As soon as Pierre laid his head on the pillow, he felt that he was falling asleep; but suddenly, with the clarity of almost reality, a boom, boom, boom of shots was heard, groans, screams, the splashing of shells were heard, the smell of blood and gunpowder, and a feeling of horror, the fear of death, overwhelmed him. He opened his eyes in fear and raised his head from under his overcoat. Everything was quiet in the yard. Only at the gate, talking to the janitor and splashing through the mud, was some orderly walking. Above Pierre's head, under the dark underside of the plank canopy, doves fluttered from the movement he made while rising. Throughout the yard there was a peaceful, joyful for Pierre at that moment, strong smell of an inn, the smell of hay, manure and tar. Between two black canopies a clear starry sky was visible.
“Thank God this isn’t happening anymore,” thought Pierre, covering his head again. - Oh, how terrible fear is and how shamefully I surrendered to it! And they... they were firm and calm all the time, until the end... - he thought. In Pierre's concept, they were soldiers - those who were at the battery, and those who fed him, and those who prayed to the icon. They - these strange ones, hitherto unknown to him, were clearly and sharply separated in his thoughts from all other people.
“To be a soldier, just a soldier! - thought Pierre, falling asleep. – Enter into this common life with your whole being, imbued with what makes them so. But how can one throw off all this unnecessary, devilish, all the burden of this external man? At one time I could have been this. I could run away from my father as much as I wanted. Even after the duel with Dolokhov, I could have been sent as a soldier.” And in Pierre’s imagination flashed a dinner at a club, at which he called Dolokhov, and a benefactor in Torzhok. And now Pierre is presented with a ceremonial dining room. This lodge takes place in the English Club. And someone familiar, close, dear, sits at the end of the table. Yes it is! This is a benefactor. “But he died? - thought Pierre. - Yes, he died; but I didn't know he was alive. And how sorry I am that he died, and how glad I am that he is alive again!” On one side of the table sat Anatole, Dolokhov, Nesvitsky, Denisov and others like him (the category of these people was as clearly defined in Pierre’s soul in the dream as the category of those people whom he called them), and these people, Anatole, Dolokhov they shouted and sang loudly; but from behind their shout the voice of the benefactor could be heard, speaking incessantly, and the sound of his words was as significant and continuous as the roar of the battlefield, but it was pleasant and comforting. Pierre did not understand what the benefactor was saying, but he knew (the category of thoughts was just as clear in the dream) that the benefactor was talking about goodness, about the possibility of being what they were. And they surrounded the benefactor on all sides, with their simple, kind, firm faces. But although they were kind, they did not look at Pierre, did not know him. Pierre wanted to attract their attention and say. He stood up, but at the same moment his legs became cold and exposed.

Chamber music is instrumental or vocal music for a small group of performers: solo works, various kinds of ensembles (duet, trio, etc.), romances and songs. Chamber music developed alongside orchestral music from the 16th century and gravitated more towards instrumental than vocal music.

In its original meaning, chamber music was intended to be performed in relatively small (mostly domestic) spaces - in contrast to music intended to be performed in a church, theater or large concert hall, which is why the number of performers is very limited, the instruments chosen are not particularly strong in sound, for example strings (quartets, quintets, sextets, octets), much less often woodwinds (Mozart’s quintet for clarinet and strings, Beethoven’s quintet for piano, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, horn, his es-dur septet for piano, violin or viola, cello , double bass, clarinet, bassoon, horn).

The constant performance of chamber music in public concerts has changed the meaning of the term. Since the end of the 18th century, the expression “chamber music” has been applied to works written for performance by an ensemble, in which each part is intended for one performer (and not groups, as in choirs and orchestras) and all parts are more or less equal (unlike works for soloists). voice or instrument with accompaniment).

There are three periods in the history of chamber music:

The period from 1450 to 1650, which is characterized by the development of the technique of playing viols and instruments of other families, the gradual emergence of purely instrumental music with the continued predominance of the vocal style. Among the surviving works of this period, written specifically for instrumental compositions without voices, are the fantasies of Orlando Gibbons and the canzones and sonatas of Giovanni Gabrieli.

