System of measures carried out by the state. and public organizations to ensure guaranteed minimum sufficient living conditions, maintaining the life and active existence of a person. Sometimes social protection is interpreted more narrowly: as ensuring a certain level of income for those segments of the population who, for some reason, cannot provide for their own existence: the unemployed, the disabled, the sick, orphans, the elderly, single mothers, large families. Basic principles of social protection: humanity; targeting; complexity; ensuring individual rights and freedoms.

Types of social protection. State forms: affordable healthcare; privileges; accessible education; pension; social system services and provision of social services. services; social measures support. Non-state forms: voluntary social insurance; charity; private healthcare systems, etc.

Social system protection- this is a set of legislative acts, measures, as well as organizations that ensure the implementation of social measures. protection of the population, support for socially vulnerable segments of the population.

It includes:

1. Social security- creation of state systems of material support and services for elderly and disabled citizens, as well as families with children at the expense of the so-called public consumption funds. In addition to pensions (old age, disability, etc.) to social security. provision includes benefits for temporary disability and childbirth, child care under 3 years of age, assistance to families in maintaining and raising children, family benefits, maintenance of the disabled in special organizations (nursing homes, etc.), free or preferential prosthetic care , providing disabled people with means of transportation, vocational training for disabled people, various benefits for families of disabled people.

2. Social guarantees - provision of social benefits and services to citizens without taking into account labor contribution and means testing based on the principle of distributing these benefits according to the needs of available public resources. In our country, to social guarantees include: guaranteed free honey. service; accessibility and free education; minimum wage; minimum pension, scholarship; social pensions (disabled since childhood; disabled children; disabled people without work experience; etc.); benefits for the birth of a child; ritual benefit for burial and some others.

A type of social guarantees are social. privileges. They represent a system of public guarantees provided to certain groups of the population (disabled people, war veterans, labor veterans, etc.).

Social insurance - protection of the economically active population from social risks based on collective solidarity in compensation for damage. The main social risks associated with loss of ability to work, work and, accordingly, income are illness, old age, unemployment, motherhood, accident, work injury, professional. illness, death of the breadwinner. There are 2 forms of social. insurance - compulsory (with the support of state funds) and voluntary (in the absence of state assistance). Support for citizens is provided primarily through cash payments (pensions and benefits for illness, old age, unemployment, loss of a breadwinner, etc.), as well as through financing the services of health care organizations, vocational training, etc., related to the restoration of working capacity.

Social support(assistance) is provided to socially vulnerable groups of the population who, for one reason or another, are unable to secure an income for themselves. Assistance is provided through both cash and in-kind payments (free lunches, clothing) and is financed from general tax revenues. Assistance is provided to those people whose incomes are below minimum living standards, and is an essential element of the anti-poverty policy. Social support is not limited to financial assistance. It also includes measures in the form of assistance and services provided to individuals or social groups. services to overcome life's difficulties, maintain social status, adaptation in society.

Social activities social services support, provision of social, medical, pedagogical, legal services and financial assistance, social services. adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult life situations has formed into a separate branch of social services. spheres - social service. Work aimed at providing assistance, support and protection to people, and, above all, to the socially weaker sections of society is called social work. The object of social work are people who need outside help: the elderly, pensioners, disabled people, seriously ill people, children; people who find themselves in a difficult life situation: the unemployed, drug addicts, teenagers who have fallen into bad company, single-parent families, those convicted and those who have served their sentences, refugees and displaced persons, etc. Social subjects work- those organizations and people who carry out this work. This is the state as a whole, implementing social services. politics through government social authorities protection.

The most important component of social protection of the population is the institution of social work bodies. The purpose of their activities is to implement state policy aimed at establishing stable and orderly connections between various levels of the organizational system designed to form social relations in society, provide citizens with potential life benefits to meet their needs, and develop economic independence in management.

