Джек лондон биография на английском. Джек Лондон; Jack London — Топик по английскому языку Джек лондон задание по английскому про автора

Биография Джека Лондона на английском языке приведена в этой статье.

Джек Лондон биография на английском

Jack London"s full name was John Griffith London, and he was born in San Francisco. After completing grammar school, London worked at various jobs to help support his family. He briefly enrolled in a university and took English classes, for he loved to read and write. However, he was not happy with this formal education and he soon dropped out.

In 1897 and 1898, London, like many other American and Canadian men, went north to Alaska and the Klondike region of Canada to search for gold. This was the Alaska Gold Rush. Although London never found any gold, his experience in the extreme environment of this cold part of the world gave him ideas for the stories he would write when he decided to return to California.

Upon his return to the San Francisco area, he began to write about his experiences. After winning a writing contest, he succeeded in selling some of his stories and in 1900, he published a collection of his short stories, The Son of the Wolf.
Like Stephen Crane, London wrote in a Naturalistic style, in which a story"s actions and events are caused mainly by man"s internal biological needs, or by the external forces of nature and the environment. Many of his stories, including his masterpiece The Call of the Wild (1903), deal with civilized man getting back in touch with his deep, animal instincts.

Among London"s most important books were People of the Abyss (1903), written about the poor people of London, England; The Sea Wolf (1904), a novel based on the author"s experiences as a seal hunter; John Barleycorn (1913), an autobiographical novel about his struggle against alcoholism; and The Star Rover (1915), a collection of related stories dealing with reincarnation.

London wrote more than 50 books and enjoyed enormous international popularity as an author. His exciting, often violent and brutal writing style attracted readers from all over the world and his stories and novels were translated into many different > Despite his success, however, alcohol and two broken marriages added to his growing unhappiness. In 1916, at the age of only 40, Jack London committed suicide.

словарь

achieve - достигать; добиваться
to achieve success - добиться успеха
advertise - рекламировать; помещать объявления
arrest - 1. арест, задержание 2. арестовать
to be arrested - быть арестованным
When was he arrested?
ashamed - пристыженный
to be ashamed - стесняться
shame - 1. стыд 2. стыдить
attempt - попытка
to make an attempt - попытаться
audience - публика, аудитория, зрители (употр. с глаголом в единственном числе); аудиенция
awful - ужасный
base - 1. основа, основание; база 2. основывать 3. низкий, низменный, подлый
to be based - быть основанным
Many of London"s stories were based on his own experience.
betray - изменять, изменять
break (broke, broken) with - порвать с (кем-либо, чем-либо)
condition - условие, обстоятельство
conditions of life / living conditions - условия жизни
conflict - конфликт, столкновение
contest - соревнования, соревнования, конкурс
decide - решать, принимать решения
describe - описывать, изображать
experience - 1. (жизненный) опыт; впечатления, переживания 2. чувствовать, узнавать из опыта
fang - клык; корень зуба
frustration - разочарование; крах, крах
gain - 1. прибыль, прирост, выигрыш 2. получать, приобретать
to gain friends (experience, a wide audience) - приобретать друзей (опыт, широкую аудиторию)
gold rush - (ист.) золотая лихорадка
heel - 1. пятая 2. каблук
hope - надежда, надежда
impulse - порыв, побуждение, влечение, импульс
individual - 1. личность, индивидуум 2. личный, индивидуальный, характерный
justice - справедливость; правосудия; юстиция
injustice - несправедливость
job - работа, место службы
kind - 1. хороший 2. сорт, вид, класс, разряд
main - основной, главный
to move to - переезжать, переселяться в When did the Browns move to Boston? - Когда Брауны переехали в Бостон?
movement - движение
observation - наблюдение, изучение
observe - 1. наблюдать, следить за 2. соблюдать
poor - бедный, неимущий
the poor - бедные, бедные, неимущие
prison - тюрьма
quit (quit / quitted, quit / quitted) - прекращать, бросать, оставлять
realize - (ясно) понимать, осознавать
reflect - отображать, отражать
ride (rode, ridden) - ехать, ездить (верхом, на велосипеде, лошади и т.д.)
sailor - моряк, матрос
social order - общественный строй / порядок
storyteller - рассказчик
struggle for - борьба за
success - успех, удача
suicide - самоубийство
survive - выжить, уцелеть
theme - тема
tramp - 1. бродяга 2. путешествие пешком 3. путешествовать пешком
tuition - плата за обучение
to turn to smth - приниматься, браться за что-нибудь
unemployed - безработный, незанятый
used to - иметь обычай (в прошлом)
vagrancy - 1. лишения, бродячая жизнь 2. (юр.) бродяжничество
vagrant - 1. бродяга, бездельник 2. бродячий, путешествующий
vagabond - 1. бродяга; (Разг.) Бездельник 2 бродячий
wild - дикий
the Wild - дикая природа