Symphonic music

Symphonic music is musical works intended to be performed by a symphony orchestra. Includes large monumental works and small plays. Main genres: symphony, suite, overture, symphonic poem. A symphony orchestra, a large group of musicians, includes three groups of instruments: wind, percussion, and bowed strings.

The classical (pair or double) composition of a small symphony orchestra was formed in the work of J. Haydn (paired brass, timpani and string quintet). A modern small symphony orchestra may have an irregular composition.

In a large symphony orchestra (from the beginning of the 19th century), the wind and percussion groups were expanded, harps and sometimes a piano were introduced; the group of bowed strings has been numerically increased. The name of the symphony orchestra is determined by the number of instruments in each wind family (pair, triple, etc.).

Symphony (from the Greek symphonia - consonance) is a piece of music for a symphony orchestra, written in sonata cyclic form, the highest form of instrumental music. Usually consists of 4 parts. The classical type of symphony developed in the late 18th - early 19th centuries. (J. Haydn, W. A. ​​Mozart, L. V. Beethoven). Among romantic composers, lyric symphonies (F. Schubert, F. Mendelssohn) and program symphonies (G. Berlioz, F. Liszt) became of great importance.

An important contribution to the development of symphonies was made by Western European composers of the 19th and 20th centuries: J. Brahms, A. Bruckner, G. Mahler, S. Frank, A. Dvorak, J. Sibelius, etc. Symphonies occupy a significant place in Russian music: A. P. Borodin, P. I. Tchaikovsky, A. K. Glazunov, A. N. Skryabin, S. V. Rachmaninov, N. Ya. Myaskovsky, S. S. Prokofiev, D. D. Shostakovich, A. I. Khachaturyan et al.

Cyclic forms of instrumental music are musical forms consisting of several relatively independent parts, which together reveal a single artistic concept. The sonata cyclic form consists, as a rule, of four parts - the fast 1st in sonata form, the slow lyrical 2nd, the fast 3rd (scherzo or minuet) and the fast 4th (finale). This form is typical for a symphony, sometimes a sonata, or a chamber ensemble; an abbreviated cyclic form (without a scherzo or minuet) is typical for a concert or sonata. Another type of cyclic form is formed by a suite, sometimes variations (orchestral, piano), in which the number and nature of parts can be different. There are also vocal cycles (series of songs, romances, ensembles or choirs), united by a plot, words of one author, etc.

Suite (French suite, lit. - row, sequence), an instrumental cyclic musical work of several contrasting parts. The suite is distinguished from the sonata and symphony by the absence of strict regulation of the number, nature and order of parts, and by its close connection with song and dance. Suite 17-18 centuries. consisted of an allemande, chime, sarabande, gigue and other dances. In the 19th-20th centuries. orchestral non-dance suites were created (P.I. Tchaikovsky), sometimes program ones (“Scheherazade” by N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov). There are suites composed of music from operas, ballets, as well as music for theatrical productions.

Overture (French ouverture, from Latin apertura - opening, beginning), an orchestral introduction to an opera, ballet, dramatic performance, etc. (often in sonata form), as well as an independent orchestral piece, usually of a programmatic nature.

Symphonic poem is a genre of symphonic program music. A one-movement orchestral work, in accordance with the romantic idea of ​​a synthesis of arts, allowing for a variety of program sources (literature, painting, less often philosophy or history). The creator of the genre is F. Liszt.