The objects of management in the system of social protection of the population are institutions and organizations, labor and educational groups of this system, as well as relations between people. Subjects of management are bodies directly involved in the problems of social assistance to the population (ministries, committees, departments, administrations, departments of social protection of the population, labor collectives). The main function of bodies and institutions of social protection of the population is to improve the activities of its various structural elements, regulated by certain norms and controlled by social institutions to ensure the achievement of their goals.

Main levels of social work bodies:

Federal level (republic);

Labor collective;

Non-governmental (charitable) public organizations.

An important role in the system of social protection of the population is played by trade unions, administration and various forms of self-government in labor collectives.

The main functions of social protection bodies at the federal level:

1. organization of pension services and provision of benefits;

2. social services;

3. medical and social examination;

4. rehabilitation of disabled people and provision of prosthetic and orthopedic care;

5. social assistance to families and children;

6. preparation of legislation on social protection of the population;

7. foreign economic and international cooperation;

8. development of provisions on the basics of social policy;

9. analysis and forecast of living standards of various categories of the population;

11. development of social standards, etc. The functions of social protection bodies at the regional (local) level are regulated by higher authorities with a certain independence and include:

1. provision and solution of production and economic problems;

2. planning and financial and economic activities;

3. creation of various social assistance funds;

4. solving economic problems, etc.;

Functions of the workforce:

a) production and economic;

b) political;

c) managerial;

d) social;

e) educational;

Forms of social protection are “reflection in collective agreements of additional measures of social protection, support (payments, benefits, in-kind assistance, etc.) for workers and members of their families, as well as pensioners at the expense of relevant enterprise funds.”

The social functions of the workforce are:

1. improving the material and cultural living conditions of people;

2. development of the social structure of the team;

3. improving relationships within the team;

4. improvement of social security, healthcare;

5. organization of assistance in family life and leisure activities;

6. compliance with the principle of social justice.

Certain functions are performed by various charitable organizations and social assistance funds for the population:

a) social and medical assistance to the lonely, elderly, and infirm;

b) social rehabilitation of disabled people;

c) legal assistance to socially needy categories of the population, etc. Social Encyclopedia / Ed. count A.P. Gorkin, G.N. Karelova, E.D., Katulsky and others - M: Bolyi. Ross. Enz-ya, 2000. p. 255.

Social security and social insurance system in the Russian Federation

In modern conditions, social protection is becoming the most important function of society, all its government bodies and social institutions. Forms of social protection and private ones are also appearing - pensions, health insurance, social services. This indicates that a multi-structured organizational structure of the social protection system is emerging in our country.

The leading forms of social protection of the population at present are pension provision, provision of social benefits, benefits for especially needy categories of the population, state social insurance, and social services. Let's take a closer look at them.

Pension provision is a state regular cash payment, a pension, which is paid in accordance with the established procedure to certain categories of persons from social funds and other sources intended for these purposes.

Pensions are paid upon reaching a certain age, the onset of disability, the death of the breadwinner, or long-term performance of a certain professional activity - length of service.

The main types of pensions are labor and social. Labor pensions include old-age pension, disability pension, survivor's pension, long-service pension. If citizens for some reason do not have the right to an ore pension, a social pension is established for them.

Women have the right to a pension on a general basis upon reaching 55 years of age with a total work experience of at least 20 years, and men upon reaching 60 years of age with a total work experience of at least 25 years.

The payment of pensions is financed by the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation through insurance contributions from employers and citizens, as well as from the federal budget of Russia. All pensions are indexed in accordance with the established procedure in connection with the increase in the cost of living. When the minimum pension amounts are increased, all pensions increase in proportion to the increase in their minimum amounts. Social protection of the population: experience of organizational and administrative work / Ed. V.V. Kukushina. - Ed. 4th, revised and additional - Moscow: ICC “Mart”, Rostov-on-Don: Publishing Center “Mart”, 2004.- p. 371.

Another form of social protection of the population is the provision of social benefits and benefits to especially needy categories of citizens.

