Women love most when people spend money on them.
Only he knew bliss who touched his heart with passion.
Medicine is one of the greatest misconceptions of mankind.
Many people die not from their illnesses, but from medications.
People can turn the most innocent activity into a crime.
It is better to die according to all the rules than to recover against the rules.
A beauty can afford anything, a beauty can forgive anything.
There is nothing sweeter than breaking the resistance of a beauty.
Hypocrisy is a fashionable vice, and all fashionable vices pass for virtues.
The highest proof of love is submission to the will of the one you love.
In words, all people are the same, and only actions reveal their differences.
What they don’t sacrifice in order to be called a noble lady!
We sometimes love without knowing it, but often we call delirium empty love.
Those who are always sad, jealous and gloomy often have an unsuccessful debut in love.
It’s bad if the son-in-law is disgusting to the father-in-law, but if the husband is disgusting to his wife, it’s twice as bad.
Pretense brings together those who are bound by the mutual guarantee of hypocrisy.
Anyone who is too wary about horns should not get married at all - there is no other remedy.
The word belongs half to the one who speaks and half to the one who listens.
If wives think only about their husbands; They have no need to dress up to the nines.
Young people behave badly most often because their fathers raise them poorly.
Old age helped her overcome temptations. Yes, morality grows stronger when the flesh becomes decrepit.
Movements of jealousy should be unbearable when they arise from love that is disgusting to us.
The emerging attraction is fraught with inexplicable charm, all the charm of love is in change.
There is nothing so impudent and funny that it cannot be swallowed, seasoned with praise.
Those who are very lean willingly wear a sweatshirt, those who have little substance inflate it with words.
Virtue is the first sign of nobility; I attach much less importance to names than to actions.
Speeches do not move things forward. We must act, not talk; actions resolve disputes better than words.
No matter what they say, there is something extraordinary in a person - something that no scientists can explain.
When a man in a robe and cap speaks, all nonsense becomes learning, and all stupidity becomes intelligent speech.
There is no cure in the world for slander. We need to live honestly and despise slander, and let gossips talk for their health.
You can't live on incense. Praise alone is not enough for a person; give him something more substantial; The best way to reward someone is to put something in your hand.
A strong blow is dealt to vices when they are exposed to public ridicule. Reproach is easy to bear, but ridicule is far from so. Nobody wants to be funny.
The most unbearable thing in love is calmness. Cloudless happiness can become boring; in life you cannot do without ebbs and flows: with obstacles, love flares up more strongly, and pleasure is valued more.

Sections: Literature

Moliere is perhaps the most popular and therefore wonderful artist of the new art.
L.N. Tolstoy
The immortal Tartuffe, the fruit of the most intense tension of comic genius.
A.S. Pushkin

Goals:

(image) By analyzing the stage work, show the development of Tartuffe’s character.
(developed) Development of expressive reading skills and speech development.
(reproduction) Instilling interest in foreign literature and dramatic works.

During the classes

I. Org. moment

II. Message of lesson topic, goals

1. Introductory speech by the teacher.

Literature lesson. Today we have an extracurricular reading lesson on the works of Moliere. Therefore, I would like to first recall some information from the life and work of this man. To do this, I asked you to prepare a short message individually. Let's listen to the student's story.

(Biography of the writer for 5 minutes. See S. D. Artamonov “History of foreign literature of the 17th-17th centuries”)

– Now, I think, everyone remembered the outstanding French playwright. What work of Moliere did we study this year? (“A tradesman among the nobility”). Now let’s check what remains in your memory with a short quiz or crossword puzzle.

2. Quiz

The main character of the comedy. (Mr. Jourdain)
Marquise's name. (Dorimena)
The name of Mr. Jourdain's daughter. (Lucille)
A young man in love with Lucille. (Cleonte)
Muslims have a learned lawyer, an expert in Islamic law. (Mufti)
A count in love with Dorimena. (Dorant)
Servant of Cleonte. (Koviel)
A maid in the house of Mr. Jourdain. (Nicole)

- Keyword comedy. Let's remember what comedy is? Let's give LZ.

Comedy- a dramatic work with a fun, funny plot.