Program music is musical works that the composer has provided with a verbal program that concretizes perception. Many programmatic essays are associated with plots and images of outstanding literary works.

a small orchestra, the core of which is an ensemble of string players. instruments (6-8 violins, 2-3 violas, 2-3 cellos, double bass). In to. The harpsichord is often included, which, along with cellos, double bass, and often bassoons, takes part in the performance of the general bass. Sometimes in K. o. the spirit is turned on. tools. In the 17th-18th centuries. such orchestras (as opposed to church or opera orchestras) were used to perform concerti grossi, concerts with solo instruments, conc. symphonies, orc. suites, serenades, divertissements, etc. Then they did not bear the name “K. o.” This term came into use only in the 20th century. K. o., just like large and small, is independent. type of orchestra. Revival of K. o. largely due to the growing interest in pre-classical. and early classical music, in particular the work of J. S. Bach, and with the desire to reproduce its authentic sound. The basis of the repertoire of most K. o. constitute production A. Corelli, T. Albinoni, A. Vivaldi, G. F. Telemann, J. S. Bach, G. F. Handel, W. A. ​​Mozart, and others. An important role was also played by interest in CO. modern composers, driven by the desire to find adequate means for the embodiment of muses. ideas of a “small plan”, a reaction to the “super orchestra” that grew to gigantic proportions at the beginning of the 20th century. (R. Strauss, G. Mahler, I. F. Stravinsky) and a desire to save music. means, the revival of polyphony. K. o. 20th century characteristic means. freedom, irregularity, as if an accident of composition, each time determined by one or another art. by design. Under modern K. o. often imply composition, in which, as in a chamber ensemble, each instrument. the party is presented preem. one soloist. Sometimes K. o. limited only by strings. instruments (J.P. Rääts, Concerto for chamber orchestra, op. 16, 1964). In those cases when it includes the spirit. instruments, its composition can vary from several. soloists (P. Hindemith, "Chamber Music" No. 3, op. 36, for cello obligato and 10 solo instruments, 1925) up to 20-30 performers (A. G. Schnittke, 2nd concert for violin and chamber orchestra, 1970 ; D. D. Shostakovich, 14th Symphony for soprano, bass and chamber orchestra, op. 135, 1971), without, however, reaching the complete composition of the small symphony. orchestra. Boundaries between cosmonauts and chamber ensemble are quite vague. In the 20th century for K. o. write essays in a variety of genres. Among modern zarub. orchestras: K. o. under control W. Stross (Germany, organized in 1942), Stuttgart Co. under control K. Munchinger (Germany, 1946), Vienna Chamber Ensemble of Ancient Music "Musica anticua" under the direction of. B. Klebel (Austria), “Virtuosi of Rome” under the direction of. R. Fasano (1947), chamber orchestra of Zagreb Radio and Television (1954), chamber orchestra "Clarion Concerts" (USA, 1957), chamber orchestra under the direction of. A. Brotta (Canada) and others K. o. available in plural major cities of the USSR: Moscow K. o. under control R.B. Barshaya (1956), K. o. Moscow Conservatory under the direction of M. H. Tariana (1961), Leningradsky K. o. under control L. M. Gozman (1961), Kyiv K. o. under control I. I. Blazhkova (1961), K. o. Lithuanian state Philharmonic under the direction of S. Sondetsky (Kaunas, 1960), etc.

Literature: Ginzburg L., Rabei V., Moscow Chamber Orchestra, in: The Mastery of a Performing Musician, vol. 1, M., 1972; Raaben L., Chamber orchestras of Leningrad, in the book: Music and Life. Music and musicians of Leningrad, L., 1972; Quittard H., L'orchestre des concerts de chambre au XVII-e siècle, "ZIMG", Jahrg. XI, 1909-10; Rrunières H., La musique de la chambre et de l'écurie sous le rigne de François, 1 -er, "L" année musicale", I, 1911; separate ed., R., 1912; Cucue1 G., Etudes sur un orchestra au XVIII-e siècle, P., 1913; Wellesz E., Die neue Instrumentation , Bd 1-2, V., 1928-29; Carse A., The orchestra in the XVIIIth century, Camb., 1940, 1950; Rincherle M., L "orchestre de chambre, P., 1949; Paumgartner V., Das instrumentalen Ensemble, Z., 1966.