In modern conditions, the number of social payments and benefits is over 1000, they are established for more than 200 categories of citizens, the number of people applying for them reaches almost 10 million people. With the help of social benefits and benefits, the implementation of social guarantees of citizens is ensured, individual situations and the presence of such circumstances as poverty, orphanhood, unprotected motherhood, unemployment, long-term illness, etc. are more fully taken into account.

Compulsory state social insurance is a means of compensation for social risk and a means of social redistribution, taking into account the principle of social justice. This is one of the types of state material support for the population in the event of disability due to illness and in other cases provided for by law.

State social insurance is carried out through special funds formed through special contributions from employers and employees, as well as subsidies from the federal budget for material support of employees and members of their families.

State social insurance provision is divided into cash payments, material benefits and services. In modern conditions, the need to reform the entire system of state social insurance, to make fuller use of principles tested in different countries of the world has become obvious: guaranteed assistance to the insured and the mandatory nature of conditions and norms; payment; solidarity; automation of financing based on the accumulation of insurance premiums; strictly targeted nature of the funds and their repayment; determination of the insurance space in combination with the distinction between different types of insurance, etc. Improving social insurance includes:

Exemption of state social extra-budgetary funds from payments unusual for them, separation of insurance payments from taxes;

Introduction of differentiated amounts of insurance contributions for state social insurance depending on the degree of danger, harmfulness, severity of work and the state of working conditions;

Strengthening the personal participation of citizens in the financing and management of the social insurance system;

Development of voluntary forms of social insurance at the expense of citizens and enterprise income.

This will make it possible to turn social insurance into an important reliable component of the social protection system.

Social services represent a wide range of socio-economic, medical-social, psychological-pedagogical, social-legal, social-household and other social services and material assistance, adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens who find themselves in difficult life situations. Kholostova E.I. Social work: Textbook. allowance. - 2nd ed. - M.: Publishing and trading corporation "Dashkov and Co", 2005. p. 375.

Social protection of the population- this is one of the most important directions of the state’s social policy, which consists in establishing and maintaining the socially necessary financial and social status of all members of society.

Sometimes social protection is interpreted more narrowly: as providing a certain level of income for those segments of the population who, for some reason, cannot provide for their own existence: the unemployed, the disabled, the sick, orphans, the elderly, single mothers, large families.

Social protection system is a set of legislative acts, measures, as well as organizations that ensure the implementation of measures for social protection of the population and support for socially vulnerable segments of the population.

It includes:

1. Social Security- arose in Russia in the 20s of the twentieth century. and meant the creation of a state system of material support and services for elderly and disabled citizens, as well as families with children at the expense of the so-called public consumption funds. This category is essentially identical to the category of social protection, but the latter applies to a market economy.

In addition to pensions (for old age, disability, etc.), social security included benefits for temporary disability and childbirth, for caring for a child under one year of age, assistance to families in maintaining and raising children (free or on preferential terms, nurseries, kindergartens, boarding schools , pioneer camps, etc.), family benefits, maintenance of disabled people in special organizations (nursing homes, etc.), free or preferential prosthetic care, provision of means of transportation for disabled people, vocational training for disabled people, various benefits for families of disabled people. During the transition to the market, the social security system largely ceased to fulfill its functions, but some of its elements became part of the modern system of social protection of the population.

2. Social guarantees- provision of social benefits and services to citizens without taking into account labor contribution and means testing based on the principle of distributing these benefits according to the needs of available public resources. In our country, social guarantees include:

guaranteed free medical care;

accessibility and free education;

minimum wage;

minimum pension, scholarship;

social pensions (disabled children since childhood; disabled children; disabled people with no work experience; children who have lost one or both parents; persons over 65 (men) and 60 (women) years with no work experience);

benefits at the birth of a child, for the period of caring for a child until he reaches the age of 1.5 years, up to 16 years;

ritual benefit for burial and some others.