III. Literature review(book exhibition)

– I see that you remember Moliere’s work “The Bourgeois in the Nobility” quite well. But this is not the only work, he has many more comedies. (Read the first epigraph).

I would like to introduce you to several more comedies presented at this exhibition. In this book you will find such comedies by Moliere as “Don Juan, or the Stone Guest”, “The Miser”, “The Imaginary Invalid”, “The Tricks of Scapin”.

Today our lesson is dedicated to Moliere’s comedy “Tartuffe”. And the topic of our lesson is “Moliere’s Tartuffe - an example of hypocrisy and falsehood.” And as confirmation of this with an epigraph, I took the words of A.S. Pushkin. (Read the second epigraph).

IV. Recording the date, lesson topic, epigraph in a notebook

V. Introduction to a new topic

-Who is Tartuffe? (The main character of the comedy)

– Is there anything unusual about the name? (Tartuffe is a name composed by Molière. It is rooted in the Old French word “truffer” (to deceive, cheat)

- How do you understand the word hypocrite? (The children answer. And in Ozhegov’s explanatory dictionary this is the definition. Prude - a hypocrite hiding behind ostentatious virtue and piety. (On the back of the board, then the children write in their notebooks)

VI. The history of the creation of the work “Tartuffe”

(Individual student message)

– So, today we have to meet the main character of the comedy, but first I would like you to hear a few words from the history of the creation of this work. (Student message for 5 minutes. See in the preface to the work)

VII. Conversation on teacher issues

– You read this work, what literary movement do you think this work belongs to? (Classicism)

– What features are characteristic of classicism? (Unity of action (i.e. one storyline - the revelation of Tartuffe), place and time)

– Prove the presence of these traits in comedy. (In Orgon's house, for one day)

VIII. Getting to know the characters

– Who is the main character? (Tartuffe)

- Why? (Because all events revolve around Tartuffe, all the other characters interact with him in one way or another, express their attitude towards him)

– When does Tartuffe first appear on stage? Immediately or not? (No. He appears in the second scene of the third act. Tartuffe does not appear during the first two acts. However, his characterization is fully given in the speeches of the characters, that is, he is exposed before he enters the stage.) ( Development of Tartuffe's character)

– Let's try to paint the image of this person with the words of the heroes. Do all the characters have the same attitude towards Tartuffe? (No. They seem to be divided into two camps. Some are against, others stand up)

IX. Independent written work for 5 minutes

1st camp: Orgon, Madame Pernelle

(He is a righteous man, a protector; Pious (Pernel) Poor fellow;
“Here is a man! He..He.. Well, in a word, a man!”

2nd camp: Elmira, Damis, Dorina, Cleant

(The trickster (Damis), the all-powerful tyrant, the bigot, the persistent saint, this goose, appeared
good news who, no one knows where from
this one is deceitful; rogue and madman (Cleanthes); villain (Damis); creature, swindler; slippery
snake, hypocrite, brute

X. Checking written work (5 min.)

– Now put your name, which camp would you classify yourself in?

- Why? (can cause admiration for his art of hypocrisy)

– The topic of our lesson is “Moliere’s Tartuffe - an example of hypocrisy and falsehood.” Therefore, tell me, in what phenomena do you think the image of Tartuffe is most clearly revealed? Name these points from the text.

Act 3, scene 2, page 66 – first appearance of Tartuffe
Act 3, scene 6, page 75 - after Damis told Orgon about Tartuffe’s harassment of Elmira.
Scene 7, p. 81 – how he behaves
Page 84 – read out
Scene 4, p. 89 – scene of revelation
Phenomenon 7, pp. 112-113

XI. Work based on illustrations for the work

– What moment is captured in this illustration? (Exposure scene)

- Let's focus on this: how, by what means is Tartuffe exposed?

XII. Expressive reading based on the roles of the revelation scene

(Appearance 4-7, pp. 89-98)

– So how does Tartuffe’s exposure take place? (His wife helps him see Tartuffe's true face)

– After this scene of exposure, is Tartuffe completely defeated or does he still feel the strength and resist? (He continues to fight for the right of inheritance, for the house)

– And when does complete exposure come? (After the king's intervention)

– What moment is captured in the second illustration? (Full disclosure)

– Find in the text and read the words that characterize this illustration.