I. A. Barsova.

View value Chamber orchestra in other dictionaries

Chamber- chamber, chamber. Adj. to camera in 1 value watchman
Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Orchestra- M. Italian. a complete assembly of musicians to play together, which is like a choir in voice music; | a place fenced off in the theater and generally arranged somewhere for musicians. wow.......
Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

Orchestra M.— 1. A group of musicians performing a piece of music together on various instruments. 2. Ensemble of musical instruments. // Part of the musical ensemble........
Explanatory Dictionary by Efremova

Orchestra- orchestra, m. (from the Greek orchestra - a place for dancing in front of the stage). 1. Ensemble of musical instruments. Symphony orchestra concert. Piece for string orchestra. Wind........
Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Orchestra- -A; m. [French] orchestra from Greek. orchēstra - area in front of the stage in an ancient Greek theater]
1. A group of musicians or a collection of various instruments participating in the performance........
Kuznetsov's Explanatory Dictionary

Orchestra— This word came into Russian from French, being borrowed from Latin, which also borrowed it from Greece, where orchestra meant “place for dancing.” Romans........
Krylov's etymological dictionary

Chamber Corner- see iridocorneal angle.
Large medical dictionary

Big Symphony Orchestra of State Television and Radio- them. P. I. Tchaikovsky, academic, founded in 1930. Headed by conductors: A. I. Orlov, N. S. Golovanov, A. V. Gauk, G. N. Rozhdestvensky. Chief conductor and artistic director........

Military Band— see Brass band.
Large encyclopedic dictionary

State Symphony Orchestra— created in 1936 in Moscow. Since 1972 academic. It was headed by conductors: A. V. Gauk, N. G. Rakhlin, K. K. Ivanov, and since 1965 the chief conductor E. F. Svetlanov.
Large encyclopedic dictionary

Brass band- a group of musicians performing on wind and percussion instruments. A similar composition is typical for military bands.
Large encyclopedic dictionary

Chamber- related to the camera; consisting of chambers; equipped with a camera. 2) Intended for a narrow circle of listeners and spectators (for example, chamber art).
Large encyclopedic dictionary

Chamber Ensemble- a group of chamber music performers (trio, quartet, etc.), performing as a single artistic group. 2) A piece of music written for a small group of participants.
Large encyclopedic dictionary

Chamber Musical Theater St. Petersburg Opera- created in 1987. Artistic director - Yu. I. Alexandrov (since 1987).
Large encyclopedic dictionary

Chamber Orchestra- a small orchestra, the basis of which is a string group, supplemented by a harpsichord, spiritual instruments, and now also percussion. The repertoire is predominantly music of the 17th and 18th centuries. (concerts........
Large encyclopedic dictionary

Chamber Theater- Moscow - founded in 1914 by director A. Ya. Tairov, since 1920 - academic. Having proclaimed the aesthetic independence of theater as an art form, striving for the synthetic........
Large encyclopedic dictionary

Moscow Chamber Musical Theater- opened in 1972. The organizer and artistic director is B. A. Pokrovsky, among the conductors is G. N. Rozhdestvensky. Mostly chamber operas are staged: "Director of the Theatre",........
Large encyclopedic dictionary

Orchestra- (from orchestra) - a group of musicians (12 people or more) playing various instruments and performing musical works together. The term "orchestra" in the 17th-18th centuries.........
Large encyclopedic dictionary

Horn Orchestra- (horn music) - the orchestra was created in Russia in mid. 18th century. Consisted of improved hunting horns. Each instrument produced 1 sound of a chromatic scale.
Large encyclopedic dictionary

Russian National Symphony Orchestra- founded in 1991 in Moscow. Chief conductor - M. V. Pletnev.
Large encyclopedic dictionary

Symphony Orchestra- a large group of musicians performing symphonic musical works. includes 3 groups of instruments: wind, percussion, bowed strings. Classic (pairs,........
Large encyclopedic dictionary

String Orchestra- an orchestra consisting of string instruments - violins, violas, cellos, double basses, as well as folk instruments.
Large encyclopedic dictionary