Since January 1, 2002, the amount of benefits associated with the birth of a child has been increased. Thus, the amount of a one-time benefit for the birth of a child increased from 1.5 thousand rubles to 4.5 thousand rubles and in 2006 - to 8,000 rubles, the monthly benefit for the period of parental leave until the child reaches the age of one and a half years from 200 up to 500 rubles, and in 2006 - up to 700 rubles. This benefit provided 25% of the subsistence level of an able-bodied person. The monthly benefit for a child under 16 years of age has not been revised and is 70 rubles. Its ratio to the child's subsistence level was 3.0% in 2004. In Moscow and some other regions, this benefit increased to 150 rubles in 2006.

A type of social guarantees are social benefits. They represent a system of public guarantees provided to certain groups of the population (disabled people, war veterans, labor veterans, etc.). In 2005, in-kind benefits for these categories of the population were replaced with monetary compensation. Since January 1, 2005, the preferential category of citizens has the right to use the social package and the right to receive monthly cash payments. The cost of the social package is set at 450 rubles. It includes travel on suburban transport, free medicine, sanatorium-resort treatment and travel to the place of sanatorium-resort treatment. The law provides that from January 2006, beneficiaries will be able to choose between a social package and receiving the corresponding amount of money.

From January 1, 2006, monthly cash payments in accordance with the law were established in the following amounts: disabled people of the Great Patriotic War - 2000 rubles; WWII participants - 1500 rubles; combat veterans and a number of other categories of beneficiaries - 1,100 rubles.

Persons who worked during the Second World War at air defense facilities, the construction of defensive structures, naval bases, airfields and other military facilities, family members of deceased or deceased disabled war veterans, World War II participants and combat veterans will receive 600 rubles monthly.

Disabled persons with a third degree of restriction of work activity are paid 1,400 rubles monthly; second degree - 1000 rubles; first degree - 800 rubles; Disabled children will be paid 1,000 rubles. Disabled people who do not have restrictions on their ability to work, with the exception of disabled children, receive 500 rubles monthly.

Social insurance- protection of the economically active population from social risks on the basis of collective solidarity in compensation for damage. The main social risks associated with loss of ability to work, work and, accordingly, income are illness, old age, unemployment, motherhood, accident, work injury, occupational disease, death of the breadwinner. The social insurance system is financed from special extra-budgetary funds formed from contributions from employers and employees, as well as state subsidies. There are two forms of social insurance - mandatory (with state support from its funds) and voluntary (in the absence of state assistance). Support for citizens is provided primarily through cash payments (pensions and benefits for illness, old age, unemployment, loss of a breadwinner, etc.), as well as through financing the services of health care organizations, vocational training, etc., related to the restoration of working capacity.

Social support(assistance) is provided to socially vulnerable groups of the population who, for one reason or another, are unable to secure an income for themselves. Assistance is provided through both cash and in-kind payments (free lunches, clothing) and is financed from general tax revenues. Social assistance is usually means tested. Assistance is provided to those people whose incomes are below minimum living standards, and is an essential element of the anti-poverty policy, ensuring a minimum guaranteed income, as the realization of the right to life.

Social support is not limited to financial assistance. It also includes measures in the form of assistance and services provided to individuals or groups of the population by social services to overcome life difficulties, maintain social status, and adapt to society.

The activities of social services for social support, provision of social services, medical, pedagogical, legal services and material assistance, social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult life situations have formed into a separate branch of the social sphere - social services.

The system of social service institutions in Russia is developing at a very rapid pace. During the period 1998-2004, the total number of social service institutions increased by a third. At the same time, the number of institutions for the elderly and disabled has increased by more than one and a half times compared to 1985, and by 18% compared to 1998. Number of social assistance centers for families and children for 1998-2004. increased by 2 times, social rehabilitation centers - by 2.5 times. There are 25 rehabilitation centers for young disabled people and 17 gerontological centers. New types of social service institutions have appeared: crisis centers for women, so far the only crisis center for men, crisis departments for girls.