Officer
“Our sovereign is the enemy of lies. From his vigilance
Deceit and trickery cannot hide."

XIII. Relevance

– This is a work of the 17th century, now it’s the 21st century. Why do you think this work is still read today, plays are staged based on it, films are made? (Because in our time, such vices as hypocrisy, deceit, falsehood, hypocrisy have not yet been eliminated. Many people pay attention to the appearance of people, their manners and speech, and not to their actions, i.e., just like Orgon and his mother allow themselves to be deceived by liars and hypocrites.)

XIV. Time reserve

We couldn’t analyze such a work deeply in one lesson; we didn’t touch on the characters of the other characters at all, but I would like to check how correctly you understand them with a small test.

Whoever is a friend to everyone, I don’t consider him a friend.

Fools

Learning in a fool is the most intolerable thing.

Wife

If wives think only about their husbands,
They have no need to dress up to the nines.

Women

Women love most when people spend money on them.

Life

A bad life leads to a bad death.

Envy

Envious people die, but envy never does.

Knowledge

How nice it is to know that you learned something!

Slander

There is no cure in the world for slander.
We need to live honestly and despise slander,
And let the gossips chat for their health.

Virtue is powerless to fight slander.

Flattery

Imitate people in their inclinations, follow their rules, indulge their weaknesses, admire their every action - and make of them what you want; This is the best way, you can safely play openly. Don’t be afraid to over-salt, even the smartest person will be caught like a fool; he will swallow obvious nonsense, obvious absurdity and not wince, unless this dish is seasoned with flattery. This cannot be said to be fair, but it must be applied to the right people. Since there is no other way, the fault is no longer the one who flatters, but the one who wants to be flattered.

Hypocrisy

Hypocrisy is a fashionable vice, and all fashionable vices pass for virtues.

Pretense brings together those who are bound by the mutual guarantee of hypocrisy.

Love

We sometimes love without knowing it, and often we call delirium empty love.

Who is always sad, jealous and gloomy,
That debut in love is often unsuccessful.

The most unbearable thing in love is calmness. Cloudless happiness can become boring; in life you cannot do without ebbs and flows: with obstacles, love flares up more strongly, and pleasure is valued more.

The love of a jealous person is more like hatred.

He who did not know love was as if he had not lived.

The emerging attraction is fraught with inexplicable charm, the whole charm of love lies in change.

The highest proof of love is submission to the will of the one you love.

In love, pretense is very similar to the truth.

Medicine

Medicine is one of the greatest misconceptions of mankind.

Youth

Young people behave badly most often because their fathers raise them poorly.

Moral

Morality grows stronger when the flesh becomes decrepit.

Accusations

Anyone who wants to accuse has no right to rush.

Grievances

If they caused you a heartfelt insult,
Pay with oblivion - that’s what pride tells us;
If you can't forget, then at least pretend
Don't humiliate yourself.

Is it true

Truthfulness is not a vice.

Ancestors

Noble birth without virtue is nothing. We share in the glory of our ancestors only to the extent that we ourselves strive to be like them. The brilliance of their deeds, which also illuminates us, imposes on us the duty to give them the same honor, to follow in their footsteps and not to change their virtues, if we want to be considered their true descendants.

Intelligence

Prudence enlightens, but passion blinds.

Reason

It is not reason that controls love.

Who hasn't lost their mind at least once in their life?

Pleasure

There is nothing sweeter than breaking the resistance of a beauty.

Human

No matter what they say, there is something extraordinary in a person - something that no scientists can explain.

Feelings

When we are ready to succumb to the dictates of feelings,
Shyness always prevents us from admitting it.
Know how to recognize behind the coldness of words
Excitement of the soul and heart is a tender call.

on other topics

There is no harm in misconduct, only harm in publicity.
To confuse the world with temptation is a sin, and an extreme one,
But it is not a sin to sin if the sin is shrouded in mystery.

Grammar commands even kings.

When a man in a robe and cap speaks, all nonsense becomes learning, and all stupidity becomes intelligent speech.