Chamber charge- (a. room charge; n. Kammerladung, Kammermine; f. charge de chambre; i. cargo de camara) - a concentrated charge of large explosives (up to several million kg), placed in a special mine opening..... ...
Mountain encyclopedia

Chamber- - intended for a narrow circle, small. Camera-related.
Historical Dictionary

Orchestra— - a group of musicians. Replaced in the XVII-XVIII centuries. The term "capella" is common in European countries. O. string, wind, symphonic, etc., pop, jazz, military.
Historical Dictionary

Horn Orchestra— - horn music - an orchestra created in Russia in the mid-18th century. Consisted of improved hunting horns. Each instrument produced one sound of the chromatic scale.
Historical Dictionary

Russian Folk Orchestra named after N.P. Osipova- created in 1919 on the initiative of B.S. Troyanovsky and P.I. Alekseeva (artistic director until 1939) as the First Moscow Great Russian Orchestra; since 1936 - State Folk Orchestra........
Historical Dictionary

Symphony Orchestra— - a large group of musicians performing symphonic musical works. Includes 3 groups of instruments: wind, percussion, bowed strings.
Historical Dictionary

String Orchestra— - an orchestra consisting of stringed musical instruments - violins, violas, cellos, double basses, as well as folk instruments.
Historical Dictionary

Brass band- see orchestra.
Musical dictionary

Chamber orchestra

A small orchestra, the core of which is an ensemble of string players. instruments (6-8 violins, 2-3 violas, 2-3 cellos, double bass). In to. The harpsichord is often included, which, along with cellos, double bass, and often bassoons, takes part in the performance of the general bass. Sometimes in K. o. the spirit is turned on. tools. In the 17th-18th centuries. such orchestras (as opposed to church or opera orchestras) were used to perform concerti grossi, concerts with solo instruments, conc. symphonies, orc. suites, serenades, divertissements, etc. Then they did not bear the name “K. o.” This term came into use only in the 20th century. K. o., just like large and small, is independent. type of orchestra. Revival of K. o. largely due to the growing interest in pre-classical. and early classical music, in particular the work of J. S. Bach, and with the desire to reproduce its authentic sound. The basis of the repertoire of most K. o. constitute production A. Corelli, T. Albinoni, A. Vivaldi, G. F. Telemann, J. S. Bach, G. F. Handel, W. A. ​​Mozart, and others. An important role was also played by interest in CO. modern composers, driven by the desire to find adequate means for the embodiment of muses. ideas of a “small plan”, a reaction to the “super orchestra” that grew to gigantic proportions at the beginning of the 20th century. (R. Strauss, G. Mahler, I. F. Stravinsky) and a desire to save music. means, the revival of polyphony. K. o. 20th century characteristic means. freedom, irregularity, as if an accident of composition, each time determined by one or another art. by design. Under modern K. o. often imply composition, in which, as in a chamber ensemble, each instrument. the party is presented preem. one soloist. Sometimes K. o. limited only by strings. instruments (J.P. Rääts, Concerto for chamber orchestra, op. 16, 1964). In those cases when it includes the spirit. instruments, its composition can vary from several. soloists (P. Hindemith, "Chamber Music" No. 3, op. 36, for cello obligato and 10 solo instruments, 1925) up to 20-30 performers (A. G. Schnittke, 2nd concert for violin and chamber orchestra, 1970 ; D. D. Shostakovich, 14th Symphony for soprano, bass and chamber orchestra, op. 135, 1971), without, however, reaching the complete composition of the small symphony. orchestra. Boundaries between cosmonauts and chamber ensemble are quite vague. In the 20th century for K. o. write essays in a variety of genres. Among modern zarub. orchestras: K. o. under control W. Stross (Germany, organized in 1942), Stuttgart Co. under control K. Munchinger (Germany, 1946), Vienna Chamber Ensemble of Ancient Music "Musica anticua" under the direction of. B. Klebel (Austria), “Virtuosi of Rome” under the direction of. R. Fasano (1947), chamber orchestra of Zagreb Radio and Television (1954), chamber orchestra "Clarion Concerts" (USA, 1957), chamber orchestra under the direction of. A. Brotta (Canada) and others K. o. available in plural major cities of the USSR: Moscow K. o. under control R.B. Barshaya (1956), K. o. Moscow Conservatory under the direction of M. H. Tariana (1961), Leningradsky K. o. under control L. M. Gozman (1961), Kyiv K. o. under control I. I. Blazhkova (1961), K. o. Lithuanian state Philharmonic under the direction of S. Sondetsky (Kaunas, 1960), etc.
Literature: Ginzburg L., Rabey V., Moscow Chamber Orchestra, in: The Mastery of a Performing Musician, vol. 1, M., 1972; Raaben L., Chamber orchestras of Leningrad, in the book: Music and Life. Music and musicians of Leningrad, L., 1972; Quittard H., L'orchestre des concerts de chambre au XVII-e siècle, "ZIMG", Jahrg. XI, 1909-10; Rrunières H., La musique de la chambre et de l'écurie sous le rigne de François, 1 -er, "L" année musicale", I, 1911; separate ed., R., 1912; Cucue1 G., Etudes sur un orchestra au XVIII-e siècle, P., 1913; Wellesz E., Die neue Instrumentation , Bd 1-2, V., 1928-29; Carse A., The orchestra in the XVIIIth century, Camb., 1940, 1950; Rincherle M., L "orchestre de chambre, P., 1949; Paumgartner V., Das instrumentalen Ensemble, Z., 1966. I. A. Barsova.