Work aimed at providing assistance, support and protection to people, and especially to the socially weaker sections of society, is called social work.

Object of social work are people who need outside help: the elderly, pensioners, disabled people, seriously ill people, children; people who find themselves in difficult life situations: the unemployed, drug addicts, teenagers who have fallen into bad company, single-parent families, those convicted and those who have served their sentences, refugees and displaced persons, etc.

Subjects of social work- those organizations and people who carry out this work. This is the state as a whole, implementing social policy through state social protection bodies. These are public organizations: the Russian Association of Social Services, the Association of Social Pedagogues and Social Workers, etc. These are charitable organizations and relief societies such as the Red Cross and Red Crescent.

The main subjects of social work are people engaged in it professionally or on a voluntary basis. There are about half a million professional social workers (that is, people with appropriate education and diplomas) all over the world (several tens of thousands in Russia). The bulk of social work is carried out by non-professionals, either as a result of circumstances or out of conviction and a sense of duty.

Society is interested in increasing effectiveness of social work. However, it is quite difficult to define and measure it. Efficiency is understood as the ratio of the results of activities and the costs required to achieve this result. Efficiency in the social sphere is a complex category that consists of goals, results, costs and conditions of social activity. The result is the final result of any activity in relation to its goal. It can be positive or negative. In social work, the result is the satisfaction of the needs of its objects, clients of social services, and on this basis a general improvement in the social situation in society. Criteria for the effectiveness of social work at the macro level can be indicators of the financial situation of the family (person), life expectancy, level and structure of morbidity, homelessness, drug addiction, crime, etc.

Closely related to the criterion of efficiency is the problem of the limits of social assistance to citizens. As with the implementation of income policy, it is necessary to take into account the possible negative consequences of massive social support: the emergence of dependency, passivity, and reluctance to make decisions and solve one’s problems. Negative phenomena may arise in the social sphere (for example, active support for single mothers may result in a decrease in the marriage rate and, ultimately, the birth rate).

Introduction

The right of citizens of the Russian Federation to social protection is enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which proclaimed that the Russian Federation is a social state, the policy of which is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of people See: Constitution of the Russian Federation (adopted by popular vote on December 12, 1993 (from taking into account the amendments introduced by the Laws of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation dated December 30, 2008 N 6-FKZ, dated December 30, 2008 N 7-FKZ, dated February 5, 2014 N 2-FKZ, dated July 21, 2014 No. 11-FKZ) // Collection Legislation of the Russian Federation 2014. No. 15, Article 7. This provision is specified in Article 39 of the Constitution, according to which everyone is guaranteed social security in case of disability, for raising children and other cases established by law.

The topic of this course work is relevant because social justice has been violated, expressed in the colossal inequality created back in the nineties, in the inability of an educated, qualified person to find use for his abilities and knowledge and, as a result, receive a decent salary. In this regard, it is necessary to develop a plan (prospects) for the development of social protection of the population.

Social protection of the population covers a wide range of measures for state and public support of the population, including measures related to social security, understood as the activities of the state to provide material support for citizens in old age, in case of disability, in connection with the birth and raising of children, medical care and treatment.

In connection with the above, the purpose of this course work is to reveal the main directions and prospects for the development of social protection of the population.

Based on the stated goal, the following tasks are formulated in the course work:

Define social protection of the population in the Russian Federation;

Consider the main directions of social protection of the population;

Consider the prospects for the development of social protection of the population.

The concept of social protection, bodies carrying out this activity

family gerontological crisis children

Before revealing the prospects for the development of social protection, it is necessary to define this concept and reveal its main directions, reveal which bodies carry out this activity.

Social protection of the population in a broad sense is a set of socio-economic measures carried out by the state and society and ensuring the provision of optimal living conditions, satisfaction of needs, maintenance of life support and active existence of the individual, various social categories and groups; a set of measures aimed against risk situations in the normal life of citizens, such as illness, unemployment, old age, death of the breadwinner; a set of measures to ensure a state-guaranteed minimum level of material support for socially vulnerable segments of the population during the period of economic transformation and the associated decline in their standard of living See: State system of social protection of the population: Textbook. Averin A.N. - M.: Publishing house RAGS, 2010. P. 25..