If a girl is forced down the aisle,
This is where virtue often ends.
After all, maybe the spouse is calm for his honor
Only on the condition that you yourself are worthy of love.
And if husbands have something growing on their foreheads,
Let them blame themselves - not their wives and not fate.

A beauty can afford anything, a beauty can forgive anything.

Anyone who is too wary about horns should not get married at all - there is no other remedy.

There are false righteous people, just as there are false brave men.
Brave fighters are not guilty of bragging,
And the righteous are those who set an example for us,
They do not engage in hypocritical antics.

You can't live on incense. Praise alone is not enough for a person; give him something more substantial; The best way to encourage someone is to put something in your hand.

Speeches do not move things forward. We must act, not talk; actions resolve disputes better than words.

A strong blow is dealt to vices when they are exposed to public ridicule. Reproach is easy to bear, but ridicule is far from so. Nobody wants to be funny.

It’s hard for coquettes to lose fans,
And to attract attention again, over the years
They become inveterate hypocrites.
Their passion is to judge people. And how harsh is their judgment!
No, they do not recognize mercy.
They look for stains on someone else's conscience,
But not out of good feelings - out of envy, of course.
These righteous women are angry: why are they available to us?
Those joys that they can no longer handle?

LESSON #8

Subject. Moliere (Jean Baptiste Poquelin) (1622 - 1673) - comedian, actor, theater figure. Leading themes and artistic features of Moliere's comedies.

Target: introduce students to the life and creative path of Moliere; to form in students the concept of comedy as a genre of drama; deepen students' knowledge of classicism; develop a thoughtful attitude to educational material, monologue speech skills; cultivate interest in literature.

Equipment: portrait of Zhe. B. Moliere; exhibition of books with works by Moliere.

Lesson type: assimilation of new knowledge and the formation of skills and abilities based on it.

A star that will never go out...

N. Boileau

Nothing is needed for his memory, but for ours we need him...

Inscription on the monument to Zhe. B. Moliere in the meeting room of the French Academy

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Updating of reference knowledge

Express survey

1. Name the most famous political figures in France in the 17th century.

2. What does the term "classicism" mean?

3. Why did classicism arise?

4. What did classicism inherit from antiquity?

5. What art in the era of classicism was considered a model of perfection?

6. What characters were the heroes divided into in the works of the classic era?

7. What do you know about the rule of three unities?

8. Who is considered the main theorist of the era of classicism?

9. What genres developed during the era of classicism?

III. Motivation for learning activities

Teacher. For several centuries, viewers have been excited by the images created by outstanding playwrights of the classic era. The tragedies “The Cid” by P. Corneille, “Britanique”, “Phaedre” by J. Racine depict the conflict between human dignity, high moral duty and passions. The artistic perfection of J. B. Moliere's comedies attracted the attention of his contemporaries to the problem of people's life. It is no coincidence that Moliere is considered the founder of the “high comedy” genre. Thanks to the fact that Moliere applied the artistic achievements of the classicists when creating characters, his comedies shone with bright characters: a tradesman in the nobility, Tartuffe, a Misanthrope.

Who is Moliere? What was his life like? Why did Nicolas Boileau call him “the star that will never go out”? We will learn about this in today's lesson. (Students write down the topic and epigraph of the lesson in their notebooks.)

III. Working on the lesson topic

1. Teacher's introduction

Once the French king Louis XIV (Louis XIV) asked a courtier which writer would glorify the time of his reign in his work, and was very surprised to hear: “Molière!” Please take a look at Moliere's portrait. One of his contemporaries once said: “He was rather tall than short, had a noble bearing, and a beautiful gait. He walked slowly and looked very serious. He had a thick nose, a large mouth, fleshy lips, a dark complexion, black and thick eyebrows.” And he said nothing about the playwright’s eyes, large, dark brown, amazingly beautiful eyes, in which intelligence and honesty shine. Honesty is the greatest engine in art, which requires the artist to depict the truth of life, inspires the fight against evil, and protects the master of words from making compromises with his own conscience.

2. Moliere’s life and creative path. Student messages on proactive tasks

"Enhanced Lecture"

Methodical comment

Students first fill out the left column of the table, then listen to the text about the life and work of J.B. Moliere. After listening to the text, students fill out the right column of the table (to do this, take 5-7 minutes), after which students read out their notes if they wish. The teacher breaks a large text into several parts. After reading each one, students work to complete the right column of the chart.