Jack London took his place in American literature at the beginning of the twentieth century. At that time, the library shelves and bookshops of America were already full of books by well-known authors.

But Jack London’s stories were new stories: his heroes were not like heroes in books by famous authors, and the pictures he painted were not the same as their pictures. The men in his books live a difficult life, a life full of danger.

In the terrible world that Jack London shows us in his stories, a man who makes even the smallest mistake must fall and die in the snow. But his people are afraid of nothing, and nothing can stop them.

People in books by London never lose hope: they never stop fighting for life, even when the end seems near. That is the lesson every man and woman must learn – that in everything we want and everything we do, if we do not lose hope, we must and will win.

Jack London. The Biography (part 1)

Jack London’s credo

I would rather be ashes than dust! I would rather that my spark should burn out in a brilliant blaze than it should be stifled by dry-rot. I would rather be a superb meteor, every atom of me in magnificent glow, than a sleepy and permanent planet. The proper function of man is to live, not exist. I shall not waste my days in trying to prolong them, I shall use my time.»

– Jack London 1876-1916

Кредо Джека Лондона (в переводе на русский язык)
Я предпочел бы гореть ярким пламенем, а не задыхаться от пыли. Я бы предпочел быть сверкающим метеором, а не спящей и вечной планетой. Человек должен жить, а не существовать. Я не собираюсь тратить свои дни, пытаясь продлить свое существование. Я тороплюсь ЖИТЬ!

Jack London’s life was not easy. And it was not long – he lived less than forty years. But he saw more and did more during those years than many other men see and do in almost a century.

Jack London was born in San Francisco, California, in 1876. His father was poor, and there were many other children in the family. They always needed money, and Jack, who was older than the other children, had to help as much as he could. When he was only eight years old, he was already selling newspapers and going to school at the same time. But after a few years, he had to leave school and go to work.

Like many other poor boys in California, he found work on the ships that went from America to the countries of the East, and to the islands of the South Seas. There he saw wonderful places: beautiful green islands in the endless blue sea, and high mountains that threw red fire into the black night sky. But the ships paid boys very little, and when Jack came back to California he had almost northing.

So he left home again, this time to look for work in the big cities of the United States, and in the great forests and on the great lakes and rivers of Canada. He never had a day’s rest and he worked from morning to night. But when the day’s work was over, he listens to the men’s jokes and their conversations about places and people, about workers and revolution.

When he came home again, Jack London was full of a new idea. He was going to become a writer. “I have been to such wonderful places and I have heard such interesting stories,” he thought. “I am sure they will be interesting to other people too.”

But to his surprise, when he tried to write, he couldn’t make the words tell the stories. His language was poor and it was full of mistakes, because he did not know grammar. “I never learned English,” he thought, “because I couldn’t go to school. But why can’t I go to school now? The pupils will be surprised when they see somebody so much older in the class room. But I’ll be ashamed when I can’t pronounce difficult words. But my memory isn’t bad, and if they can study physics and mathematics and biology, I can too. And I’ll learn English together with science!”

And he did! He learned from his teachers and from other pupils, but most of all, he learned from books. He read all the books on the shelves of the school library and the city library. He read all afternoon, and he sat half the night with a book or a textbook in front of him and a large dictionary at his side. As he read novels by well-known authors, he tried to notice the words they used and how they used them: he tried to discover the secrets of their art.

If you study English, find in the text and read aloud:
a) the sentences in the text about the places that Jack London visited:
b) the sentences that explain what is new in his stories:

* * *

Jack London. The Biography (part 2)

«I haven’t enough time to learn so slowly.»