The main goals of social protection of the population are getting rid of absolute poverty, when the average per capita total income of a family is below the subsistence level, providing material assistance to the population in extreme conditions, facilitating the adaptation of socially vulnerable groups of the population to the conditions of a market economy.

The main requirements for the implementation of social protection of the most vulnerable segments of the population are as follows. See; I.V. Petukhova. Definition of the concept of “social protection of the population”. 2012. P. 34.:

The primary and predominant role of the state in the implementation of this protection;

Shifting the center of gravity in work from material protection to social care for people;

The need to organize social protection, primarily through assistance to the family;

Increasing the role of social and national communities, religious communities, and collectives in the organization of social protection;

Strengthening the contribution of entrepreneurs to the social protection of needy citizens, poverty eradication, job creation, etc.;

Providing various forms of social protection and developing precisely targeted assistance measures designed for a specific group of people in need;

Maximum consideration of the principle of social justice, etc.

Every citizen has the right to social protection. The Constitution imposes an obligation on the state to create all the necessary conditions for the exercise of this right. It not only proclaims the right of citizens to social protection, but also clearly defines the ways of its implementation.

Basic principles of social protection:

Social partnership - the state solves practical social problems together with interested bodies and organizations.

Economic justice is socio-economic support for those who cannot participate in economic relations for objective reasons.

Adaptability is the ability of the social protection system for self-development and self-improvement.

The priority of state principles - the state acts as a guarantor of ensuring a socially acceptable standard of living for those who cannot achieve this on their own.

Preventive measures for social protection - forecasting and preventing social risks at the regional level for their more effective elimination, in particular through a flexible combination of paid and free services.

The priority people in need of social protection in the Russian Federation are:

1. Elderly citizens, especially single and living alone, including single married couples;

2. Disabled people of the Great Patriotic War and families of fallen servicemen;

3. Disabled people, including those disabled since childhood, and disabled children;

4. Disabled internationalist soldiers; citizens who suffered from the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and radioactive emissions in other places;

5. Unemployed;

6. Forced refugees and displaced persons;

7. Children are orphans; children with deviant behavior;

8. Families in which disabled children live, children are orphans;

9. Low-income families;

10. Large families;

11. Single mothers;

12. citizens infected with HIV or suffering from AIDS;

13. Persons with disabilities.

For these categories, social protection is considered as a system of permanent or long-term measures guaranteed by the state, providing conditions for overcoming a difficult life situation. These measures are aimed at creating protected categories of the population equal opportunities to participate in the life of society with other citizens. See: State system of social protection of the population: Textbook. Averin A.N. - M.: Publishing house RAGS, 2010. P. 124. They include social assistance and social support.

The following means are used for social protection of the population:

Regulatory restrictions that prevent the consequences of market mechanisms from reaching socially dangerous levels. To achieve this, the state regulates the minimum level of wages, guarantees the minimum permissible tax rates, guarantees a minimum free education and medical care;

A system of social incentives in the form of benefits, subsidies, installment plans, free or partially paid services and incentives for philanthropists.

Taking into account the results of a comprehensive analysis of the level of social and economic living conditions of population groups in need of support;

Organization of pension provision for citizens, including the creation of a non-state pension system;

Development of measures for material and everyday services for disabled and other citizens in need of social protection;

Creation of a targeted, differentiated support system on a state and charitable basis;

Organization and implementation of new forms and types of in-kind assistance, humanitarian, technical, emergency assistance.

The leading organizational and legal forms of social protection of the population are:

1. pension provision;

2. provision of social payments, subsidies, compensations and benefits to categories of the population in need of state social assistance; See: See: State system of social protection of the population: Textbook. Averin A.N. - M.: Publishing house RAGS, 2010. P.384.