Approximate message content

Moliere (Jean Baptiste Poquelin) - the great French playwright, theater figure, was born in Paris on January 15, 1622 into a bourgeois family and was supposed to inherit the profession of his father, a court upholsterer, or become a lawyer, but he decided that his calling was acting. According to the testimony of Grimare, Moliere's first biographer, his grandfather often took his grandson to the Burgundy Hotel for performances in which Bellerose played brilliantly, and enchanted by Jean Baptiste, he dreamed of being like the idol of the Parisians. But this profession was considered one of the most worthless. Actors were cursed by the church; they were not allowed to be buried in a cemetery unless they had lost their occupation shortly before their death. When Moliere became a famous writer of his time, the French Academy invited him to become an academician, but on the condition that he leave theatrical activities. Moliere remained an actor and director of his theater, so the doors of the Academy were closed forever for him.

Having tested his acting skills in school plays and productions, he joined the troupe of the “Brilliant Theater” (1644), but this theater was not successful: all the actors were amateurs, not professionals. In the end, “Brilliant” went bankrupt, and Poquelin, who was responsible for financing the theater, even found himself in debt. The actors decided to leave Paris and seek their fortune in the provinces. They lasted twelve years (1646-1658). At first, only tragedies were played, since the classicists considered comedy a low genre, since reality in comedies was depicted very superficially and vulgarly, rude jokes and obscene situations were widely used. The aristocratic audience treated comedy with contempt, and the Parisian theater troupe, if it craved fame and money, could count on success only by winning the favor of the aristocrats.

Classicism, with its contemptuous attitude towards comedies, held back the development of this genre. Moliere - also a classicist in the way he portrayed reality, but a brilliant playwright - behaved freely with rules and norms, believing that people should be presented in comedies as they really are, so that the characters embody their contemporary society; and if the rules of classicism do not contribute to this, one should not pay attention to them.

Working in the provinces, Moliere begins to master the principles and techniques of comedy and writes plays for his troupe. The troupe now has its own repertoire and its own audience. The actors reached the heights of comedy, and Moliere polished his talent with them. He made jokes and improvised: the fact that he stuttered slightly created a comic effect; his face, with its massive nose, large mouth and thick eyebrows, sparkled with merriment. A few years later, Moliere headed the theater society. The fame of the successes of the provincial comedy troupe reached Paris. Moliere not only selflessly acted on stage, he created new principles of stage acting.

In 1658, Moliere's troupe returned to the capital and played Corneille's tragedy "Nicomed" in front of Louis XIV and his court. Again tragedy - again failure. But Moliere, wanting to correct the depressing impression, immediately showed his comedy “The Doctor in Love” in the manner of Italian comedies of masks. It was a huge success. The king left the troupe in Paris, gave it the Petit-Bourbon theater, and awarded Moliere an annual pension. The first play to be staged in the new theater was the one-act comedy “Funny Manners” (1659). It ridicules provincial women who are fond of pretentious culture, dream of an aristocratic life, having refused their bourgeois fiancé. The comedy was a huge success, but the aristocrats were offended by Moliere for ridiculing them. Moliere really harshly ridiculed the intentions of the aristocrats to dissociate themselves from the people, creating a conventional culture, bizarre speech and manners. The enemies took revenge on the playwright. The troupe was evicted from Petit-Bourbon, and the theater building was destroyed so quickly that they did not have time to remove the scenery and costumes. The actors found themselves on the street, but did not leave Moliere, although they were invited to other theaters. The king allocated a new room for the troupe - a hall in the Palais Royal palace. Moliere would work there for the rest of his life. The king was involved in the Molière theater: he was the first spectator of half of the twenty-eight performances, and many comedies were written and performed at the behest of the king.

Due to the fact that the production of tragedies did not bring success to the troupe, Moliere decides to move the moral issues from tragedy with its conventional ancient characters into comedy, as it depicts the modern life of ordinary people. This idea was first embodied in the comedies “The School for Husbands” (1661) and “The School for Wives” (1662), in which the playwright posed the problem of education. Glorifying humane education and the human right to marry for love, Moliere opposed the official morality of his time. Feudal society, churchmen, and rich bourgeois did not forgive Moliere for violating moral norms. However, despite the spite of enemies, the comedy was a great success.