Pupils went to high school for two years, but Jack London finished high school in three months. He even went to college for a short time, but then he decided not to continue. “I haven’t enough money to study,” he thought, “And I haven’t enough time to learn so slowly. I have always learned more from great thinkers than from lectures at college.”

Day after day, month after month, he wrote: short stories, poems, plays. But nobody noticed him: the magazines refused to publish his works. At first, Jack was helpless and angry, but then he said:” Perhaps they are right. I haven’t yet become a writer. But I haven’t lost this fight – no, I am only beginning.” Often he had no money, and he had to stop writing and look for work. But soon as he had some money, he stopped working and began to write again.

In 1896, when Jack London was twenty years old, gold was discovered in Alaska. The whole world suddenly became interested in this cold country, where almost nobody lived. Men who usually never went near a library began to go there, to study maps of the “new” country, its history and geography.

There were thousands and even millions of men in America who thought of Alaska, who wanted to go
there, but who could not decide to leave their homes in the south. Jack London was not one of them. He bought a ticket on the first ship to the North. He wanted to see the life of the thousands of men who came to look for gold in the mountains and rivers. Perhaps only a few could find gold, but they all hoped to be the lucky man.

Like the other men who came to Alaska, Jack hadn’t enough food, and he had no vegetables or fruit. At first, he didn’t think about what he was eating, and he refused to think that he was not well. But at last he became seriously ill, and he had to come back home to San Francisco.

He came back without gold, but with something better the yellow metal: in his memory was the whole rich world of the Far North. His life there, his conversations with people he met and the stories they told him were enough for a whole library of books. He remembered everything, and now he knew how to write!

He began again. When he was twenty three, a small magazine agreed to publish his stories: soon, well-known, important magazines invited him to write for them.

Who can say why a writer becomes popular? At the end of the 19 th century, book usually told about gentlemen in high hats and ladies in beautiful clothes, who always used the best language when they spoke. Jack London’s stories were about men who fought with animals and each other, who lived for months without daylight, and then for months without night, men who were left in the endless snow-fields until the wolves came….

Many ladies and gentlemen said: “This is not art!” But there were thousands and thousands who were afraid to know what happened to men in those terrible places, who understand and loved London’s books.

Jack London loved people and was sure that the man is strong and better than anything in the world.

If you study English,
a) try to say what you have learnt about Jack London, his books and his characters
b) say if you like Jack London and why

Jack London was born in 1876 in San Francisco. His real name was John Griffit. His father was a farmer. The family was extremely poor and the boy had to earn his living after school. He sold newspapers, worked at a factory. Later he became a sailor; during some time he wandered vrith the unemployed.

For a year he attended the Oakland High school and spent a semester at the University of California, but as he had no money he had to stop his studies and went to work again.

This time it was a laundry. In 1897 he went to the Klondike as a gold miner. His first short story was published in 1898.

Some of the difficulties he met during the first years of his literary work are described in his novel «Martin Eden».

During the sixteen years of his literary career Jack London published about fifty books: short stories, novels and essays. In his best stories London described the severe life and struggle of people against nature.

He died at the age of forty in 1916.

Джек Лондон (перевод)

Джек Лондон родился в Сан-Франциско в 1876 году.

Его настоящее имя — Джон Гриффит. Его отец был крес­тьянином. Семья была очень бедная, и мальчику приходи­лось зарабатывать на жизнь после школы. Он продавал газеты» работал на фабрике. Позже он стал матросом. Не­которое время он скитался вместе с безработными.

Он проучился год в Оклендской высшей школе и один семестр в Калифорнийском университете. Но так как у него не было денег, ему пришлось оставить занятия и опять идти работать.

На этот раз он работал в прачечной. В 1897 г. он поехал в Клондайк работать золотоискателем. Его первый рассказ был опубликован в 1898 г.

В романе «Мартин Иден» Джек Лондон описал трудно­сти, с которыми он столкнулся в первые годы своей лите­ратурной деятельности.

За 16 лет своей литературной карьеры Джек Лондон опубликовал около 50 книг: рассказы, романы, эссе. В сво­их лучших рассказах он описывал суровую жизнь и борь­бу людей с природой.