3. state social insurance;

4. social services.

Bodies providing social protection

The main federal executive body pursuing state policy and management in the field of labor, employment and social protection of the population, coordinating the activities in these areas of other federal executive bodies and executive bodies of the constituent entities of the Federation, is the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation.

The management of the social insurance system is carried out with the help of specialized funds: the Pension Fund, the Social Insurance Fund and the Mandatory Medical Insurance Fund.

At the regional level, management is carried out by the executive authorities of the subject of the federation. Thus, in Moscow, the functions of implementing state policy in the field of social protection of citizens are carried out by the capital’s Department of Social Protection of the Population.

The department, its subordinate enterprises, institutions, organizations, as well as territorial bodies of social protection of the population form a unified state system of social protection of the population, providing state support for families, elderly citizens, veterans and disabled people, persons discharged from military service, and members of their families, development social service systems, implementation of state policy in the field of pensions and labor relations.

At the local level, the department of social protection of the population most often operates under the district administration.

In order to provide assistance to the population, various social services have been created and continue to be created. The tendency to create the most economical territorial network of social services, covering all problem categories of the population with their activities, has led to the design and implementation of a modular system of services. In this system, each service consists of module departments specialized in providing social assistance to a certain category of the population. Depending on the problems of the territory served, the structure of a social service institution is formed as a set of module departments that most adequately meet local social needs.

Integrated social service centers have the widest range of modules. They can contain up to 13 compartments:

1. Organizational and methodological department;

2. Advisory department;

3. Emergency social services department;

4. Department of trade services for low-income citizens;

5. Department of psychological and pedagogical assistance to families and children;

6. Department of assistance to women who find themselves in difficult life situations;

7. Department for the prevention of neglect of children and adolescents;

8. Day care department for children and adolescents;

9. Department of rehabilitation of children and adolescents with physical and mental disabilities;

10. Department of social services at home for elderly citizens and disabled people;

11. Specialized department of social and medical services at home for elderly citizens and disabled people;

12. Day care department for elderly citizens and disabled people;

13. Department of temporary residence of elderly citizens and disabled people.

The Center for Social Assistance to Family and Children contains modules aimed at working with these categories of the population, including:

Organizational and methodological department;

Advisory department;

Emergency Social Services Unit;

Department of Psychological and Pedagogical Assistance;

Department of assistance to women who find themselves in difficult life situations;

Department for the Prevention of Child Neglect;

Day care department for minors;

Department of rehabilitation of minors with physical and mental disabilities.

This set is complemented by a citizen reception department that receives, identifies the needs of children and families living in the service area, refers them to the appropriate departments of the Center, creates a data bank on applications to the Center and an inpatient department that implements social rehabilitation programs for maladjusted children in a temporary hospital setting. The directions and forms of work in this department are similar to the activities of the day care department for children and adolescents. As a structural unit of the Center, a social shelter for children and adolescents can be organized, operating as a temporary hospital under social rehabilitation programs and accepting orphans and children without parental care.

Social service centers provide services to elderly citizens and people with disabilities and consist of the following modules:

Organizational and methodological department;

Advisory department;

Emergency social service departments;

Social service departments at home;

Specialized Department of Social and Medical Services at Home;

Day care units;

Temporary accommodation units.

Social rehabilitation centers for minors specialize in the social rehabilitation of maladjusted children, or the rehabilitation of children with physical and mental disabilities.

Social shelters for children and adolescents are temporary hospitals in which orphans and children left without parental care live until their final establishment.

Centers for psychological and pedagogical assistance to the population provide socio-psychological, socio-pedagogical and psychotherapeutic assistance to families with children. Implements measures to increase stress resistance and psychological culture, prevention of deviant forms of behavior of family members, psychological and social correction of developmental disorders in children and conflict relationships between parents and children.

Emergency psychological assistance centers by telephone differentiate their activities according to the characteristics of the population served.