Musical encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, Soviet composer. Ed. Yu. V. Keldysh. 1973-1982 .

See what “Chamber Orchestra” is in other dictionaries:

A small orchestra, the basis of which is a string group, supplemented by a harpsichord, spiritual instruments, and now also percussion. The repertoire mainly includes music from the 17th and 18th centuries. (concertos with solo instruments, concerto grosso, suites, etc.), as well as... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Chamber orchestra is a small group (usually 4-12 people) performing chamber music. Before the advent of symphony orchestras (in the 19th century), they were virtually the only type of orchestral group (with the exception of some ... ... Wikipedia

A small orchestra, the basis of which is a string group, supplemented by a harpsichord, wind instruments, and now also percussion. The repertoire mainly includes music from the 17th and 18th centuries. (concertos with solo instruments, concerti grossi, suites, etc.), as well as... encyclopedic Dictionary

A small orchestra, often with one performer for each part; see orchestra... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Chamber orchestra- (from Late Lat. and Italian. camera room, chamber) abbreviated symphonic. orchestra consisting of 15-30 performers. The compositions of K.O. are very different. At the heart of the K.O. is a small group of stringed instruments, to which woodwinds are added (up to 8... ... Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary

- (Czech: Sukův komorní orchestr) is a Czech chamber orchestra founded in 1974 by violinist Josef Suk and named after his grandfather, composer Josef Suk. The orchestra performs without a conductor; Suk Jr. remained his artistic... ... Wikipedia

- (English Chamber Orchestra of Europe; COE) is an academic musical group founded in 1981 and based in London. Among the orchestra's 50 musicians are representatives of 15 European countries. At different times, performances and recordings of the orchestra... ... Wikipedia

Music is, first of all, sounds. They can be loud and quiet, fast and slow, rhythmic and not very...

But each of them, each sounding note, in some certain way affects the consciousness of the person listening to the music, his state of mind. And if this is orchestral music, then it certainly cannot leave anyone indifferent!

Orchestra. Types of orchestras

An orchestra is a group of musicians who play music on musical instruments that are designed specifically for these instruments.

And depending on what this composition is, the orchestra has different musical capabilities: in timbre, dynamics, expressiveness.

What types of orchestras are there? The main ones are:

• symphonic;
• instrumental;
• folk instrument orchestra;
• wind;
• jazz;
• pop.

There is also a military orchestra (performing military songs), a school orchestra (comprising schoolchildren), and so on.

Symphony Orchestra

This type of orchestra contains strings, wind and percussion instruments.