Он умер в возрасте сорока лет в 1916 году.

I have to admit that I"m fond of reading. I like to read books about the history of our country, about famous people and adventures. Literature means much in my life. It helps to form the character and the world outlook, to understand life better. Books teach us to be honest, modest, and courageous. They help us to feel compassion for weak people.
Jack London became my favourite writer from his first books I"d read. First of all I got interested in Jack London as a personality. His life story struck me not less than his works. What a man! He was strong and talented. He lived a life of adventures and hardships, so he knew what he was writing about. In his novel Martin Iden he describes his biography. What a hard life he lived!
Jack London was born in San Francisco in 1876. From his childhood he suffered greatly. He changed a lot of jobs: selling out newspapers, working at the factory. He hated that kind of job, which exhausted people and made them suffer physically and morally.
Young Jack had no opportunity to go to school, so he studied privately reading much at night.
When gold was found in Alaska, Jack London joined the gold rush. He returned home without gold but with rich impressions about people with whom he met and made friends. They became the prototypes of his heroes.
The American novelist and short-story writer knew life in Alaska very well because he experienced it himself. That is why it is so interesting to read his novels "The Call of the Wild" and "White Fang" His heroes are bright personalities. They are physically strong and enduring people. They try to find a way out from the most difficult situations. They fight and survive.
The very first story The Love of Life caught my fancy. I was struck by the will of a sick man who found himself alone, side by side with a wolf. Both the man and the wolf were sick and weak. And each of them was waiting for the other to grow still weaker and faint in order to feed on him. The man won. While reading the story I admired the courage and human spirit of the hero.
The story "Brown Wolf" is not less interesting. Its about a dog and his devotion to people.
Later I read more novels and stories by Jack London. My fondness of Jack London, the greatest American writer, will stay with me all my life.

Джек Лондон

Я должен признаться, что люблю читать. Мне нравится читать книги об истории нашей страны, об известных людях и приключениях. Литература много значит в моей жизни. Она помогает формировать характер и кругозор, лучше понять жизнь. Книги учат нас быть честными, скромными и храбрыми. Они помогают нам чувствовать сострадание к слабым людям.
Джек Лондон стал моим любимым автором с его первых книг, прочитанных мною. Прежде всего я заинтересовался Джеком Лондоном как личностью. История его жизни поразила меня не меньше, чем его работы. Какой человек! Он был силен и талантлив. Он прожил жизнь с приключениями и трудностями, поэтому, он знал то, о чем писал. В романе «Мартин Идеи» он описывает свою биографию. Какую тяжелую жизнь он прожил!
Джек Лондон родился в Сан-Франциско в 1876 г. Он много пережил с самого детства. Он сменил много работ: продавал газеты, работал на фабрике. Он ненавидел такую работу, которая изнуряла людей и заставляла их страдать физически и нравственно.
Молодой Джек не имел возможности пойти в школу, поэтому, он занимался, самостоятельно читая, в основном ночью.
Когда на Аляске было найдено золото, Джек Лондон присоединился к золотой лихорадке. Он возвратился домой без золота, но с богатыми впечатлениями о людях, с которыми он встретился и подружился. Они стали прототипами его героев.
Американский романист и автор рассказов знал жизнь на Аляске очень хорошо, потому что испытал все на себе. Именно поэтому настолько интересно читать его романы «Зов природы» и «Белый клык». Его герои - умные люди. Они - физически сильны и выносливы. Они пытаются найти выход из самых трудных ситуаций. Они борются и выживают.
Самый первый рассказ, «Любовь к жизни», поразил мое воображение. Я был поражен силой воли больного человека, который оказался один, с глазу на глаз с волком. И человек, и волк были больны и слабы. И каждый из них ждал, когда другой станет более слабым, чтобы съесть его. Человек победил. Читая рассказ, я восхищался храбростью и силой духа героя.
Рассказ «Коричневый волк» не менее интересен. Он о собаке и ее преданности людям.
Позже я прочитал другие романы и рассказы Джека Лондона. Мое восхищение Джеком Лондоном, величайшим американским писателем, останется со мной на всю жизнь.