Crisis centers for women are departments of a center for social assistance to families and children, specializing in providing assistance to women in crisis situations.

Social assistance centers at home are part of social service centers that specialize in home-based social, social and medical services for elderly and disabled citizens.

Social homes for single elderly people are intended for the free residence of single elderly people and married couples, provided that they maintain their independence and provide them with psychological, social and medical social assistance.

Gerontological centers carry out medical-social, social-rehabilitation, social-consultative work with elderly citizens at their place of residence.

In recent years, various changes have been taking place in the structures of centers related to the consolidation of organizations and the transition to a different system of both financing the work with clients and encouraging the work of specialists; institutions are being reassigned. However, it is worth talking about the results of these transformations a little later.

Social protection of the population is one of the most important areas of the state’s social policy, which consists in establishing and maintaining the socially necessary material and social status of all members of society. Based on the above, it is possible to identify which aspects of social life need protection and, as a result, what are the possible prospects for the development of social protection of the population, which will be discussed in the next chapter.

The purpose of the OSZN is to implement state policy aimed at establishing stable and orderly connections between various levels of the organizational system designed to form social relations in society, provide citizens with potential life benefits to meet their needs, and develop economic independence in management.

The objects of management in the SZN system are institutions and organizations, labor and educational groups of this system, as well as relationships between people. Subjects of management are bodies directly involved in the problems of social assistance to the population (ministries, committees, departments, administrations, departments of social protection of the population, labor collectives). The main function of the bodies and institutions of the SZN is to improve the activities of its various structural elements, regulated by certain norms and controlled by social institutions to ensure the achievement of their goals. Basic levels of s.r. bodies: – federal level (republic); – region; - labor collective; – non-governmental (charitable) public organizations. An important role in the system of social protection of the population is played by trade unions, administration and various forms of self-government in labor collectives.

The main functions of the OSZN at the federal level: 1. organization of pension services and provision of benefits; 2.social services; 3.medical and social examination; 4.rehabilitation of disabled people and provision of prosthetic and orthopedic care; 5.social assistance to families and children; 6.preparation of legislation on SZN; 7.development of regulations on the basics of social policy; 8. analysis and forecast of living standards of various categories of the population; 9. preparation of recommendations for the development of regional social programs; 10. development of social standards, etc. The functions of SZN bodies at the regional (local) level are regulated by higher authorities with a certain independence and include: ensuring and solving production and economic problems; planning and financial and economic activities; creation of various social assistance funds; solving economic problems, etc.;

Definitive functions are performed by charitable organizations and funds for social assistance to the population: a) social and medical assistance to the lonely, elderly, and infirm; b) social rehabilitation of disabled people; c) legal assistance to socially needy categories of the population.

21. Social insurance

Social insurance is a mechanism for implementing the state’s social policy, the basis for organizing social protection of the population.

Social insurance is part of the state system of social protection of the population, carried out in the form of insurance of working citizens against possible changes in their financial and social situation, including due to circumstances beyond their control. Social insurance is also “a form of social protection of the economically active population from various risks associated with loss of ability to work, based on collective solidarity of compensation for damage.” State social insurance is a system of material support for workers in old age, established by the state and regulated by legal norms, in the event of temporary or permanent disability, family members of workers (or loss of a breadwinner), as well as health protection for workers and members of their families 3 . State social insurance is carried out at the expense of special funds formed from mandatory contributions of employers and, in some cases, employees, as well as subsidies from the federal budget for material support of employees and members of their families. Historically determined three shapes organization of social insurance systems:

Collective (insurance organized by trade unions);

State;

Mixed (based on the interaction of the state and trade unions).

Today in Russia social insurance can be expressed in the form of state pensions and state benefits. Of the five available types of state pensions, four are considered labor pensions: for disability, for the loss of a breadwinner, for old age, for long service. There is also a social pension - assigned to citizens who do not have grounds to receive a labor pension.