There is a small symphony orchestra and a large one.

Maly is the one who plays the music of composers of the late 18th - early 19th centuries. There may also be modern variations in his repertoire. A large symphony orchestra differs from a small one by adding more instruments to its composition.

The small one must include:

• violins;
• alto;
• cellos;
• double basses;
• bassoons;
• horns;
• pipes;
• timpani;
• flutes;
• clarinet;
• oboe.

The large one includes the following tools:

• flutes;
• oboes;
• clarinets;
• contrabassoons.

By the way, it can contain up to 5 instruments from each family. And also in the large orchestra there are:

• horns;
• trumpets (bass, snare, alto);
• trombones (tenor, tenorbass);
• tuba

And, of course, percussion instruments:

• timpani;
• bells;
• snare and bass drum;
• triangle;
• plate;
• Indian tom-tom;
• harp;
• piano;
• harpsichord.

The peculiarity of a small orchestra is that there are about 20 string instruments in it, while in a large orchestra there are about 60.

The conductor leads the symphony orchestra. He artistically interprets a work performed by an orchestra using a score - a complete musical notation of all parts of each instrument of the orchestra.

Instrumental orchestra

This type of orchestra differs in its form in that it does not have a clear number of musical instruments of certain groups. And he can also perform any music (unlike a symphony orchestra, which performs exclusively classical music).

There are no specific types of instrumental orchestras, but conditionally they can include a pop orchestra, as well as an orchestra performing classics in modern arrangements.

According to historical information, instrumental music began to actively develop in Russia only under Peter the Great. She, of course, had Western influence, but she was no longer under such a ban as in earlier times. And before it got to the point where they banned not only playing, but also burning musical instruments. The Church believed that they had neither soul nor heart, and therefore they could not glorify God. And therefore instrumental music developed mainly among the common people.

They play in an instrumental orchestra the flute, lyre, cithara, pipe, trumpet, oboe, tambourine, trombone, pipe, nozzle and other musical instruments.

The most popular instrumental orchestra of the 20th century is the Paul Mauriat orchestra.

He was its conductor, leader, arranger. His orchestra played a lot of popular music of the 20th century, as well as his own compositions.

Folk Orchestra

In such an orchestra, the main instruments are folk ones.

For example, the most typical for a Russian folk orchestra are: domras, balalaikas, gusli, button accordions, harmonicas, zhaleikas, pipes, Vladimir horns, tambourines. Also additional musical instruments for such an orchestra are the flute and oboe.

The folk orchestra first appeared at the end of the 19th century, organized by V.V. Andreev. This orchestra toured a lot and gained wide popularity in Russia and abroad. And at the beginning of the 20th century, folk orchestras began to appear everywhere: in clubs, at palaces of culture, and so on.

Brass band

This type of orchestra assumes that it includes various wind and percussion instruments. It comes in small, medium and large.

Jazz orchestra

This type of orchestra was also called a jazz band.

It includes the following musical instruments: saxophone, piano, banjo, guitar, drums, trumpets, trombones, double bass, clarinets.

In general, jazz is a direction in music that was formed under the influence of African rhythms and folklore, as well as European harmony.

Jazz first appeared in the southern United States at the beginning of the 20th century. And soon it spread to all countries of the world. At home, this musical direction developed and was supplemented by new characteristic features that appeared in one or another region.

At one time in America, the terms “jazz” and “popular music” had the same meaning.

Jazz orchestras began to actively form already in the 1920s. And they remained so until the 40s.

Participants, as a rule, joined these musical groups in their teens, performing their specific part - memorized or from notes.

The 1930s are considered the pinnacle of glory for jazz orchestras. The leaders of the most famous jazz orchestras at that time were: Artie Shaw, Glenn Miller, and others. Their musical works were heard everywhere at that time: on the radio, in dance clubs and so on.

Currently, jazz orchestras and melodies written in the jazz style are also very popular.

And although there are more types of musical orchestras, the article discusses the main ones.