Moliere considered his task to be the ruthless exposure of vices - selfishness, ambition, hypocrisy and money-grubbing, which were generated by a society based on noble privileges and possessive instincts. The years 1664 - 1670 saw the greatest flowering of the great playwright's work. It was at this time that he created his best comedies: “School for Husbands”, “Tartuffe”, “Don Juan”, “The Misanthrope”, “The Miser”, “The Tradesman - Nobleman”. Moliere's best comedy, Tartuffe, had a difficult fate. Its production took place for the first time in 1664 during a grand celebration organized by the king in honor of his wife and mother. Moliere wrote a satirical play in which he denounced the “Society of the Holy Sacrament” - a mysterious religious institution that tried to subjugate all spheres of life in the country. The king liked the comedy because he feared the strengthening of the power of the clergy. But Queen Mother Anna of Austria was deeply outraged; she was involved in this society. The clergy demanded that the author be burned at the stake for disrespect for the church. The comedy was banned, but Moliere continued to work on it. The artistic form of the third version was perfect - it has been printed, read and staged for more than three hundred years.

Moliere died on February 17, 1673 in his theater immediately after the end of the last act of the comedy “The Imaginary Invalid,” in which he played the main role. He played in the play when he was already very ill. The wife asked to postpone the performance, but Moliere replied that more than 50 people receive money for participating in performances and they cannot be left without income. He was able to play through the performance to the end, using his last efforts of will to mask the spasms of pain with a roaring laugh. But he could no longer leave the theater on his own. They carried him in their arms to a nearby apartment, where he died a few hours later.

Only after much trouble from his widow and the personal instructions of King Louis XIV was Moliere’s body buried according to Christian rites, despite the objections of the church, since the actor did not have time to receive unction. Moliere was buried at night in the Saint-Joseph cemetery. The playwright's ashes rest in the cemetery, in a sarcophagus placed on four columns a few steps from the grave of La Fontaine, who outlived him by twenty years.

By decree of the king, the Moliere troupe was merged with the troupe of the Burgundy Hotel; as a result of this merger, the Comedie Française theater appeared - “the house of Moliere,” as the French still call it.

Question for the class

What do you remember most about what you heard today about the life of Molière?

Leading themes and artistic features of Moliere's comedies

The young Moliere began by writing farces, then moved on to creating a comedy of intrigue, or a comedy of situations (errors), which gradually turned into a comedy of characters and customs - high comedy. High comedies appeared on the stage from the pen of Moliere virtually during the last decade of his life. Moliere discovered that people are often prevented from adequately perceiving reality by their wild imagination, admiration and passions that blind them.

Such people seem ridiculous because they are dependent on their mania and are not able to use common sense. In each play, Moliere brings out such a character (protagonist), blinded by comic mania. He contrasts him with another hero (antagonist), a cold and sensible intriguer who manages to take advantage of the protagonist’s self-indulgence and benefit from it. But at the end of the comedy, the scales fall from the eyes of the protagonist, and he begins to realize the reality of events. The antagonist is exposed, and he leaves in disgrace. Moliere showed that common sense, not warmed by cordiality, turns into cold, selfish calculation and makes a person immoral. Moliere advocates the harmony of heart and mind.

Doctors are often found among Moliere's comic characters. They create an aura of mystery around their profession and fool patients, profiting from their fears and gullibility. There were many other ways to earn money, for example, teaching grammar and philosophy. Moliere ridiculed uneducated, but enterprising and self-interested doctors and teachers.

IV. Reflection

1. Conversation

Which characters did Moliere most readily portray in his comedies?

Formulate the main comic conflict in Moliere's plays.

What events in Moliere's life are of particular importance for understanding his work?

2. Arranging a bunch on the theme "Molière"

V. Homework

Work through the outline; from the dictionary of literary terms, write down the definitions of the terms “comedy”, “comedy of masks”; read Molière's comedy "The Bourgeois - Nobleman".